中国大陆14次强震前电离层异常统计分析
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摘要
地震电离层扰动规律统计分析对开展地震监测、预测意义重大。利用四分位数法对中国大陆地区14次Ms≥7.0地震前电离层foF2进行了统计,进一步证实了地震电离层异常的存在,并分析了地震电离层异常扰动的时间、空间分布规律以及扰动形态特点,给出电离层foF2扰动与地震各要素之间的关系。统计结果表明:85.7%(12次)的地震在震前出现电离层异常,并且大部分分布在震前7天以内的11∶00LT～17∶00LT;此外,电离层foF2扰动幅度与即将发生的地震震级、震源深度、震中距离存在不同程度的相关性。
The statistical analysis of seismo-ionospheric perturbation is of significance to earthquake monitoring and prediction.We investigate the pre-earthquake ionosphere foF2 associated with 14 Ms≥7.0 earthquakes that occurred in Chinese subcontinent by quartile method,which confirms the existence of seismo-ionospheric perturbation.We analyze the distribution and morphology of these ionospheric disturbances to obtain the connection between the ionospheric disturbances and the earthquakes.Results show that the ionospheric anomalies appear prevailingly during 11∶00LT～17∶00LT within 7 days prior to 85.7%(12 earthquakes) of the 14 earthquakes.In addition,the ionospheric abnormal amplitude has some relationship with the magnitude,depth and distance of the forthcoming earthquake.
The statistical analysis of seismo-ionospheric perturbation is of significance to earthquake monitoring and prediction.We investigate the pre-earthquake ionosphere foF2 associated with 14 Ms≥7.0 earthquakes that occurred in Chinese subcontinent by quartile method,which confirms the existence of seismo-ionospheric perturbation.We analyze the distribution and morphology of these ionospheric disturbances to obtain the connection between the ionospheric disturbances and the earthquakes.Results show that the ionospheric anomalies appear prevailingly during 11∶00LT～17∶00LT within 7 days prior to 85.7%(12 earthquakes) of the 14 earthquakes.In addition,the ionospheric abnormal amplitude has some relationship with the magnitude,depth and distance of the forthcoming earthquake.
引文
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[11]DABAS R S,RUPESH M D,SHARMA K,et al.I-onospheric precursors observed over low latitudesduring some of the recent major earthquakes[J].JAtmos Solar-Terr Phys,2007,69(15):1813-1824.
[12]SINGH O P,CHAUHAN V,SINGH V,et al.A-nomalous variation in total electron content(TEC)as-sociated with earthquakes in India during September2006-November 2007[J].J Phys Chem Earth,2009,34(6/7):479-484.
[13]HEGAI V V,KIM V P,LIU J Y.The IonosphericEffect of atmospheric gravity waves excited prior tostrong earthquakes[J].Adv Space Res,2006,37(4):653-659.
[14]TSOLIS G S,XENOS T D.A qualitative study ofthe seismo-ionospheric precursors prior to the 6April2009earthquake in L'Aquila.Italy[J].Nat HazardsEarth Syst Sci,2010(10):133-137.doi:10.5194/nhess-10-133-2010.
[15]SHALIMOV S L,GOKHBERG M B.Lithosphere-ionosphere coupling mechanism and its application tothe earthquake in Iran on June 20,1990:interpreta-tion of its ionosphere effects[J].J Earthquake PredRes,1998,7:98-111.
[16]OMORI Y.Preseismic alteration of atmospheric elec-trical conditions due to anomalous radon emanation[J].J Phys Chen Earth,2008,34(6/7):435-440.
[17]XU T,HU Y L,WU J,et al.Abnormal perturba-tions in the ionospheric F2Region before Wenchuanearthquake on 12 May 2008[J].Sci China(EarthSci),2010,53(11):1671-1674.
[18]XU T,HU Y L,WU J,et al.Giant disturbance inthe ionospheric F2region prior to the M8.0 Wen-chuan earthquake on 12May 2008[J].Ann Geophys-icae,2010,28(8):1533-1538.
[19]丁宗华,吴健,孙树计,等.汶川大地震前电离层参量的变化特征与分析[J].地球物理学报,2010,53(1):30-38.DING Zonghua,WU Jian,SUN Shuji,et al.Thevariation of ionosphere on some days before the Wen-chuan earthquake[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics2010,53(1):30-38.(in Chinese)
[20]卓裕荣.电离层地震前兆之研究[D].台湾中坜:国立中央大学,2002年.CHUO Yurong.Study on Seismo-ionospheric Precur-sor[D].Chungli Taiwan:National Central Universi-ty,2002.(in Chinese)
[21]XU T,WU Z S,WU J,et al.Solar cycle variation ofthe monthly median foF2at Chongqing station[J].Adv Space Res,2008,42(1):213-218.
[22]MIKHAILOV A V,DEPUEVA A K,LESCHIN-SKAYA T Y.Morphology of quiet time F2-layer dis-turbances:high to lower latitudes[J].Int J GeomagnAeron,2003(5):GI1006.doi:10.1029/2003GI000058.
[23]PULINETS S.Ionospheric precursors of earthquakes:recent advances in theory and practical applications[J].TAO,2004,15(3):413-435.
[24]MIKHAILOV Y M,MIKHAILOV G A,KAPUSTI-NA O V,et al.Variations of power spectra of electricfield of the near-ground atmosphere on Kamchatka[J].Geomagn Aeron,2003,4(3):422-428.
[25]RULENKO O P.Operative precursors of earthquakesin the electricity of near-earth atmosphere[J].Voka-nol Seismol,2000(4):57-68.
[2]ZHAO B Q,WANG M,YU T,et al.Is an unusuallarge enhancement of ionospheric electron densitylinked with the 2008great Wenchuan earthquake?[J].J Geophys Res,2008,113(A11304).doi:10.1029/2008JA013613.
