虚拟震源方法用于探测地下陡倾角地质构造
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摘要
当常规地震勘探数据处理方法不能对地下存在的陡倾角地质构造获得满意的成像效果时,应用虚拟震源方法将垂直地震剖面(VSP,vertical seismic profile)数据重构成单井剖面(SWP,single well profile)数据,可以使得观测系统重构到更接近于井附近目标体的位置,震源和检波器都位于复杂的覆盖之下并避免井和地表之间未知速度信息的影响,从而获得对地下地质构造更好的成像分辨率。尤其是当地下存在诸如断层这样的陡倾角地质构造时,虚拟震源方法可以对目标体产生很好的成像效果。本文进行了声波数据和弹性波数据的模拟实验,将模型中的陡构造设置为断层,测试虚拟震源方法用于探测地下陡倾角地质构造的能力,对声波和弹性波介质都获得了满意的成像结果;在应用稀疏观测系统进行测量时,仍然可以得到较好的成像效果。
When the conventional seismic data processing methods failed to acquire the satisfactory imaging results of subsurface steep structure,the virtual source method should be applied to convert the traditional vertical seismic profile(VSP,vertical seismic prodile) gathers into virtual single well profile(SWP,single well profile) gathers.After that,geometry was reconstructed closer to the structure targets near wells to get the better image resolution of subsurface geological body,and the seismic source and geophone under complex overburden to avoid the effect by unknown velocity information between wells and surface.Especially,when the steep structure such as faults present in the subsurface,the virtual source method can produce better image results.The authors modeled acoustic and elastic data,set the faults as steep structures,and tested the ability of virtual source method to detect the steep structure in the subsurface,which obtained the satisfactory imaging results of acoustic and elastic medium.This method still gets the good imaging results when sparse geometry was used to survey.
When the conventional seismic data processing methods failed to acquire the satisfactory imaging results of subsurface steep structure,the virtual source method should be applied to convert the traditional vertical seismic profile(VSP,vertical seismic prodile) gathers into virtual single well profile(SWP,single well profile) gathers.After that,geometry was reconstructed closer to the structure targets near wells to get the better image resolution of subsurface geological body,and the seismic source and geophone under complex overburden to avoid the effect by unknown velocity information between wells and surface.Especially,when the steep structure such as faults present in the subsurface,the virtual source method can produce better image results.The authors modeled acoustic and elastic data,set the faults as steep structures,and tested the ability of virtual source method to detect the steep structure in the subsurface,which obtained the satisfactory imaging results of acoustic and elastic medium.This method still gets the good imaging results when sparse geometry was used to survey.
引文
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[2]Wapenaar K,Draganov D,Thorbecke J,et al.Theory ofacoustic daylight imaging revisited[C].72nd AnnualInternational Meeting,SEG Expanded Abstracts,2002:2269-2272.
[3]Schuster G T.Theory of daylight/interferometric imaging:tutorial[C].63rd Annual Conference,EAGE ExtendedAbstracts,2001:1-32.
[4]Calvert RW,Bakulin A,Jones T C.Virtual sources,anew way to remove overburden problems[C].66th An-nual Conference,EAGE Extended Abstracts,2004:234.
[5]Bakulin A,Calvert R.Virtual source:new method forimaging and 4D below complex overburden[C].74thAnnual International Meeting,SEG Expanded Abstracts,2004:2477-2480.
[6]Bakulin A,Mateeva A,Mehta K,et al.Virtual sourceapplications to imaging and reservoir monitoring[J].TheLeading Edge,2007,26:732-740.
[7]Bakulin A,Calvert R.The virtual source method:theoryand case study[J].Geophysics,2006,71:139-150.
[8]Wapenaar K.Retrieving the elastodynamic Green's func-tion of an arbitrary inhomogeneous medium by cross corre-lations[J].Geophysical Research Letter,2004,93:1-4.
[9]Juhlin C,Giese R,Zinck-J rgensen K,et al.3D base-line seismics at Ketzin,Germany:the CO2SINK project[J].Geophysics,2007,72:121-132.
[10]Juhlin C.Finite difference elastic wave propagation in 2-D heterogeneous transversely isotropic media[J].Geo-physical Prospecting,1995,43:843-858.
[11]郑海山.地震偏移技术研究进展[J].世界地质,2000,19(4):392-396.ZHENG Hai-shan.Study development of seismic migra-tion[J].Global Geology,2000,19(4):392-396.
[12]周晨光,单刚义,张丽华.叠前时间偏移在华北地区的应用[J].吉林大学学报:地球科学版,2006,36(增刊):55-57.ZHOU Chen-guang,SHAN Gang-yi,ZHANG Li-hua.Application of prestack time migration in North China ar-ea[J].Journal of Jilin University:Earth Science Edi-tion,2006,36(Suppl.):55-57.
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