湖北地区上地幔各向异性及其动力学意义
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摘要
SKS波分裂测量是研究大陆地幔的形变特征、探索大陆动力学和演化过程的重要工具.本文选用湖北数字地震台网(HB台网)和中国数字化宽频带地震台网(CB台网)提供的三分量宽频带数字化地震资料,使用旋转相关法和切向能量最小法,计算得到了湖北地区20个地震台站下方上地幔各向异性参数.结果表明,快波偏振方向较为复杂:大别造山带内,呈平行于大别造山带构造走向的NWW向,且与绝对板块运动方向基本一致,反映印支燕山期扬子板块与华北板块南北向挤压碰撞造山的过程,而地幔流动则是造成这种南北挤压的力源.扬子板块内NWW向虽与绝对板块运动趋势一致,但比较离散,受地幔对流影响不明显,而NE向各向异性主要与燕山后期之后应力场的转变有关.分析认为,该地区的上地幔各向异性为地幔流动和固结在岩石圈中的"化石各向异性"共同作用的结果.根据上地幔各向异性方向与主要构造带的走向平行,可以作为地壳变形与上地幔连贯变形的证据.整个研究区域得到的分裂延迟时间在0.5～1.35 s之间,厚度在58～155 km之间.
SKS wave splitting measurement is a powerful tool to characterize mantle deformation and study the dynamics and evolution of continents.In this paper,Hubei digital seismograph network and China Broadband Digital Seismograph Network are used to analyze the direction and extent of seismic anisotropy.We use the rotation correlation method and the technique of Silver and Chan to determine SKS wave splitting parameters at 27 three-component broadband stations in Hubei area,including the azimuths of fast polarization direction and delay times of split shear wave.The fast wave polarization directions beneath this area are divided into two groups:NWW and NE.The preferred orientation of NWW shows a good relation with the strike direction of the Dabie orogenic belt,and is parallel to the absolute plate movement.Combining with the structural evolution process,we infer that the preferred orientation of NWW maybe reflects the north-south-trending compression and collision of Yangtze block and North China block,and the mantle flow is the power source leading to this compression.And the preferred orientation of NE in Yangtze platform should have a certain relation with the change of stress field after the late-Yanshan stage.The upper mantle anisotropy can be explained by the combined effect of mantle flow and the so-called "fossil anisotropy" frozen in the lithosphere,which was caused by the Indosinian and Yanshanian orogeny.Delay times range from 0.5 s to 1.35 s.According to the relationship between time delay and anisotropic depth,we can infer that the fossil deformation may produce anisotropic structures at depths about 58～155 km.
SKS wave splitting measurement is a powerful tool to characterize mantle deformation and study the dynamics and evolution of continents.In this paper,Hubei digital seismograph network and China Broadband Digital Seismograph Network are used to analyze the direction and extent of seismic anisotropy.We use the rotation correlation method and the technique of Silver and Chan to determine SKS wave splitting parameters at 27 three-component broadband stations in Hubei area,including the azimuths of fast polarization direction and delay times of split shear wave.The fast wave polarization directions beneath this area are divided into two groups:NWW and NE.The preferred orientation of NWW shows a good relation with the strike direction of the Dabie orogenic belt,and is parallel to the absolute plate movement.Combining with the structural evolution process,we infer that the preferred orientation of NWW maybe reflects the north-south-trending compression and collision of Yangtze block and North China block,and the mantle flow is the power source leading to this compression.And the preferred orientation of NE in Yangtze platform should have a certain relation with the change of stress field after the late-Yanshan stage.The upper mantle anisotropy can be explained by the combined effect of mantle flow and the so-called "fossil anisotropy" frozen in the lithosphere,which was caused by the Indosinian and Yanshanian orogeny.Delay times range from 0.5 s to 1.35 s.According to the relationship between time delay and anisotropic depth,we can infer that the fossil deformation may produce anisotropic structures at depths about 58～155 km.
