华北中部重力场的动态变化及其强震危险含义
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摘要
基于绝对和相对重力观测获得的区域重力场时、空动态变化,结合区域GPS测量资料与活动构造分析,本文研究了华北中部地区2009—2011年的重力场变化特征,讨论了该区域重力场动态变化的强震危险含义.结果主要表明:(1)华北中部的活动地块边界及部分重要活动断裂带两侧存在较大差异的重力场空间变化;其中,以山西断陷带北东段所在的晋冀蒙交界地区为中心,形成较大面积的重力负值变化区,且沿该区西北缘的NE向岱海—黄旗海断裂带以及东南缘的NNE向太行山山前断裂带附近分别形成重力变化的高梯度带,可能反映这些部位近年的构造或断裂活动显著.(2)不同时段的重力场差分动态演化图像可能反映了近年山西断陷带北东段(京西北盆-岭构造区)及其附近的重力场整体经历了"准均匀→非均匀→断陷带北段侧向显著变化→局部"硬化"的演化过程.(3)研究区重力场的时间累积变化图像可用"区域应力场增强→区域断裂与断块差异运动及变形增强→局部运动受阻"的过程进行解释.(4)研究区的一些重力异常部位存在中-长期强震危险背景.
Based on the spatial-temporal dynamic variation of the regional gravity field from absolute and relative gravity measurements,combined with GPS data and active tectonic analysis,this paper studies the change characteristics of the gravity field in middle north China for the period from 2009 to 2011,and discusses the implication of the dynamic change of the regional gravity field for seismic strong earthquakes.The results show that:(1) The spatial distribution of the gravity field is very different on either side of active block boundaries and some major active faults in middle North China.In the northern portion of the Shanxi graben zone that is centered at the border region among Shanxi,Hebei and Inner Mongolia,the gravity variation shows a great area of negative anomalies,and on the northwestern margin and the southeastern margin of the region,two gradient zones with high gravity differences are present along the NE-trending Daihai-Huangqihai fault zone and the NNE-trending Taihang mountain front fault zone,respectively,apparently suggesting that tectonic activity or active faulting in these two margin areas are significant.(2)The dynamic evolution patterns of the gravity differences of the northern segment of the Shanxi graben zone(or in the basin-and-range province northwest of Beijing) for various periods in the recent years seem to have displayed such a process that the total change of the gravity field may be in the order: quasi-homogeneous—non-homogeneous—significantly various on the bilateral sides of the northern segment of the Shanxi graben zone—locally'hardening'(or changing little).(3) The patterns of the cumulated gravity variation with time can be explained by such a process: strengthening of the regional stress field—strengthening of active faulting and movement or deformation between fault-blocks—the movement being locked somewhere.(4) In the study region,those places with significant gravity anomalies would be localities with mid-and long-term risks of major earthquakes in the future.
Based on the spatial-temporal dynamic variation of the regional gravity field from absolute and relative gravity measurements,combined with GPS data and active tectonic analysis,this paper studies the change characteristics of the gravity field in middle north China for the period from 2009 to 2011,and discusses the implication of the dynamic change of the regional gravity field for seismic strong earthquakes.The results show that:(1) The spatial distribution of the gravity field is very different on either side of active block boundaries and some major active faults in middle North China.In the northern portion of the Shanxi graben zone that is centered at the border region among Shanxi,Hebei and Inner Mongolia,the gravity variation shows a great area of negative anomalies,and on the northwestern margin and the southeastern margin of the region,two gradient zones with high gravity differences are present along the NE-trending Daihai-Huangqihai fault zone and the NNE-trending Taihang mountain front fault zone,respectively,apparently suggesting that tectonic activity or active faulting in these two margin areas are significant.(2)The dynamic evolution patterns of the gravity differences of the northern segment of the Shanxi graben zone(or in the basin-and-range province northwest of Beijing) for various periods in the recent years seem to have displayed such a process that the total change of the gravity field may be in the order: quasi-homogeneous—non-homogeneous—significantly various on the bilateral sides of the northern segment of the Shanxi graben zone—locally'hardening'(or changing little).(3) The patterns of the cumulated gravity variation with time can be explained by such a process: strengthening of the regional stress field—strengthening of active faulting and movement or deformation between fault-blocks—the movement being locked somewhere.(4) In the study region,those places with significant gravity anomalies would be localities with mid-and long-term risks of major earthquakes in the future.
