四川盆地大川中地区深层断裂发育特征及其地质意义
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摘要
应用地震综合解释技术,对四川盆地大川中地区21 000 km二维地震和近3 000 km2三维地震进行深层断裂体系的系统解译研究。研究表明,深层断裂具有以下3个特征:(1)控制沉积盖层构造变形;(2)纵向上规模大,下部断入基底,上部断入飞仙关组,同时伴有花状断裂产生;(3)深、浅层断裂特征明显不同,深层断裂角度陡,以走滑断裂为主,浅层断裂角度相对较缓,以逆断层为主。在大川中地区共解释断裂172条,断裂平面延伸长度3～79 km不等。深层断裂平面展布具有明显的分区和分带性,威远—资阳—遂宁—大足一带,以北东向和近东西向为主;巴中—仪陇—广安一带,以北西向和近东西向为主;平昌—达州一带,以近南北向为主。深层断裂对该区沉积相带和有利沉积体的分布有控制作用,可以沟通低孔隙和致密储层,有效改善储层物性,提高油气产能。深层断裂可以控制局部构造圈闭的形成;同时可以作为油气运移的通道,有效沟通烃源岩和储集层,控制异源型烃源体系的油气成藏。
To research the deep-rooted fault system in Dachuanzhong area of Sichuan Basin,2D seismic data of 21 000 km and 3D seismic data of 3 000 km2 were interpreted applying the integrated seismic interpretation technique.Three characteristics of the deep-rooted faults were revealed.The deep-rooted faults control the tectonic deformation of the seals.They cut downward into the basement and upward into the Feixianguan Formation and are associated with flower-shaped faults.The deep faults and the shallow ones have distinct characteristics,with the former being high in angle and dominated by strike-slip faults while the latter being relatively low in angle and dominated by reverse faults.A total of 172 faults were interpreted in Dachuanzhong area and their lateral extensions range from 3 to 79 km.The areal distribution of deep faults shows distinct zonation.The first zone is Weiyuan-Ziyang-Suining-Dazu area where the faults are NE-trending or nearly EW-trending.The second is Bazhong-Yilong-Guang’an area where the faults are NW-trending or nearly EW-trending.The third is Pingchang-Dazhou area where the faults are SN-trending.The deep faults control the sedimentary faces belts and the distribution of favorable sedimentary body,communicate the low porosity and tight reservoirs,effectively improve the reservoir properties and increase oil and gas production capacity.They also control the formation of local structural traps and can act as effective migration pathways for hydrocarbons from source rocks to reservoirs and control hydrocarbon accumulation of allogenic source systems.
To research the deep-rooted fault system in Dachuanzhong area of Sichuan Basin,2D seismic data of 21 000 km and 3D seismic data of 3 000 km2 were interpreted applying the integrated seismic interpretation technique.Three characteristics of the deep-rooted faults were revealed.The deep-rooted faults control the tectonic deformation of the seals.They cut downward into the basement and upward into the Feixianguan Formation and are associated with flower-shaped faults.The deep faults and the shallow ones have distinct characteristics,with the former being high in angle and dominated by strike-slip faults while the latter being relatively low in angle and dominated by reverse faults.A total of 172 faults were interpreted in Dachuanzhong area and their lateral extensions range from 3 to 79 km.The areal distribution of deep faults shows distinct zonation.The first zone is Weiyuan-Ziyang-Suining-Dazu area where the faults are NE-trending or nearly EW-trending.The second is Bazhong-Yilong-Guang’an area where the faults are NW-trending or nearly EW-trending.The third is Pingchang-Dazhou area where the faults are SN-trending.The deep faults control the sedimentary faces belts and the distribution of favorable sedimentary body,communicate the low porosity and tight reservoirs,effectively improve the reservoir properties and increase oil and gas production capacity.They also control the formation of local structural traps and can act as effective migration pathways for hydrocarbons from source rocks to reservoirs and control hydrocarbon accumulation of allogenic source systems.
引文
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[8]张宇航,汤良杰,云露,等.塔里木盆地巴楚隆起卡拉沙依断层差异构造变形特征及其控制因素[J].石油实验地质,2013,35(3):255-262.Zhang Yuhang,Tang Liangjie,Yun Lu,et al.Features and controllingfactors of differential structural deformation of Kalashayi Fault inBachu Uplift,Tarim Basin[J].Petroleum Geology&Experiment,2013,35(3):255-262.
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[11]付广,王立志.源断裂在断陷盆地油运聚成藏中的作用研究[J].断块油气田,2011,18(6):686-690.Fu Guang,Wang Lizhi.Effect of source faults in oil migration and ac-cumulation in fault basin[J].Fault-Block Oil&Gas Field,2011,18(6):686-690.
