碳酸盐岩裂缝型储层最小二乘偏移成像方法研究
|
摘要
碳酸盐岩裂缝型储层是海相油气储层以及西部探区的重要储层类型之一,多表现为缝洞储集体形态,埋藏深度大,地震反射波信号复杂,波场特征分析困难,因而对其进行高分辨成像具有一定的难度.本文推导并实现了基于最小二乘理论的偏移成像(LSM)方法,并将LSM用于西部探区碳酸盐岩裂缝型储层等效地震地质模型的偏移成像工作,成像结果表明:在理论上,LSM方法能够较好地分辨出埋藏深度在3000m以下的中深部20m尺度碳酸盐岩裂缝型储层,在西部碳酸盐岩裂缝型储集体地震勘探中,具有较好的适应性.
As an important type of marine oil-gas reservoirs,especially in western exploration area,fractured carbonate reservoir often has many special features,including a fracture-cave formation,a deep buried depth,complex reflection wave components and difficult analysis of its wave field characteristics.Due to such features,it is difficult to image fractured-type carbonate reservoir with high-resolution.In this paper,the basic theory of least-squares migration(LSM) is deduced and then we implemented this migration approach.The imaging results of equivalent seismo-geological models of fractured carbonate reservoir have showed that LSM had a good resolution on 20-meter scale fractured carbonate reservoir with a depth of more than 3000 meters,and it is well adaptable when used to prospect fractured-type carbonate reservoir in the western exploration area.
As an important type of marine oil-gas reservoirs,especially in western exploration area,fractured carbonate reservoir often has many special features,including a fracture-cave formation,a deep buried depth,complex reflection wave components and difficult analysis of its wave field characteristics.Due to such features,it is difficult to image fractured-type carbonate reservoir with high-resolution.In this paper,the basic theory of least-squares migration(LSM) is deduced and then we implemented this migration approach.The imaging results of equivalent seismo-geological models of fractured carbonate reservoir have showed that LSM had a good resolution on 20-meter scale fractured carbonate reservoir with a depth of more than 3000 meters,and it is well adaptable when used to prospect fractured-type carbonate reservoir in the western exploration area.
引文
[1]撒利明,姚逢昌,狄帮让等.缝洞型储层地震识别理论与方法.北京:石油工业出版社,2010:61-83.Sa L M,Yao F C,Di B R,et al.Theory and methodology ofthe seismic identification for the Fissure-vug reservoir(inChinese).Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2010:61-83.
[2]刘光鼎,陈洁.中国海域残留盆地油气勘探潜力分析.地球物理学进展,2005,20(4):881-888.Liu G D,Chen J.Potential analysis of petroleum explortationin residual basins of the China Sea.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2005,20(4):881-888.
[3]孙东,潘建国,雍学善等.碳酸盐岩储层垂向长串珠形成机制.石油地球物理勘探,2010,45(增1):101-104.Sun D,Pan J G,Yong X S,et al.Formation mechanism ofvertical“long string beads”in carbonate reservoir.OilGeophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),2010,45(Suppl.1):101-104.
[4]王彦峰,王乃建,高国成等.缝洞型油气藏高精度三维地震采集技术.石油地球物理勘探,2010,45(增1):1-5.Wang Y F,Wang N J,Gao G C,et al.3Dseismic acquisitiontechnique for fracture-vuggy reservoir.Oil GeophysicalProspecting(in Chinese),2010,45(Suppl.1):1-5.
[5]刘立峰,孙赞东,杨海军等.缝洞型碳酸盐岩储层地震属性优化方法及应用.石油地球物理勘探,2009,44(6):747-754.Liu L F,Sun Z D,Yang H J,et al.Seismic attributeoptimization method and its application for fractured-vuggycarbonate reservoir.Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),2009,44(6):747-754.
[6]季敏,魏建新,王尚旭.孔洞物理模型数据的地震响应特征分析.石油地球物理勘探,2009,44(2):196-200.Ji M,Wei J X,Wang S X.Analysis of seismic response ofpore-cave physical model data.Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),2009,44(2):196-200.
[7]赵裕辉,胡建中,鲁新便等.碳酸盐岩缝洞型储集体识别与体积估算.石油地球物理勘探,2010,45(5):720-724.Zhao Y H,Hu J Z,Lu X B,et al.Identification of carbonatefractured-vuggy reservoir and volume estimation.Oil GeophysicalProspecting(in Chinese),2010,45(5):720-724.
[8]姚姚,唐文榜.深层碳酸盐岩岩溶风化壳洞缝型油气藏可检测性的理论研究.石油地球物理勘探,2003,38(6):623-629.Yao Y,Tang W B.Theoretical study of detectable cavern-fractured reservoir in weathered Karst of deep carbonatite.Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),2003,38(6):623-629.