引文
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[40] http://www.jzdzw.cn/zixun/list.asp? id=650
[2] Hiramasu Y,Ando M,Ishikawa Y.ScS wave splitting of deep earthquakes around Japan.Geophys.J.Int.,1997,128:409～424
[3] Vinnik L P,Kosarev G L,Makeyeva L I.Anisotropy in the lithosphere from the observations of SKS and SKKS.Dok.Acad.Nauk SSSR,1984,278:1335～1339
[4] 王良书,陈运平,米宁等.从地震波各向异性到各向异性地震学:地震波各向异性研究综述.高校地质学报,2005,11(4) :544～551 Wang L S,Chen Y P,Mi N,et al.From seismic anisotropy to anisotropic seismology:A review.Geological Journal of China Universities (in Chinese) ,2005,11(4) :544～551
[5] 郑斯华,高 原.中国大陆岩石层的方位各向异性.地震学报.1994,16(2) :131～140 Zheng S H.Gao Y.The azimuth anisotropy of lithosphere of continental China.Acta Seismologica Sinica (in Chinese),1994,16(2) :131～140
[6] 廖武林,丁志峰,曾融生等.喜马拉雅地区S波分裂研究,地球物理学报,2007,50(5) :1437～1447 Liao W L,Ding Z F,Zeng R S,et al.Shear wave splitting in Himalaya.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese) ,2007,50(5) :1437～1447
[7] 李白基.中国云南地区上地幔地震各向异性.地震研究.1995,18(3) :227～236 Li B J.Seismic anisotropy of upper mantle in Kunming region.Journal of Seismological Research (in Chinese) ,1995,18(3) :227～236
[8] 丁志峰,曾融生.青藏高原横波分裂的观测研究.地球物理学报,1996,39(2) :211～219 Ding Z F,Zeng R S.A study of SKS anisotropy in Tibetan Plateau.Chinese J.Geophys (in Chinese),1996,39(2) :211～219
[9] 吕庆田,马开义,姜枚等.青藏高原南部下的横波各向异性.地震学报,1 996,18:215～223 Lij Q T,Ma K Y,Jiang M,et al.Shear wave anisotropy of transverse wave beneath southern Tibet.Acta Seismologica Sinica (in Chinese),1996,18:215～223
[10] 姜 枚,许志琴,Him A,等.青藏高原及其部分邻区地震各向异性和上地幔特征.地球学报,2001,22(2) :111～116 Jiang M,Xu Z Q,Him A,et al.Seismic anisotropy and corresponding features of upper mantle in Tibetan Plateau and its neighboring areas.Acta Geoscientia Sinica (in Chinese) ,2001,22(2) :111～116
[11] 杨晓松,金振民,马瑾等.青藏高原北部异常SKS分裂成因的初步探讨被熔体强化的岩石圈各向异性.地球物理学报,2002,45(6) :821～832 Yang X S,Jin Z M,Ma J,et al.Genesis of SKS splitting in the North-Central Qinghai-Xizang plateau:melt alignment enhanced lithosphere anisotropy.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2002,45(6) :821～832
[12] 常利军,王椿镛,丁志峰.云南地区SKS波分裂研究.地球物理学报,2006,49(1) :197～204 Chang L J,Wang C Y,Ding Z F.A study of SKS splitting beneath the Yunnan region.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2006,49(1) :197～204
[13] 彭艳菊,黄忠贤,苏伟等.中国大陆及邻区海域地壳上地幔各向异性研究.地球物理学报,2007,50(3) :752～759 Peng Y J,Huang Z X,Su W,et al.Anisotropy in crust and upper mantle beneath China continent and its adjacent seas.Chinese.J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2007,50(3) :752～759
[14] 常利军,王椿镛,丁志峰.四川及邻区上地幔各向异性研究.中国科学D辑.2008,38(12) :1589～1599 Chang L J,Wang C Y,Ding Z F.A study of SKS splitting beneath the Sichuan and neighboring regions.Science in China (Series D) (in Chinese) ,2008,38(12) :1589～1599
[15] 崔仲雄,裴顺平.青藏高原东构造结及周边地区上地幔顶部Pn速度结构和各向异性研究.地球物理学报,2009,52(9) :2245～2254 Cui Z X,Pei S P.Study on Pn velocity and anisotropy in the uppermost mantle of the Eastern Himalayan Syntaxis and surrounding regions.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2009,52(9) :2245～2254
