长白山及邻区地壳、上地幔顶部三维速度结构
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摘要
根据沿长白山布设的宽频带流动地震台站及吉林省地震台网所记录的近震P波走时数据,利用层析成像方法对长白山及邻区(39°N-45°N、122°E-130°E)深至40km的地壳和上地幔顶部三维速度结构进行了研究。结果表明:地震的发生和分布多集中于断裂等复杂地质构造。利用较高分辨率的地壳、上地幔顶部三维速度结构证实了长白山火山区岩浆囊存在,并推测岩浆囊的位置位于火山口的西南方向,深度为10～40km。壳内岩浆囊分布对进一步解释、认识火山灾害提供了重要的深部信息。
According to the travel time data of P-arrivals recorded by seismic networks array along the Changbai Mountain and the permanent stations of Jilin Province,the 3D P-wave velocity structure of the crust and upper mantle down to 40 km depth beneath Changbai volcano and its adjacent areas(39°N-45°N,122°E-130°E) is reconstructed by seismic tomography method.The result shows that earthquake occurrence and distribution is focused on fault and other geological structures.We prove the existence of magma systems and guess that magma systems is located in the southwest of the crater,a depth of 10 to 40 km by three-dimension high resolution P-wave velocity structure in the crust and upper mantle.The presence and distribution of magma systems in the crust provides important evidence for further explaining and understanding of volcano activity.
According to the travel time data of P-arrivals recorded by seismic networks array along the Changbai Mountain and the permanent stations of Jilin Province,the 3D P-wave velocity structure of the crust and upper mantle down to 40 km depth beneath Changbai volcano and its adjacent areas(39°N-45°N,122°E-130°E) is reconstructed by seismic tomography method.The result shows that earthquake occurrence and distribution is focused on fault and other geological structures.We prove the existence of magma systems and guess that magma systems is located in the southwest of the crater,a depth of 10 to 40 km by three-dimension high resolution P-wave velocity structure in the crust and upper mantle.The presence and distribution of magma systems in the crust provides important evidence for further explaining and understanding of volcano activity.
引文
[1]吕政,杨清福,张恒荣,等.长白山天池火山地震活动与西北太平洋俯冲带内中深源地震关系的研究[J].地震地质,2007,29(3):470-479.LüZheng,Yang Qingfu,Zhang Hengrong,et al.Study of the Relationship Between Changbaishan Tian-chi Volcanic Seismic Activity and Deep Earthquakes inthe Northwest Pacific Subduction Zone[J].Seismologyand Geology,2007,29(3):470-479.
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[3]刘若新,李继泰,魏海泉,等.长白山天池火山——一座具潜在喷发危险的近代火山[J].地球物理学报,1992,35(5):661-665.Liu Ruoxin,Li Jitai,Wei Haiquan,et al.Volcano atTianchi Lake,Changbaishan:A Modern Volcano withPotial Danger of Eruption[J].Chinese Journal of Geo-physics,1992,35(5):661-665.
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[6]张恒荣,刘国明,武成智,等.长白山天池火山监测与火山活动状态的初步分析[J].地震地质,2003,25(增刊):109-120.Zhang Hengrong,Liu Guoming,Wu Chengzhi,et al.Preliminary Study on the Active State of ChangbaishanTianchi Volcano[J].Seismology and Geology,2003,25(Sup.):109-120.
[7]吴建平,明跃红,张恒荣,等.2002年夏季长白山天池火山区的地震活动研究[J].地球物理学报,2005,48(3):621-628.Wu Jianping,Ming Yuehong,Zhang Hengrong,et al.Seismic Activity at the Chanbaishan Tianchi Volcano inthe Summer of 2002[J].Chinese Journal of Geophy-sics,2005,48(3):621-628.
[8]刘国明,张恒荣,孔庆军.长白山天池火山区的地震活动特征分析[J].地震地质,2006,28(3):503-508.Liu Guoming,Zhang Hengrong,Kong Qingjun.Analy-sis of the Seismic Activity at the Changbaishan TianchiVolcano[J].Seismology and Geology,2006,28(3):503-508.