引文
[1]张国民,马宏生,王辉等.中国大陆活动地块边界带与强震活动.地球物理学报,2005,48(3):602-610.Zhang G M,Ma H S,Wang H,et al.Boundaries betweenactive-tectonic blocks and strong earthquakes in the Chinamainland.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2005,48(3):602-610.
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[11]祝意青,江在森,陈兵等.南北地震带和青藏块体东部重力场演化与地震特征.中国地震,2001,17(1):56-69.Zhu Y Q,Jiang Z S,Chen B,et al.Study on evolution ofgravity field and earthquake prediction in the North-southseismic belt and the Eastern Qinghai-Xizang block.EarthquakeResearch in China(in Chinese),2001,17(1):56-69.
[12]祝意青,郭树松,刘芳.攀枝花6.1、姚安6.0级地震前后区域重力场变化.大地测量与地球动力学,2010,30(4):8-11,18.Zhu Y Q,Guo S S,Liu F.Variation of gravity field beforeand after Panzhihua Ms6.1and Yaoan Ms6.0earthquake.Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics(in Chinese),2010,30(4):8-11,18.
[13]祝意青,胡斌,李辉等.新疆地区重力变化与伽师6.8级地震.大地测量与地球动力学,2003,23(3):66-69.Zhu Y Q,Hu B,Li H,et al.Variation of gravity field ofXinjiang area and Jiashi Ms6.8 earthquake.Journal ofGeodesy and Geodynamics(in Chinese),2003,23(3):66-69.
[14]祝意青,梁伟锋,徐云马.重力资料对2008年汶川Ms8.0地震的中期预测.国际地震动态,2008,(7):36-39.Zhu Y Q,Liang W F,Xu Y M.Medium-term prediction ofMs8.0earthquake in Wenchuan,Sichuan by mobile gravity.Recent Developments in World Seismology(in Chinese),2008,(7):36-39.
[15]祝意青,徐云马,梁伟锋.2008年新疆于田Ms7.3地震的中期预测.大地测量与地球动力学,2008,28(5):13-15,132.Zhu Y Q,Xu Y M,Liang W F.Medium-term prediction ofYutian,Xinjiang Ms7.3earthquake in 2008.Journal ofGeodesy and Geodynamics(in Chinese),2008,28(5):13-15,132.
[16]张培震,邓起东,张国民.中国大陆活动地块与强震.中国科学D辑,2002,32(增刊):5-11.Zhang P Z,Deng Q D,Zhang G M,et al.Active blocks andstrong earthquakes in mainland China.Science in China(Series D)(in Chinese),2002,32(Suppl.):5-11.
[17]徐杰,高战武,宋长青等.太行山山前断裂带的构造特征.地震地质,2000,22(2):111-122.Xu J,Gao Z W,Song C Q,et al.The structural charactersof the piedmont fault zone of Taihang mountain.Seismologyand Geology(in Chinese),2000,22(2):111-122.
[18]邓起东,米仓伸之,徐锡伟等.山西高原六棱山北麓断裂晚第四纪运动学特征初步研究.地震地质,1994,16(4):339-343.Deng Q D,Nobuyuki Y,Xu X W,et al.Study on the lateQuaternary kinematics of the northern piedmont fault of theLiuleng mountain.Seismology and Geology(in Chinese),1994,16(4):339-343.
