翠华山山崩地质遗迹景观离散元数值模拟
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摘要
城市地质遗迹景观调查研究是城市地质工作的一项重要内容,而探索地质遗迹景观的成因则是挖掘其科学价值和实施保护措施的关键问题。以中国"山崩奇观"的翠华山山崩为研究对象,采用典型天然地震记录作为地震输入条件,借助离散元动力分析模块,对翠华山山崩的动力响应规律进行了数值模拟,再现了地震山崩的启动、加速、解体、堆积的全过程。研究结果表明:地震惯性力作用使山体质点加速度和速度产生放大效应,特别是山体顶部的动力放大效应最为显著,加速度放大系数达2.0;翠花山山崩具有高速远程的特点,其前缘的崩塌体最大水平速度达44m·s-1,崩落水平距离达460m,堵塞沟谷形成堰塞湖;地震山崩的整个破坏过程包括4个阶段,分别为启动阶段、加速阶段、减速阶段和堆积阶段。
It is very important to investigate geological relics landscapes for urban geological work.The Cuihua rock avalanche is a marvellous spectacle of seismic avalanches in China.Based on dynamic discrete element method,the dynamic response and failure process are simulated under a typical natural earthquake loading.The failure process of Cuihua rock avalanche is reproduced with the numerical simulation.The following results are obtained.Firstly,the amplification effect of velocity and acceleration is the reason of earthquake inertia force.The maximum magnification factor reaches 2.0 on the top of slope.Secondly,high speed and long run out are the characteristic of the rock avalanche.The results shown the maximum horizontal velocity reaches up to 44m·s-1 and the horizontal movement distance for some rocks reaches 460m at the front of the rock avalanche.Thirdly,the whole failure process include four stages: starting up stage,accelerating stage,decelerating stage and accumulation stage.
It is very important to investigate geological relics landscapes for urban geological work.The Cuihua rock avalanche is a marvellous spectacle of seismic avalanches in China.Based on dynamic discrete element method,the dynamic response and failure process are simulated under a typical natural earthquake loading.The failure process of Cuihua rock avalanche is reproduced with the numerical simulation.The following results are obtained.Firstly,the amplification effect of velocity and acceleration is the reason of earthquake inertia force.The maximum magnification factor reaches 2.0 on the top of slope.Secondly,high speed and long run out are the characteristic of the rock avalanche.The results shown the maximum horizontal velocity reaches up to 44m·s-1 and the horizontal movement distance for some rocks reaches 460m at the front of the rock avalanche.Thirdly,the whole failure process include four stages: starting up stage,accelerating stage,decelerating stage and accumulation stage.
引文
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[14]Itasca Consulting Group Inc.Universal Distinct Element Code:Theory and Background.Minneapolis:Itasca Consulting Group,Inc,2005.
[2]祁生文,伍法权,刘春玲,等.地震边坡稳定性的工程地质分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(16):2792～2797.Qi Shengwen,Wu Faquan,Liu Chunling,et al.Engineering geologyanalysis on stability of slope under earthquake.Chinese Journal ofRock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(16):2792～2797.
[3]刘红帅,薄景山,刘德东.岩土边坡地震稳定性分析研究评述[J].地震工程与工程振动,2005,25(1):164～171.Liu Hongshuai,Bo Jingshan,Liu Dedong.Review on study ofseismic stability analysis of rock-soil slopes.EarthquakeEngineering and Engineering Vibration,2005,25(1):164～171.
[4]崔芳鹏,许强,谭儒蛟,等.地震动力作用触发的斜坡崩滑效应模拟[J].同济大学学报(自然科学版),2011,39(3):445～450.Cui Fangpeng,Xu Qiang,Tan Rujiao,et al.Numerical simulationof collapsing and sliding response of slope triggered by seismicdynamic action.Journal of Tongji University(Natural Science),2011,39(3):445～450.
[5]崔芳鹏,胡瑞林,殷跃平,等.纵横波时差耦合作用的斜坡崩滑效应离散元分析——以北川唐家山滑坡为例[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(2):319～327.Cui Fangpeng,Hu Ruilin,Yin Yueping,et al.Discrete elementanalysis of collapsing and sliding response of slop triggered by timedifference coupling effects of P and S seismic waves-takingTangjiashan landslide in Beichuan county for example.ChineseJournal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2010,29(2):319～327.
[6]谭儒蛟,李明生,徐鹏逍,等.地震作用下边坡岩体动力稳定性数值模拟[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(增2):3986～3992.Tan Rujiao,Li Mingsheng,Xu Pengxia,et al.Numericalsimulation of dynamic stability of slope rock mass under seismicloading.Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(S2):3986～3992.
[7]周维垣.高等岩石力学[M].北京:水利电力出版社,1990.Zhou Weiyuan.Higher Rock Mechanics.Beijing:Water Resourcesand Electric Power Publishing House,1990.
[8]张倬元,王士天,王兰生.工程地质分析原理[M].北京:地质出版社,1993.Zhang Zhuoyuan,Wang Shitian,Wang Lansheng.Analytical Theoryof Engineering Geology.Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1993.
[9]胡光韬.滑坡动力[M].北京:地质出版社,1995.Hu Guangtao.Dynamic Landslide.Beijing:Geological PublishingHouse,1995.
[10]毛彦龙,湖广韬,毛新虎,等.地震滑坡启程剧动的机理研究及离散元模拟[J].工程地质学报,2001,9(1):74～80.Mao Yanlong,Hu Guangtao,Mao Xinhu,et al.Mechanism of set-out violent-slide of slope mass during earthquake and its simulationby using discrete element method.Journal of Engineering Geology,2001,9(1):74～80.
[11]Keefer DK.Rock avalanches caused by earthquakes-sourcecharacteristics[J].Science,1984,223(4642):1288～1290.
[12]Bhasin R,Kaynia AM.Static and dynamic simulation of a 700mhigh rock slope in western Norway[J].Engineering Geology,2000,71:213～226.
[13]Qi Shengwen,Xu Qiang,Zhang Bing,et al.Source characteristicsof long runout rock avalanches triggered by the 2008 Wenchuanearthquake,China[J].Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,2011,40(4):896～906.
[14]Itasca Consulting Group Inc.Universal Distinct Element Code:Theory and Background.Minneapolis:Itasca Consulting Group,Inc,2005.
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