[9]吴建平,明跃红,张恒荣,等.长白山天池火山区的震群活动研究[J].地球物理学报,2007,50(4):1089-1096.Wu Jianping,Ming Yuehong,Zhang Hengrong,et al.Earthquake Swarm Activity in Changbaishan TianchiVolcano[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2007,50(4):1089-1096.
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[11]马明志,张兴科,侯立平.长白山天池火山地震类型与地震分布[J].地震地磁观测与研究,1996,17(6):39-44.Ma Mingzhi,Zhang Xingke,Hou Liping.VolcanoEarthquake Types and Distribution at Tianchi,Changbaishan[J].Seismological and GeomagneticObservation and Research,1996,17(6):39-44.
[12]汤吉,邓前辉,赵国泽,等.长白山天池火山区电性结构和岩浆系统[J].地震地质,2001,23(2):191-200.Tang Ji,Deng Qianhui,Zhao Guoze,et al.ElectricConductivity and Magma Chamber at the Tianchi Vol-cano Area in Changbaishan Mountain[J].Seismologyand Geology,2001,23(2):191-200.
[13]赵金仁,张先康,杨卓欣,等.长白山天池火山区上地壳三维速度层析成像[J].地球物理学报,2003,46(6):796-802.Zhao Jinren,Zhang Xiankang,Yang Zhuoxin,et al.3DTomography of Velocity Structure in the UpperCrust Beneath the Changbaishan-Tianchi VolcanicRegion[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2003,46(6):796-802.
[14]杨卓欣,张先康,赵金仁,等.长白山天池火山区三维地壳结构层析成像[J].地球物理学报,2005,48(1):107-115.Yang Zhuoxin,Zhang Xiankang,Zhao Jinren,et al.Tomographic Imaging of 3D Crustal Structure Be-neath Changbaishan-Tianchi Volcano Region[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2005,48(1):107-115.
[15]Zhao Dapeng.Global Tomographic Images of MantlePlumes and Subducting Slabs:Insight into DeepEarth Dynamics[J].Physics of the Earth and Plane-tary Interiors,2004,146(1):3-34.
[16]Lei Jianshe,Zhao Dapeng.P-Wave Tomography andOrigin of the Changbai Intraplate Volcano in Nor-theast Asia[J].Tectonophysics,2005,397:281-295.
[17]Tian You,Zhao Dapeng,Liu Cai,et al.Seismic Imageand Origin of the Changbai Intraplate Volcano inNortheast Asia[J].Indian Minerals,2008,16(3/4):1-12.
[18]Zhao Dapeng,Tian You,Lei Jianshe,et al.SeismicImage and Origin of the Changbai Intraplate Volcanoin East Asia:Role of Big Mantle Wedge Above theStagnant Pacific Slab[J].Physics of the Earth andPlanetary Interiors,2009,173(3/4):197-206.
[19]Zhao Dapeng,Hasegawa A,Horiuchi S.Tomo-graphic Imaging of P and S Wave Velocity TructureBeneath Northeastern Japan[J].Geophys Res,1992,97(B3):19909-19928.
[20]Zhao Dapeng,Hasegawa A,Kanamori H.DeepStructure of Japan Subduction Zone as Derived fromLocal,Regional,and Teleseismic Events[J].Geo-phys Res 1994,99(B11):22313-22329.
[21]Zhao Dapeng.New Advances of Seismic Tomographyand Its Applications to Subduction Zones and Earth-quake Fault Zones:A Review[J].The Island Arc,2001,10:68-84.
[22]Chris P,Michael S.LSQR:An Algorithm for SparseLinear Equations and Sparse Least Squares[J].ACMTransactions on Mathematical Software,1982,8:43-71.
[23]Humphreys E,Clayton R.Adaptation of Back Pro-jection Tomography to Seismic Travel Time Problems[J].Geophys Res,1988,93:1073-1085.
[24]李家灵,晁洪太,崔昭文,等.郯庐活断层的分段及其大震危险性分析[J].地震地质,1994,16(2):121-126.Li Jialing,Chao Hongtai,Cui Zhaowen,et al.Seg-mentation of Active Fault Along the Tancheng Lu-jiang Fault Zone and Evaluation of Strong EarthquakeRisk[J].Seismology and Geology,1994,16(2):121-126.