[19]李辉,徐如刚,申重阳等.大华北地震动态重力监测网分形特征研究.大地测量与地球动力学,2010,30(5):15-18.Li H,Xu R G,Shen C Y,et al.Fractal characteristics ofseismological dynamic gravity network in northern China.Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics(in Chinese),2010,30(5):15-18.
[20]马宗晋,高祥林,宋正范.中国布格重力异常水平梯度图的判读和构造解释.地球物理学报,2006,49(1):106-114.Ma Z J,Gao X L,Song Z F.Analysis and tectonicinterpretation to the horizontal-gradient map calculated fromBouguer gravity data in the China mainland.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2006,49(1):106-114.
[21]邓起东,陈绍平,闵伟等.鄂尔多斯块体新生代构造活动和动力学的讨论.地质力学学报,1999,5(3):13-21.Deng Q D,Chen S P,Min W,et al.Discussion on Cenozoictectonics and dynamics of Ordos black.Journal of Geomechanics(in Chinese),1999,5(3):13-21.
[22]马宗晋.华北地壳的多(应力集中)点场与地震.地震地质,1980,2(1):39-48.Ma Z J.Multipoints(concentrated)stress field andearthquakes in north China crust.Seismology and Geology(in Chinese),1980,2(1):39-48.
[23]韩月萍,陈阜超,杨国华等.华北北部地区现今地壳垂直形变特征与地震危险性分析.大地测量与地球动力学,2010,30(2):25-28.Han Y P,Chen F C,Yang G H,et al.Characteristics ofpresent-day crust vertical deformation and earthquake riskanalyzes in Northern area of North China.Journal ofGeodesy and Geodynamics(in Chinese),2010,30(2):25-28.
[24]孙和平.重力场的时间变化与地球动力学.中国科学院院刊,2004,19(3):189-193.Sun H P.Temporal variation of gravity field andgeodynamics.Bulletin of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(in Chinese),2004,19(3):189-193.
[25]王勇,张为民,詹金刚等.重复绝对重力测量观测到的滇西地区和拉萨点的重力变化及其意义.地球物理学报,2004,47(1):95-100.Wang Y,Zhang W M,Zhan J G,et al.Gravity changedetected by repeated absolute gravity measurements in thewestern Yunnan and Lasha,China and its implication.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2004,47(1):95-100.
[26]张赤军,刘根友,方剑.断层活动引起的重力效应.地壳形变与地震,1994,14(1):9-16.Zhang C J,Liu G Y,Fang J.The gravity effects of faultactivity.Crustal Deformation and Earthquake(in Chinese),1994,14(1):9-16.
[27]M7专项工作组.中国大陆大地震中-长期危险性研究.北京:地震出版社,2012.Working Group of M7.Study on the Mid-Long-TermPotential of Large Earthquakes on the Chinese Continent(inChinese).Beijing:Seismological Press,2012.
[28]郭良迁,占伟,杨国华等.山西断陷带的近期位移和应变率特征.大地测量与地球动力学,2010,30(4):36-42.Guo L Q,Zhan W,Yang G H,et al.Short-termdisplacement and characteristics of strain rate of Shanxi faultsubsidence zone.Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics(inChinese),2010,30(4):36-42.
[2]祝意青,梁伟锋,李辉等.中国大陆重力场变化及其引起的地球动力学特征.武汉大学学报(信息科学版),2007,32(3):246-250.Zhu Y Q,Liang W F,Li H,et al.On gravity field variationsand geodynamic characteristics in Mainland of China.Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University(inChinese),2007,32(3):246-250.
[3]祝意青,梁伟锋,湛飞并等.中国大陆重力场动态变化研究.地球物理学报,2012,55(3):804-813.Zhu Y Q,Liang W F,Zhan F B,et al.Study on dynamicchange of gravity field in China continent.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2012,55(3):804-813.
[4]Zhan F,Zhu Y Q,Ning J S,et al.Gravity changes beforelarge earthquakes in China:1998—2005.Geo-SpatialInformation Science,2011,14(1):1-9.