[12]金之钧,龙胜祥,周雁,等.中国南方膏盐岩分布特征[J].石油与天然气地质,2006,27(5):571-593.Jin Zhijun,Long Shengxiang,Zhou Yan,et al.A study on the distri-bution of saline-deposit in southern China[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2006,27(5):571-593.
[13]汪泽成,赵文智,李宗银,等.基底断裂在四川盆地须家河组天然气成藏中的作用[J].石油勘探与开发,2008,35(5):541-547.Wang Zecheng,Zhao Wenzhi,Li Zongyin,et al.Role of basementfaults in gas accumulation of Xujiahe Formation,Sichuan Basin[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2008,35(5):541-547.
[14]冷济高,杨克明,杨宇.川西坳陷孝泉-丰谷构造带须家河组超压与天然气成藏关系研究[J].石油实验地质,2011,33(6):574-579.Leng Jigao,Yang Keming,Yang Yu.Relationship between natural gasaccumulation and overpressure in Xujiahe Formation,Xiaoquan-Feng-gu structural belt,Western Sichuan Depression[J].Petroleum Geolo-gy&Experiment,2011,33(6):574-579.
[15]唐大卿,陈新军,张先平.川东北宣汉-达县地区断裂系统及构造演化[J].石油实验地质,2008,30(1):58-63.Tang Daqing,Chen Xinjun,Zhang Xianping.Fault systems and theirtectonic evolution in Xuanhan-Daxian area,the Northeastern Sichuanbasin[J].Petroleum Geology&Experiment,2008,30(1):58-63.
[16]邹才能,徐春春,汪泽成,等.四川盆地台缘带礁滩大气区地质特征与形成条件[J].石油勘探与开发,2011,38(6):641-651.Zou Caineng,Xu Chunchun,Wang Zecheng,et al.Geological charac-teristics and forming conditions of the large platform margin reef-shoalgas province in the Sichuan Basin[J].Petroleum Exploration and De-velopment,2011,38(6):641-651.
[17]谭秀成,罗冰,江兴福,等.四川盆地基底断裂对长兴组生物礁的控制作用研究[J].地质论评,2012,58(2):277-283.Tan Xiucheng,Luo Bing,Jiang Xingfu,et al.Controlling effect ofbasement fault on Changxing Formation reef in Sichuan Basin[J].Geological Review,2012,58(2):277-283.
[18]Li Qiufen,Wang Zecheng,Li Jun,et al.Discovery of Yanting-Tong-nan Trough of Late Permian in Sichuan Basin and its significance[J].Journal of Earth Science,2012,23(4):582-596.
[19]董立,李鹏,陈伟,等.蒙古国塔木察格盆地塔南凹陷西部次凹构造特征分析[J].石油地质与工程,2011,25(3):33-36.Dong Li,Li Peng,Zhang Wei,et al.Tectonic characteristics of Westsubsag of Tanan sag in the Tamsag Basin,Mongolia[J].PetroleumGeology and Engineering,2011,25(3):33-36.
[20]张玺华,陈洪德,侯明才,等.四川盆地西部新场地区须家河组四段9砂组地震沉积学[J].石油与天然气地质,2013,34(1):95-101.Zhang Xihua,Chen Hongde,Hou Mingcai,et al.Seismic sedimentologyof the 9th sand group in the 4th member of the Triassic Xujiahe For-mation in Xinchang area of the western Sichuan Basin[J].Oil&GasGeology,2013,34(1):95-101.
[21]白斌,邹才能,朱如凯,等.四川盆地九龙山构造须二段致密砂岩储层裂缝特征、形成时期与主控因素[J].石油与天然气地质,2012,33(4):526-535.Bai Bin,Zou Caineng,Zhu Rukai,et al.Characteristics,timing andcontrolling factors of structural fractures in tight sandstones of the 2ndmember of Xujiahe Formation in Jiulong Mountain structure,SichuanBasin[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2012,33(4):526-535.
[22]汪泽成,赵文智,门相勇,等.基底断裂“隐性活动”对鄂尔多斯盆地上古生界天然气成藏的作用[J].石油勘探与开发,2005,32(1):9-13.Wang Zecheng,Zhao Wenzhi,Men Xiangyong,et al.Control of base-ment fault minor-activity on gas pool formation of Upper Paleozoic,Ordos Basin[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2005,32(1):9-13.