[25]牛雪,卢造勋,姜德录,等.郯庐断裂北带地区主要构造单元壳幔结构特征与地震活动性[J].地震学报,2000,22(2):145-150.Niu Xue,Lu Zaoxun,Jiang Delu,et al.Crustal MantleStructure and Seismicity of the Main Structural Unitsin the Northern Tanlu Fault Zone Region[J].ActaSeismologica Sinica,2000,22(2):145-150.
[26]陈洪洲,任锦章,徐亚勤.依兰-伊通裂谷火山活动与地震活动[J].东北地震研究,1996,12(1):8-18.Chen Hongzhou,Ren Jinzhang,Xu Yaqin.Volcanismand Seismicity Along Yilan-Yitong Rift Valley Zone[J].Seismological Research of Northeast China,1996,12(1):8-18.
[27]郑照福.依兰-伊通断裂北段地震活动性研究[J].地震地磁观测与研究,2006,27(增刊):1-5.Zheng Zhaofu.The Discussion of Earthquake Featurein North Segment of Yilan-Yitong Fracture Zone[J].Seismological and Geomagnetic Observation and Re-search,2006,27(Sup.):1-5.
[28]汤吉,刘铁胜,江钊,等.长白山天池火山区大地电磁测深初步观测[J].地震地质,1997,19(2):164-170.Tang Ji,Liu Tiesheng,Jiang Zhao,et al.Prelimina-ry Observations of the Tianchi Volcano Area inChangbaishan Mountain by MT Method[J].Seismo-logy and Geology,1997,19(2):164-170.
[29]段永红,张先康,刘志,等.长白山-镜泊湖火山区地壳结构接收函数研究[J].地球物理学报,2005,48(2):352-358.Duan Yonghong,Zhang Xianke,Liu Zhi,et al.AStudy on Crustal Structures of Changbaishan-Jingpo-hu Volcanic Area Using Receiver Functions[J].Chi-nese Journal of Geophysics,2005,48(2):352-358.
[30]郭履灿,马石庄,张禹慎.应用地震CT技术研究长白山火山的岩浆囊[J].CT理论与应用研究,1996,5(1):47-52.Guo Lücan,Ma Shizhuang,Zhang Yushen.Researchon“Magma Chamber”of Changbai Mountain Volea-noes by Means of Seismie Tomography[J].CT Theo-ry and Applications,1996,5(1):47-52.
[31]雷建设,赵大鹏.长白山火山的起源和太平洋俯冲板块之间的关系[J].地球科学进展,2004,19(3):364-367.Lei Jianshe,Zhao Dapeng.The Relationship Betweenthe Origin of the Intraplte Chang Bai Volcano and theSubducting Pacific Slab[J].Advance in Earth Sci-ences,2004,19(3):364-367.
[2]杨清福,薄景山.长白山天池火山的研究现状与展望[J].自然灾害学报,2007,16(6):133-139.Yang Qingfu,Bo Jingshan.Status Quo and Prospectsfor Research on Tianchi Volcano in Changbai Mountain[J].Journal of Natural Disasters,2007,16(6):133-139.
[3]刘若新,李继泰,魏海泉,等.长白山天池火山——一座具潜在喷发危险的近代火山[J].地球物理学报,1992,35(5):661-665.Liu Ruoxin,Li Jitai,Wei Haiquan,et al.Volcano atTianchi Lake,Changbaishan:A Modern Volcano withPotial Danger of Eruption[J].Chinese Journal of Geo-physics,1992,35(5):661-665.
[4]Liu Ruoxin,Fan Qicheng,Zheng Xiangshen,et al.The Magma Evolution of Tianchi Volcano,Chang-baishan[J].Science in China:Series D,1998,41(4):382-389.
[5]刘洋.长白山火山历史上最大火山爆发火山碎屑物层序与分布[J].吉林大学学报:地球科学版,2006,36(3),313-318.Liu Yang.Sequence and Distribution of the PyroclasticDeposits of the Greatest Eruption of ChangbaishanVolcano During the Period of History[J].Journal ofJilin University:Earth Science Edition,2006,36(3),313-318.