[5]Zhu Y,Zhan F B,Zhou J,et al.Gravity measurements andtheir variations before the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake.Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,2010,100(5B):2815-2824.
[6]Chen Y T,Gu H D,Lu Z X.Variations of gravity before andafter the Haicheng earthquake,1975,and the Tangshanearthquake,1976.Physics of the Earth and PlanetaryInteriors,1979,18(4):330-338.
[7]Imanishi Y,Sato T,Higashi T,et al.A network ofsuperconducting gravimeters detects submicrogal coseismicgravity changes.Science,2004,306(5695):476-478.
[8]Kuo J T,Zheng J H,Song S H,et al.Determination ofearthquake epicentroids by inversion of gravity variation datain the BTTZ region,China.Tectonophysics,1999,312(2-4):267-281.
[9]贾民育,詹洁辉.中国地震重力监测体系的结构与能力.地震学报,2000,22(4):360-367.Jia M Y,Zhan J H.The structure and ability of the Chinaseismological gravity monitoring system.Acta SeismologicaSinica(in Chinese),2000,22(4):360-367.
[10]祝意青,李辉,朱桂芝等.青藏块体东北缘重力场演化与地震活动.地震学报,2004,26(增):71-78.Zhu Y Q,Li H,Zhu G Z,et al.Gravity evolution andearthquake activities of the northeastern edge of Qinghai-Tibet Block.Acta Seismologica Sinica(in Chinese),2004,17(Suppl.):71-78.
[11]祝意青,江在森,陈兵等.南北地震带和青藏块体东部重力场演化与地震特征.中国地震,2001,17(1):56-69.Zhu Y Q,Jiang Z S,Chen B,et al.Study on evolution ofgravity field and earthquake prediction in the North-southseismic belt and the Eastern Qinghai-Xizang block.EarthquakeResearch in China(in Chinese),2001,17(1):56-69.
[12]祝意青,郭树松,刘芳.攀枝花6.1、姚安6.0级地震前后区域重力场变化.大地测量与地球动力学,2010,30(4):8-11,18.Zhu Y Q,Guo S S,Liu F.Variation of gravity field beforeand after Panzhihua Ms6.1and Yaoan Ms6.0earthquake.Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics(in Chinese),2010,30(4):8-11,18.
[13]祝意青,胡斌,李辉等.新疆地区重力变化与伽师6.8级地震.大地测量与地球动力学,2003,23(3):66-69.Zhu Y Q,Hu B,Li H,et al.Variation of gravity field ofXinjiang area and Jiashi Ms6.8 earthquake.Journal ofGeodesy and Geodynamics(in Chinese),2003,23(3):66-69.
[14]祝意青,梁伟锋,徐云马.重力资料对2008年汶川Ms8.0地震的中期预测.国际地震动态,2008,(7):36-39.Zhu Y Q,Liang W F,Xu Y M.Medium-term prediction ofMs8.0earthquake in Wenchuan,Sichuan by mobile gravity.Recent Developments in World Seismology(in Chinese),2008,(7):36-39.
[15]祝意青,徐云马,梁伟锋.2008年新疆于田Ms7.3地震的中期预测.大地测量与地球动力学,2008,28(5):13-15,132.Zhu Y Q,Xu Y M,Liang W F.Medium-term prediction ofYutian,Xinjiang Ms7.3earthquake in 2008.Journal ofGeodesy and Geodynamics(in Chinese),2008,28(5):13-15,132.
[16]张培震,邓起东,张国民.中国大陆活动地块与强震.中国科学D辑,2002,32(增刊):5-11.Zhang P Z,Deng Q D,Zhang G M,et al.Active blocks andstrong earthquakes in mainland China.Science in China(Series D)(in Chinese),2002,32(Suppl.):5-11.