[16] 李英康,李敬卫,吴宣志等.大别山造山带的横波特征与地壳结构.中国地质,1997,8:40～45 Li Y K,Li J W,Wu X Z,et al.Characteristics of shear wave and the crustal structure in Dabie orogeny.Geology in China (in Chinese),1997,8:40～45
[17] 王椿镛,丁志峰,陈学波等.大别造山带地壳S波分裂和介质各向异性.科学通报,1997,42(23) :2539～2542 Wang C Y,Ding Z F,Chen X B,et al.,S wave splitting and anisotropy beneath the Dabie Orogeny.Chinese Science Bulletin (in Chinese) ,1997 ,42(23) :2539～2542
[18] 张国伟,孟庆任,于在平.秦岭造山带的造山过程及其动力学特征.中国科学(D辑).1996,26(3) :193～200 Zhang G W,Meng Q R,Yu Z P.The orogenic process of the Qinling orogenic belt and the dynamic characteristics.Science inChina (Series D) (in Chinese) ,1996 ,26(3) :193～200
[19] 刘建华,刘福田,孙若昧.秦岭-大别造山带及其南北缘地震层析成像.地球物理学报,1995,38(1) :46～54 Liu J H,Liu F T,Sun R M.Seismic tomography beneath the Qingling-Dabie orogenic belts and both the northern and southern fringes.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),1995,38(1) :46～54
[20] 史大年,董英君,姜枚,等.西藏定日 青海格尔木上地幔各向异性研究.地质学报,1976,70(4) :291～297 Shi D N,Dong Y J,Jiang M,et al.Shear wave anisotropy of the upper mantle beneath the Dingri of Tibet to Golmud of Qinghai.Acta Geologica Sinica (in Chinese),1996,70(4) :291～297
[21] Kennett B L N,Engdahl E R.Traveltimes for global earthquake location and phase identification.Geophys.J.Int,1991,105:429～465
[22] W(u|¨)stefeld A,Bokelmann G.Null detection and weak anisotropy in shear-wave splitting.Bulletin of the Seismologicat Society of America ,2007 ,97(4) :1204～1211
[23] Bowman J R ,Ando M.Shear-wave splitting in the upper-mantle wedge above the Tonga subduction zone.Geophysical Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society ,1987 ,88:25～41
[24] Mei Xue.Study on shear-wave splitting.The 24th Annual of Chinese Geophysical Society,Special topic (14) :Anisotropy of Earth.2008
[25] Vinnik L P ,Farra V,Romanovicz B.Azimuthal anisotropy in the earth from observations of SKS at Geoscope and NARS broadband stations.Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America.1989 ,79 :1542～1558
[26] 罗艳,黄忠贤,彭艳菊等.中国大陆及邻区SKS波分裂研究.地球物理学报,2004,47(5) :812～821 Luo Y,Huang Z X,Peng Y J,et al.A study on SKS wave splitting beneath the China mainland and adjacent regions.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2004,47(5) :812～821
[27] 刘希强,周蕙兰,李 红等.中国大陆及邻区上地幔各向异性研究.地震学报,2001,23(4) :337～348 Liu X Q,Zhou H L,Li H,et al.Upper mantle anisotropy study in China and adjacent regions.Acta Seismologica Sinica (in Chinese) ,2001,23(4) :337～348
[28] Chang L J,Wang C Y,Ding Z F.Seismic anisotropy of upper mantle in eastern China.Science in China (Series D) (in Chinese),2009,52(6) :774～783
[29] Zhang Z J,Bai Z M,Walter Mooney,et al.Crustal structure across the Three Gorges area of the Yangtze platform,central China,from seismic refraction/wide-angle reflection data.Tectonophysics,2009,475 :423～437
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