基于逆散射级数法的鬼波压制方法
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摘要
鬼波问题是影响海上地震资料分辨率和保真度提高的最重要因素之一.详细论述了逆散射级数理论和逆散射级数法鬼波压制原理,说明了逆散射级数方法进行鬼波压制理论的完善性和对鬼波描述的精确性.实现了基于逆散射级数理论的鬼波压制方法,方法以波动方程和Lippmann-Schwinger方程为基础,在频率-波数-波数域内构造与鬼波相关的压制算子,在不需要对地下介质作任何假设条件下实现地震数据驱动鬼波压制,并通过改善消除鬼波的压制算子,提高算法的稳定性.资料处理试验与处理结果分析表明,基于逆散射级数鬼波压制方法能在实现鬼波压制的同时较好保留有效反射波的信息,从而补偿地震资料低频损失和提高地震数据的保真度.数据处理试验还表明,研究方法能对低信噪比的地震资料进行有效的鬼波压制处理.建立了基于逆散射级数鬼波压制处理流程.
Deghosting is one of the most important factors for enhancing resolution and higher fidelity in marine seismic exploration.Inverse scattering theory and a deghosting method based on that theory are deeply discussed.This method based on inverse scattering theory is perfect and exact for deghosting.The method based on wave equation and Born series directly removes ghosts in frequency-wavenumber-wavenumber domain and makes no assumptions about the earth.The method becomes more stable through improving deghosting operator.The method has been tested with simple synthetic data and Pluto model data and obtained positive and encouraging results.Testing to date has shown that this method can reserve primaries while deghosting and boost the low frequencies and enhance seismic fidelity.And testing also proves that this method works well for low S/N seismic data.And a deghosting flowchart is presented.
Deghosting is one of the most important factors for enhancing resolution and higher fidelity in marine seismic exploration.Inverse scattering theory and a deghosting method based on that theory are deeply discussed.This method based on inverse scattering theory is perfect and exact for deghosting.The method based on wave equation and Born series directly removes ghosts in frequency-wavenumber-wavenumber domain and makes no assumptions about the earth.The method becomes more stable through improving deghosting operator.The method has been tested with simple synthetic data and Pluto model data and obtained positive and encouraging results.Testing to date has shown that this method can reserve primaries while deghosting and boost the low frequencies and enhance seismic fidelity.And testing also proves that this method works well for low S/N seismic data.And a deghosting flowchart is presented.
引文
[1]Lindsey J P.Elimination of seismic ghost reflections bymeans of a linear filter.Geophysics,1960,25(1):130-140.
[2]Schneider W A,Larner K L,Burg J P,et al.A new dataprocessing technique for the elimination of ghost arrivals onreflection seismograms.Geophysics,1964,29(5):783-805.
[3]Ziolkowski A.Design of a marine seismic reflection profilingsystem using air guns as a sound source.Geophys,1971,23(5):499-530.
[4]Jovanovich D B,Sumner R D,Akins-Easterlin S L.Ghostingand marine signature deconvolution:A prerequisite fordetailed seismic interpretation.Geophysics,1983,48(11):1468-1485.
[5]Robertsson J O A,Kragh E.Rough-sea deghosting using asingle streamer and a pressure gradient approximation.Geophysics,2002,67(6):2005-2011.
[6]Ghosh S K.Deconvolving the ghost effect of the watersurface in marine seismics.Geophysics,2000,65(6):1831-1836.
[7]Katibe A.The footsteps of the receiver ghost in the f-kdomain.Geophysics,1999,64(5):1618-1626.
[8]Fang Y F.The method of eliminating marine seismic ghostreflections in f-k domain.World Geology,1999,18(1):75-77.
[9]Weglein A B,Shaw S A,Matson K H,et al.Newapproaches to deghosting towed-streamer and ocean-bottompressure measurements.72nd SEG abstract,2002:1016-1019.
[10]Zhang J,Weglein A B.Extinction theorem deghostingmethod using towed streamer pressure data:Analysis of thereceiver array effect on deghosting and subsequent freesurface multiple removal.75th Annual InternationalMeeting,SEG,Expanded Abstracts,2005,24:2095-2098.
[11]Mayhan J D,Terenghi P,Weglein A B,et al.Green′stheorem derived methods for preprocessing seismic data whenthe pressure P and its normal derivative are measured.SEGSan Antonio 2011Annual Meeting,2011,2722-2726.
[12]Weglein A B,Gasparotto F A,Carvalho P M,et al.Aninverse-scattering series method for attenuating multiples inseismic reflection data.Geophysics,1997,62(6):1975-1989.
[13]Moses H E.Calculation of the scattering potential fromreflection coefficients.Physical Review,1956,102(2):559-567.
[14]Prosser R T.Formal solutions of inverse scatteringproblems.Journal of Mathematical Physics,1969,10(10):1819-1822.
[15]Razavy M.Determination of the wave velocity in aninhomogeneous medium from the reflection coefficient.Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,1975,58(5):956-963.
[16]Stolt R H,Jacobs B.Inversion of seismic data in a laterallyheterogeneous medium.SEP Rep.,1980,24:135-152.