[23]范柏江,刘成林,庞雄奇,等.渤海湾盆地南堡凹陷断裂系统对油气成藏的控制作用[J].石油与天然气地质,2011,32(2):192-198,206.Fan Bojiang,Liu Chenglin,Pang Xiongqi,et al.Control of fault sys-tem on hydrocarbon accumulation in Nanpu Sag,the Bohai Bay Basin[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2011,32(2):192-198,206.
[24]胡望水,吴婵,梁建设,等.北部湾盆地构造迁移特征及对油气成藏的影响[J].石油与天然气地质,2011,32(6):920-927.Hu Wangshui,Wu Chan,Liang Jianshe,et al.Tectonic transport cha-racteristics and their influences on hydrocarbon accumulation inBeibuwan Basin[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2011,32(6):920-927.
[2]汪泽成,赵文智,张林,等.四川盆地构造层序与天然气勘探[M].北京:地质出版社,2002:6-9.Wang Zecheng,Zhao Wenzhi,Zhang Lin,et al.Tectouic sequenceand gas exploration in Sichuang Basin[M].Beijing:GeocogicalPress,2002:6-9.
[3]李忠权,潘懋,萧德铭,等.四川盆地拉张-挤压构造环境探讨[J].北京大学学报(自然科学版),2001,37(1):87-92.Li Zhongquan,Pan Mao,Xiao Deming,et al.Studies of extension-com-pression tectonic dynamic setting in Sichuan Basin[J].Acta Scien-tiarum Naturalium Universitaris Pekinensis,2001,37(1):87-92.
[4]秦启荣,李乐,苏培东,等.挤压性盆地正断层成因探讨——以川中公山庙构造断裂为例[J].新疆石油地质,2005,26(2):134-136.Qin Qirong,Li Le,Su Peidong,et al.On genesis of complex normalfaults in compressional basin—an example of Gongshanmiao structur-al faulting in middle Sichuan basin[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2005,26(2):134-136.
[5]聂海宽,包书景,高波,等.四川盆地及其周缘上奥陶统—下志留统页岩气成藏体系研究[J].石油实验地质,2012,34(2):115-119.Nie Haikuang,Bao Shujing,Gao Bo,et al.Accumulation system forshale gas from Upper Ordovician to Lower Silurian in Sichuan Basinand surrounding areas[J].Petroleum Geology&Experiment,2012,34(2):115-119.
[6]王英民,童崇光,徐国强,等.川中地区基底断裂的发育特征及成因机制[J].成都地质学院学报,1991,18(3):52-60.Wang Yingmin,Tong Chongguang,Xu Guoqiang,et al.On the cha-racteristics and mechanism of basement faults in central Sichuan Basin[J].Journal of Chengdu College of Geology,1991,18(3):52-60.
[7]汪泽成,赵文智,徐安娜,等.四川盆地北部大巴山山前带构造样式与变形机制[J].现代地质,2006,20(3):429-435.Wang Zecheng,Zhao Wenzhi,Xu Anna,et al.Structure styles andtheir deformation mechanisms of Dabashan foreland thrust in thenorth of Sichuan basin[J].Geoscience,2006,20(3):429-435.
[8]张宇航,汤良杰,云露,等.塔里木盆地巴楚隆起卡拉沙依断层差异构造变形特征及其控制因素[J].石油实验地质,2013,35(3):255-262.Zhang Yuhang,Tang Liangjie,Yun Lu,et al.Features and controllingfactors of differential structural deformation of Kalashayi Fault inBachu Uplift,Tarim Basin[J].Petroleum Geology&Experiment,2013,35(3):255-262.
[9]McClay K,Shaw J H,Suppe J.Thrust fault-related folding[M].AAPG Memoir 94,2011:1-20.
[10]Corredor F,John H,Shaw,et al.Structural styles in the deep-waterfold and thrust belts of Niger Delta[J].AAPG Bulletin,2005,89(6):753-780.
[11]付广,王立志.源断裂在断陷盆地油运聚成藏中的作用研究[J].断块油气田,2011,18(6):686-690.Fu Guang,Wang Lizhi.Effect of source faults in oil migration and ac-cumulation in fault basin[J].Fault-Block Oil&Gas Field,2011,18(6):686-690.
[12]金之钧,龙胜祥,周雁,等.中国南方膏盐岩分布特征[J].石油与天然气地质,2006,27(5):571-593.Jin Zhijun,Long Shengxiang,Zhou Yan,et al.A study on the distri-bution of saline-deposit in southern China[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2006,27(5):571-593.
[13]汪泽成,赵文智,李宗银,等.基底断裂在四川盆地须家河组天然气成藏中的作用[J].石油勘探与开发,2008,35(5):541-547.Wang Zecheng,Zhao Wenzhi,Li Zongyin,et al.Role of basementfaults in gas accumulation of Xujiahe Formation,Sichuan Basin[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2008,35(5):541-547.