[17]徐杰,高战武,宋长青等.太行山山前断裂带的构造特征.地震地质,2000,22(2):111-122.Xu J,Gao Z W,Song C Q,et al.The structural charactersof the piedmont fault zone of Taihang mountain.Seismologyand Geology(in Chinese),2000,22(2):111-122.
[18]邓起东,米仓伸之,徐锡伟等.山西高原六棱山北麓断裂晚第四纪运动学特征初步研究.地震地质,1994,16(4):339-343.Deng Q D,Nobuyuki Y,Xu X W,et al.Study on the lateQuaternary kinematics of the northern piedmont fault of theLiuleng mountain.Seismology and Geology(in Chinese),1994,16(4):339-343.
[19]李辉,徐如刚,申重阳等.大华北地震动态重力监测网分形特征研究.大地测量与地球动力学,2010,30(5):15-18.Li H,Xu R G,Shen C Y,et al.Fractal characteristics ofseismological dynamic gravity network in northern China.Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics(in Chinese),2010,30(5):15-18.
[20]马宗晋,高祥林,宋正范.中国布格重力异常水平梯度图的判读和构造解释.地球物理学报,2006,49(1):106-114.Ma Z J,Gao X L,Song Z F.Analysis and tectonicinterpretation to the horizontal-gradient map calculated fromBouguer gravity data in the China mainland.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2006,49(1):106-114.
[21]邓起东,陈绍平,闵伟等.鄂尔多斯块体新生代构造活动和动力学的讨论.地质力学学报,1999,5(3):13-21.Deng Q D,Chen S P,Min W,et al.Discussion on Cenozoictectonics and dynamics of Ordos black.Journal of Geomechanics(in Chinese),1999,5(3):13-21.
[22]马宗晋.华北地壳的多(应力集中)点场与地震.地震地质,1980,2(1):39-48.Ma Z J.Multipoints(concentrated)stress field andearthquakes in north China crust.Seismology and Geology(in Chinese),1980,2(1):39-48.
[23]韩月萍,陈阜超,杨国华等.华北北部地区现今地壳垂直形变特征与地震危险性分析.大地测量与地球动力学,2010,30(2):25-28.Han Y P,Chen F C,Yang G H,et al.Characteristics ofpresent-day crust vertical deformation and earthquake riskanalyzes in Northern area of North China.Journal ofGeodesy and Geodynamics(in Chinese),2010,30(2):25-28.
[24]孙和平.重力场的时间变化与地球动力学.中国科学院院刊,2004,19(3):189-193.Sun H P.Temporal variation of gravity field andgeodynamics.Bulletin of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(in Chinese),2004,19(3):189-193.
[25]王勇,张为民,詹金刚等.重复绝对重力测量观测到的滇西地区和拉萨点的重力变化及其意义.地球物理学报,2004,47(1):95-100.Wang Y,Zhang W M,Zhan J G,et al.Gravity changedetected by repeated absolute gravity measurements in thewestern Yunnan and Lasha,China and its implication.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2004,47(1):95-100.
[26]张赤军,刘根友,方剑.断层活动引起的重力效应.地壳形变与地震,1994,14(1):9-16.Zhang C J,Liu G Y,Fang J.The gravity effects of faultactivity.Crustal Deformation and Earthquake(in Chinese),1994,14(1):9-16.
[27]M7专项工作组.中国大陆大地震中-长期危险性研究.北京:地震出版社,2012.Working Group of M7.Study on the Mid-Long-TermPotential of Large Earthquakes on the Chinese Continent(inChinese).Beijing:Seismological Press,2012.
[28]郭良迁,占伟,杨国华等.山西断陷带的近期位移和应变率特征.大地测量与地球动力学,2010,30(4):36-42.Guo L Q,Zhan W,Yang G H,et al.Short-termdisplacement and characteristics of strain rate of Shanxi faultsubsidence zone.Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics(inChinese),2010,30(4):36-42.
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