[17]Weglein A B,Boyse W E,Anderson J E.Obtaining there-dimensional velocity information directly from reflectionseismic data:an inverse scattering formalism.Geophysics,1981,46(8):1116-1120.
[18]Weglein A B,Gasparotto F A,Carvalho P M,et al.Inversescattering series and seismic exploration.Inverse Problems,2003,19(6):R27-R83.
[19]金德刚.基于波动方程的层间多次波预测方法研究[博士论文].北京:中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所,2008.Jin D G.Internal multiples predication methods based onwave-equation[Ph.D.thesis](in Chinese).Beijing:Institute of Geology and Geophysics,Chinese Academy ofSciences,2008.
[20]李翔,胡天跃.逆散射级数法去除自由表面多次波.地球物理学报,2009,52(6):1633-1640.Li X,Hu T Y.Surface-related multiple removal with inversescattering series method.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2009,52(6):1633-1640.
[21]刘华锋.逆散射级数法衰减海上多次波[博士论文].北京:中国石油大学(北京),2011.Liu H F.Marine multiple attenuation using inverse scatteringseries method[Ph.D.thesis](in Chinese).Beijing:ChinaUniversity of Petroleum(Beijing),2011.
[2]Schneider W A,Larner K L,Burg J P,et al.A new dataprocessing technique for the elimination of ghost arrivals onreflection seismograms.Geophysics,1964,29(5):783-805.
[3]Ziolkowski A.Design of a marine seismic reflection profilingsystem using air guns as a sound source.Geophys,1971,23(5):499-530.
[4]Jovanovich D B,Sumner R D,Akins-Easterlin S L.Ghostingand marine signature deconvolution:A prerequisite fordetailed seismic interpretation.Geophysics,1983,48(11):1468-1485.
[5]Robertsson J O A,Kragh E.Rough-sea deghosting using asingle streamer and a pressure gradient approximation.Geophysics,2002,67(6):2005-2011.
[6]Ghosh S K.Deconvolving the ghost effect of the watersurface in marine seismics.Geophysics,2000,65(6):1831-1836.
[7]Katibe A.The footsteps of the receiver ghost in the f-kdomain.Geophysics,1999,64(5):1618-1626.
[8]Fang Y F.The method of eliminating marine seismic ghostreflections in f-k domain.World Geology,1999,18(1):75-77.
[9]Weglein A B,Shaw S A,Matson K H,et al.Newapproaches to deghosting towed-streamer and ocean-bottompressure measurements.72nd SEG abstract,2002:1016-1019.
[10]Zhang J,Weglein A B.Extinction theorem deghostingmethod using towed streamer pressure data:Analysis of thereceiver array effect on deghosting and subsequent freesurface multiple removal.75th Annual InternationalMeeting,SEG,Expanded Abstracts,2005,24:2095-2098.
[11]Mayhan J D,Terenghi P,Weglein A B,et al.Green′stheorem derived methods for preprocessing seismic data whenthe pressure P and its normal derivative are measured.SEGSan Antonio 2011Annual Meeting,2011,2722-2726.
[12]Weglein A B,Gasparotto F A,Carvalho P M,et al.Aninverse-scattering series method for attenuating multiples inseismic reflection data.Geophysics,1997,62(6):1975-1989.
[13]Moses H E.Calculation of the scattering potential fromreflection coefficients.Physical Review,1956,102(2):559-567.
[14]Prosser R T.Formal solutions of inverse scatteringproblems.Journal of Mathematical Physics,1969,10(10):1819-1822.
[15]Razavy M.Determination of the wave velocity in aninhomogeneous medium from the reflection coefficient.Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,1975,58(5):956-963.
[16]Stolt R H,Jacobs B.Inversion of seismic data in a laterallyheterogeneous medium.SEP Rep.,1980,24:135-152.
[17]Weglein A B,Boyse W E,Anderson J E.Obtaining there-dimensional velocity information directly from reflectionseismic data:an inverse scattering formalism.Geophysics,1981,46(8):1116-1120.
[18]Weglein A B,Gasparotto F A,Carvalho P M,et al.Inversescattering series and seismic exploration.Inverse Problems,2003,19(6):R27-R83.
[19]金德刚.基于波动方程的层间多次波预测方法研究[博士论文].北京:中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所,2008.Jin D G.Internal multiples predication methods based onwave-equation[Ph.D.thesis](in Chinese).Beijing:Institute of Geology and Geophysics,Chinese Academy ofSciences,2008.
[20]李翔,胡天跃.逆散射级数法去除自由表面多次波.地球物理学报,2009,52(6):1633-1640.Li X,Hu T Y.Surface-related multiple removal with inversescattering series method.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2009,52(6):1633-1640.
[21]刘华锋.逆散射级数法衰减海上多次波[博士论文].北京:中国石油大学(北京),2011.Liu H F.Marine multiple attenuation using inverse scatteringseries method[Ph.D.thesis](in Chinese).Beijing:ChinaUniversity of Petroleum(Beijing),2011.
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