[3]PULINETS S A,BONDUR V G.,TSIDILINA M N,et al.Verification of the concept of seismo-ionosphericcoupling under quiet helio-geomagnetic conditions u-sing the Wenchuan(China)earthquake of May 12,2008,as an example[J].Geomagn Aeron,2010,50(2):231-242.
[4]ZHOU Y Y,Wu Y,QIAO X J.Ionospheric anomaliesdetected by ground-based GPS before the Mw 7.9Wenchuan earthquake of May 12,2008,China[J].JAtmos Solar-Terr Phys,2009,71(8/9):959-966.
[5]张学民,申旭辉,欧阳新艳,等.汶川8级地震前空间电离层VLF电场异常现象[J].电波科学学报,2009,24(6):1024-1032.ZHANG Xuemin,SHEN Xuhui,OUYANG Xiayan,et al.Ionosphere VLF electric field anomalies beforeWenchuan M8earthquake[J].Chinese Journal of Ra-dio Science,2009,24(6):1024-1032.(in Chinese)
[6]BARNES R A,LEONARD R S.Observations of ion-ospheric disturbances following the Alaska earthquake[J].J Geophys Res,1965,70(9):1250-1253.
[7]FURUMOTO A S,PROLSS G W,WEAVER P F,etal.Acoustic coupling into the ionosphere from seismicwaves of the earthquake at Kuile islands on August 11,1969[J].Nature,1971,226(5252):1239-1241.doi:10.1038/2261239a0.
[8]HSIA C C,LIU J Y,OYAMA K I,et al.Ionosphericelectron density anomaly prior to the December 26,2006M7.0Pingtung earthquake doublet observed byFORMOSAT-3/COSMIC[J].Phys Chem Earth,2009,34(6/7):474-478.
[9]LIU J Y,TSAI Y B,CHEN S W,et al.Giant iono-spheric disturbances excited by the M9.3Sumatraearthquake of 26December 2004[J].Geophys ResLet,33:L02103.doi:10.1029/2005GL023963.
[10]LIU J Y,CHEN Y I,CHUO Y J.A Statistical in-vestigation of pre-earthquake ionospheric anomaly[J].J Geophys Res,2006,111:A05304.doi:10.1029/2005JA 011333.
[11]DABAS R S,RUPESH M D,SHARMA K,et al.I-onospheric precursors observed over low latitudesduring some of the recent major earthquakes[J].JAtmos Solar-Terr Phys,2007,69(15):1813-1824.
[12]SINGH O P,CHAUHAN V,SINGH V,et al.A-nomalous variation in total electron content(TEC)as-sociated with earthquakes in India during September2006-November 2007[J].J Phys Chem Earth,2009,34(6/7):479-484.
[13]HEGAI V V,KIM V P,LIU J Y.The IonosphericEffect of atmospheric gravity waves excited prior tostrong earthquakes[J].Adv Space Res,2006,37(4):653-659.
[14]TSOLIS G S,XENOS T D.A qualitative study ofthe seismo-ionospheric precursors prior to the 6April2009earthquake in L'Aquila.Italy[J].Nat HazardsEarth Syst Sci,2010(10):133-137.doi:10.5194/nhess-10-133-2010.
[15]SHALIMOV S L,GOKHBERG M B.Lithosphere-ionosphere coupling mechanism and its application tothe earthquake in Iran on June 20,1990:interpreta-tion of its ionosphere effects[J].J Earthquake PredRes,1998,7:98-111.
[16]OMORI Y.Preseismic alteration of atmospheric elec-trical conditions due to anomalous radon emanation[J].J Phys Chen Earth,2008,34(6/7):435-440.
[17]XU T,HU Y L,WU J,et al.Abnormal perturba-tions in the ionospheric F2Region before Wenchuanearthquake on 12 May 2008[J].Sci China(EarthSci),2010,53(11):1671-1674.
[18]XU T,HU Y L,WU J,et al.Giant disturbance inthe ionospheric F2region prior to the M8.0 Wen-chuan earthquake on 12May 2008[J].Ann Geophys-icae,2010,28(8):1533-1538.
[19]丁宗华,吴健,孙树计,等.汶川大地震前电离层参量的变化特征与分析[J].地球物理学报,2010,53(1):30-38.DING Zonghua,WU Jian,SUN Shuji,et al.Thevariation of ionosphere on some days before the Wen-chuan earthquake[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics2010,53(1):30-38.(in Chinese)
[20]卓裕荣.电离层地震前兆之研究[D].台湾中坜:国立中央大学,2002年.CHUO Yurong.Study on Seismo-ionospheric Precur-sor[D].Chungli Taiwan:National Central Universi-ty,2002.(in Chinese)
[21]XU T,WU Z S,WU J,et al.Solar cycle variation ofthe monthly median foF2at Chongqing station[J].Adv Space Res,2008,42(1):213-218.
[22]MIKHAILOV A V,DEPUEVA A K,LESCHIN-SKAYA T Y.Morphology of quiet time F2-layer dis-turbances:high to lower latitudes[J].Int J GeomagnAeron,2003(5):GI1006.doi:10.1029/2003GI000058.
[23]PULINETS S.Ionospheric precursors of earthquakes:recent advances in theory and practical applications[J].TAO,2004,15(3):413-435.
[24]MIKHAILOV Y M,MIKHAILOV G A,KAPUSTI-NA O V,et al.Variations of power spectra of electricfield of the near-ground atmosphere on Kamchatka[J].Geomagn Aeron,2003,4(3):422-428.
[25]RULENKO O P.Operative precursors of earthquakesin the electricity of near-earth atmosphere[J].Voka-nol Seismol,2000(4):57-68.
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