[14]冷济高,杨克明,杨宇.川西坳陷孝泉-丰谷构造带须家河组超压与天然气成藏关系研究[J].石油实验地质,2011,33(6):574-579.Leng Jigao,Yang Keming,Yang Yu.Relationship between natural gasaccumulation and overpressure in Xujiahe Formation,Xiaoquan-Feng-gu structural belt,Western Sichuan Depression[J].Petroleum Geolo-gy&Experiment,2011,33(6):574-579.
[15]唐大卿,陈新军,张先平.川东北宣汉-达县地区断裂系统及构造演化[J].石油实验地质,2008,30(1):58-63.Tang Daqing,Chen Xinjun,Zhang Xianping.Fault systems and theirtectonic evolution in Xuanhan-Daxian area,the Northeastern Sichuanbasin[J].Petroleum Geology&Experiment,2008,30(1):58-63.
[16]邹才能,徐春春,汪泽成,等.四川盆地台缘带礁滩大气区地质特征与形成条件[J].石油勘探与开发,2011,38(6):641-651.Zou Caineng,Xu Chunchun,Wang Zecheng,et al.Geological charac-teristics and forming conditions of the large platform margin reef-shoalgas province in the Sichuan Basin[J].Petroleum Exploration and De-velopment,2011,38(6):641-651.
[17]谭秀成,罗冰,江兴福,等.四川盆地基底断裂对长兴组生物礁的控制作用研究[J].地质论评,2012,58(2):277-283.Tan Xiucheng,Luo Bing,Jiang Xingfu,et al.Controlling effect ofbasement fault on Changxing Formation reef in Sichuan Basin[J].Geological Review,2012,58(2):277-283.
[18]Li Qiufen,Wang Zecheng,Li Jun,et al.Discovery of Yanting-Tong-nan Trough of Late Permian in Sichuan Basin and its significance[J].Journal of Earth Science,2012,23(4):582-596.
[19]董立,李鹏,陈伟,等.蒙古国塔木察格盆地塔南凹陷西部次凹构造特征分析[J].石油地质与工程,2011,25(3):33-36.Dong Li,Li Peng,Zhang Wei,et al.Tectonic characteristics of Westsubsag of Tanan sag in the Tamsag Basin,Mongolia[J].PetroleumGeology and Engineering,2011,25(3):33-36.
[20]张玺华,陈洪德,侯明才,等.四川盆地西部新场地区须家河组四段9砂组地震沉积学[J].石油与天然气地质,2013,34(1):95-101.Zhang Xihua,Chen Hongde,Hou Mingcai,et al.Seismic sedimentologyof the 9th sand group in the 4th member of the Triassic Xujiahe For-mation in Xinchang area of the western Sichuan Basin[J].Oil&GasGeology,2013,34(1):95-101.
[21]白斌,邹才能,朱如凯,等.四川盆地九龙山构造须二段致密砂岩储层裂缝特征、形成时期与主控因素[J].石油与天然气地质,2012,33(4):526-535.Bai Bin,Zou Caineng,Zhu Rukai,et al.Characteristics,timing andcontrolling factors of structural fractures in tight sandstones of the 2ndmember of Xujiahe Formation in Jiulong Mountain structure,SichuanBasin[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2012,33(4):526-535.
[22]汪泽成,赵文智,门相勇,等.基底断裂“隐性活动”对鄂尔多斯盆地上古生界天然气成藏的作用[J].石油勘探与开发,2005,32(1):9-13.Wang Zecheng,Zhao Wenzhi,Men Xiangyong,et al.Control of base-ment fault minor-activity on gas pool formation of Upper Paleozoic,Ordos Basin[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2005,32(1):9-13.
[23]范柏江,刘成林,庞雄奇,等.渤海湾盆地南堡凹陷断裂系统对油气成藏的控制作用[J].石油与天然气地质,2011,32(2):192-198,206.Fan Bojiang,Liu Chenglin,Pang Xiongqi,et al.Control of fault sys-tem on hydrocarbon accumulation in Nanpu Sag,the Bohai Bay Basin[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2011,32(2):192-198,206.
[24]胡望水,吴婵,梁建设,等.北部湾盆地构造迁移特征及对油气成藏的影响[J].石油与天然气地质,2011,32(6):920-927.Hu Wangshui,Wu Chan,Liang Jianshe,et al.Tectonic transport cha-racteristics and their influences on hydrocarbon accumulation inBeibuwan Basin[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2011,32(6):920-927.
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