[6]张恒荣,刘国明,武成智,等.长白山天池火山监测与火山活动状态的初步分析[J].地震地质,2003,25(增刊):109-120.Zhang Hengrong,Liu Guoming,Wu Chengzhi,et al.Preliminary Study on the Active State of ChangbaishanTianchi Volcano[J].Seismology and Geology,2003,25(Sup.):109-120.
[7]吴建平,明跃红,张恒荣,等.2002年夏季长白山天池火山区的地震活动研究[J].地球物理学报,2005,48(3):621-628.Wu Jianping,Ming Yuehong,Zhang Hengrong,et al.Seismic Activity at the Chanbaishan Tianchi Volcano inthe Summer of 2002[J].Chinese Journal of Geophy-sics,2005,48(3):621-628.
[8]刘国明,张恒荣,孔庆军.长白山天池火山区的地震活动特征分析[J].地震地质,2006,28(3):503-508.Liu Guoming,Zhang Hengrong,Kong Qingjun.Analy-sis of the Seismic Activity at the Changbaishan TianchiVolcano[J].Seismology and Geology,2006,28(3):503-508.
[9]吴建平,明跃红,张恒荣,等.长白山天池火山区的震群活动研究[J].地球物理学报,2007,50(4):1089-1096.Wu Jianping,Ming Yuehong,Zhang Hengrong,et al.Earthquake Swarm Activity in Changbaishan TianchiVolcano[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2007,50(4):1089-1096.
[10]张成科,张先康,赵金仁,等.长白山天池火山区及邻近地区壳幔结构探测研究[J].地球物理学报,2002,45(6):812-820.Zhang Chengke,Zhang Xiankang,Zhao Jinren,et al.Study on the Crustal and Upper Mantle Structure inthe Tianchi Volcanic Region and Its Adjacent Area ofChangbaishan[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2002,45(6):812-820.
[11]马明志,张兴科,侯立平.长白山天池火山地震类型与地震分布[J].地震地磁观测与研究,1996,17(6):39-44.Ma Mingzhi,Zhang Xingke,Hou Liping.VolcanoEarthquake Types and Distribution at Tianchi,Changbaishan[J].Seismological and GeomagneticObservation and Research,1996,17(6):39-44.
[12]汤吉,邓前辉,赵国泽,等.长白山天池火山区电性结构和岩浆系统[J].地震地质,2001,23(2):191-200.Tang Ji,Deng Qianhui,Zhao Guoze,et al.ElectricConductivity and Magma Chamber at the Tianchi Vol-cano Area in Changbaishan Mountain[J].Seismologyand Geology,2001,23(2):191-200.
[13]赵金仁,张先康,杨卓欣,等.长白山天池火山区上地壳三维速度层析成像[J].地球物理学报,2003,46(6):796-802.Zhao Jinren,Zhang Xiankang,Yang Zhuoxin,et al.3DTomography of Velocity Structure in the UpperCrust Beneath the Changbaishan-Tianchi VolcanicRegion[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2003,46(6):796-802.
[14]杨卓欣,张先康,赵金仁,等.长白山天池火山区三维地壳结构层析成像[J].地球物理学报,2005,48(1):107-115.Yang Zhuoxin,Zhang Xiankang,Zhao Jinren,et al.Tomographic Imaging of 3D Crustal Structure Be-neath Changbaishan-Tianchi Volcano Region[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2005,48(1):107-115.
[15]Zhao Dapeng.Global Tomographic Images of MantlePlumes and Subducting Slabs:Insight into DeepEarth Dynamics[J].Physics of the Earth and Plane-tary Interiors,2004,146(1):3-34.
[16]Lei Jianshe,Zhao Dapeng.P-Wave Tomography andOrigin of the Changbai Intraplate Volcano in Nor-theast Asia[J].Tectonophysics,2005,397:281-295.
[17]Tian You,Zhao Dapeng,Liu Cai,et al.Seismic Imageand Origin of the Changbai Intraplate Volcano inNortheast Asia[J].Indian Minerals,2008,16(3/4):1-12.
[18]Zhao Dapeng,Tian You,Lei Jianshe,et al.SeismicImage and Origin of the Changbai Intraplate Volcanoin East Asia:Role of Big Mantle Wedge Above theStagnant Pacific Slab[J].Physics of the Earth andPlanetary Interiors,2009,173(3/4):197-206.
[19]Zhao Dapeng,Hasegawa A,Horiuchi S.Tomo-graphic Imaging of P and S Wave Velocity TructureBeneath Northeastern Japan[J].Geophys Res,1992,97(B3):19909-19928.
[20]Zhao Dapeng,Hasegawa A,Kanamori H.DeepStructure of Japan Subduction Zone as Derived fromLocal,Regional,and Teleseismic Events[J].Geo-phys Res 1994,99(B11):22313-22329.
[21]Zhao Dapeng.New Advances of Seismic Tomographyand Its Applications to Subduction Zones and Earth-quake Fault Zones:A Review[J].The Island Arc,2001,10:68-84.
[22]Chris P,Michael S.LSQR:An Algorithm for SparseLinear Equations and Sparse Least Squares[J].ACMTransactions on Mathematical Software,1982,8:43-71.
[23]Humphreys E,Clayton R.Adaptation of Back Pro-jection Tomography to Seismic Travel Time Problems[J].Geophys Res,1988,93:1073-1085.
[24]李家灵,晁洪太,崔昭文,等.郯庐活断层的分段及其大震危险性分析[J].地震地质,1994,16(2):121-126.Li Jialing,Chao Hongtai,Cui Zhaowen,et al.Seg-mentation of Active Fault Along the Tancheng Lu-jiang Fault Zone and Evaluation of Strong EarthquakeRisk[J].Seismology and Geology,1994,16(2):121-126.
[25]牛雪,卢造勋,姜德录,等.郯庐断裂北带地区主要构造单元壳幔结构特征与地震活动性[J].地震学报,2000,22(2):145-150.Niu Xue,Lu Zaoxun,Jiang Delu,et al.Crustal MantleStructure and Seismicity of the Main Structural Unitsin the Northern Tanlu Fault Zone Region[J].ActaSeismologica Sinica,2000,22(2):145-150.
[26]陈洪洲,任锦章,徐亚勤.依兰-伊通裂谷火山活动与地震活动[J].东北地震研究,1996,12(1):8-18.Chen Hongzhou,Ren Jinzhang,Xu Yaqin.Volcanismand Seismicity Along Yilan-Yitong Rift Valley Zone[J].Seismological Research of Northeast China,1996,12(1):8-18.
[27]郑照福.依兰-伊通断裂北段地震活动性研究[J].地震地磁观测与研究,2006,27(增刊):1-5.Zheng Zhaofu.The Discussion of Earthquake Featurein North Segment of Yilan-Yitong Fracture Zone[J].Seismological and Geomagnetic Observation and Re-search,2006,27(Sup.):1-5.
[28]汤吉,刘铁胜,江钊,等.长白山天池火山区大地电磁测深初步观测[J].地震地质,1997,19(2):164-170.Tang Ji,Liu Tiesheng,Jiang Zhao,et al.Prelimina-ry Observations of the Tianchi Volcano Area inChangbaishan Mountain by MT Method[J].Seismo-logy and Geology,1997,19(2):164-170.
[29]段永红,张先康,刘志,等.长白山-镜泊湖火山区地壳结构接收函数研究[J].地球物理学报,2005,48(2):352-358.Duan Yonghong,Zhang Xianke,Liu Zhi,et al.AStudy on Crustal Structures of Changbaishan-Jingpo-hu Volcanic Area Using Receiver Functions[J].Chi-nese Journal of Geophysics,2005,48(2):352-358.
[30]郭履灿,马石庄,张禹慎.应用地震CT技术研究长白山火山的岩浆囊[J].CT理论与应用研究,1996,5(1):47-52.Guo Lücan,Ma Shizhuang,Zhang Yushen.Researchon“Magma Chamber”of Changbai Mountain Volea-noes by Means of Seismie Tomography[J].CT Theo-ry and Applications,1996,5(1):47-52.
[31]雷建设,赵大鹏.长白山火山的起源和太平洋俯冲板块之间的关系[J].地球科学进展,2004,19(3):364-367.Lei Jianshe,Zhao Dapeng.The Relationship Betweenthe Origin of the Intraplte Chang Bai Volcano and theSubducting Pacific Slab[J].Advance in Earth Sci-ences,2004,19(3):364-367.
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