[9]吴俊峰,姚姚,撒利明.碳酸盐岩特殊孔洞型构造地震响应特征分析.石油地球物理勘探,2007,42(2):180-185.Wu J F,Yao Y,Sa L M.Analysis on seismic response ofspecial cavernous structure of carbonate.Oil GeophysicalProspecting(in Chinese),2007,42(2):180-185.
[10]彭真明,李亚林,巫盛洪等.碳酸盐岩储层多角度弹性阻抗流体识别方法.地球物理学报,2008,51(3):881-885.Peng Z M,Li Y L,Wu S H,et al.Discriminating gas andwater using multi-angle extended elastic impedance inversionin carbonate reservoirs.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2008,51(3):881-885.
[11]何晓松,孙林,张红斌等.盐下碳酸盐岩储层礁体识别.石油地球物理勘探,2009,44(增1):98-100.He X S,Sun L,Zhang H B,et al.Sub-salt carbonate reefreservoir identification.Oil Geophysical Prospecting(inChinese),2009,44(1):98-100.
[12]Kozlov E,Barasky N,Korolev E,et al.Imaging scatteringobjects masked by specular reflections.74th SEG meeting,Denver,Colorado,USA,Expanded Abstracts,2004.1131-1135.
[13]Moser T J,Howard B C.Diffraction imaging in depth.Geophysical Prospecting,2008,56(5):627-641.
[14]Bansal R,Imhof M G.Diffraction enhancement in prestackseismic data.Geophysics,2005,70(3):V73-V79.
[15]Khaidukov V,Landa E,Moser T J.Diffraction imaging byfocusing-defocusing:An outlook on seismic superresolution.Geophysics,2004,69(6):1478-1490.
[16]Nowak E J,Imhof M G.Diffractor localization via weightedRadon transforms.74th SEG meeting,Denver,Colorado,USA,Expanded Abstracts,2004.2108-2111.
[17]Fomel S.Applications of plane-wave destruction filters.Geophysics,2002,67(6):1946-1960.
[18]Taner M T,Fomel S,Landa E.Separation and imaging ofseismic diffractions using plane-wave decomposition.76thSEG meeting,New Orleans,Louisiana,USA,ExpandedAbstracts,2006.2401-2405.
[19]Fomel S,Landa E,Taner M T.Poststack velocity analysisby separation and imaging of seismic diffractions.Geophysics,2007,72(6):U89-U94.
[20]Zhu X S,Wu R S.Imaging diffraction points using the localimage matrices generated in prestack migration.Geophysics,2010,75(1):S1-S9.
[21]朱生旺,曲寿利,魏修成等.通过压制共散射点道集映射噪声改善绕射波成像分辨率.石油物探,2010,49(2):107-114.Zhu S W,Qu S L,Wei X C,et al.To improve imagingresolution by mapping noise attenuation on CPS gathers.Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum(in Chinese),2010,49(2):107-114.
[22]Cohen J K,Bleistein N.An inverse method for determiningsmall variations in propagation speed.SIAM Journal onApplied Mathematics,1977,32(4):784-799.
[23]Tarantola A.Inversion of seismic reflection data in theacoustic approximation.Geophysics,1984,49(8):1259-1266.
[24]Mora P.Nonlinear two-dimensional elastic inversion ofmultioffset seismic data.Geophysics,1987,52(9):1211-1228.
[25]Mora P.Inversion=migration+tomography.Geophysics,1989,54(12):1575-1586.
[26]Pratt R G.Frequency-domain elastic wave modeling by finitedifferences:A tool for crosshole seismic imaging.Geophysics,1990,55(5):626-632.
[27]Pratt R G.Seismic waveform inversion in the frequencydomain,Part 1:Theory and verification in a physical scalemodel.Geophysics,1999,64(3):888-901.
[28]Pratt R G,Shipp R M.Seismic waveform inversion in thefrequency domain,Part 2:Fault delineation in sedimentsusing crosshole data.Geophysics,1999,64(3):902-914.
[29]杜正聪,贺振华,黄德济.缝洞储层地震波场数值模拟.勘探地球物理进展,2003,26(2):103-108.Du Z C,He Z H,Huang D J.Seismic wavefield numericalsimulation of fractured reservoir.Progress in ExplorationGeophysics(in Chinese),2003,26(2):103-108.
[30]卢明辉,张才,徐基祥等.溶洞模型逆散射成像技术.石油勘探与开发.2010,37(3):330-338.Lu M H,Zhang C,Xu J X,et al.Inverse-scattering imagingof cavern models.Petroleum Exploration and Development(in Chinese),2010,37(3):330-338.
[31]LeBras R,Clayton R W.An iterative inversion of back-scattered acoustic waves.Geophysics,1988,53(4):501-508.
[32]LambaréG,Virieux J,Mandariaga R,et al.Iterativeasymptotic inversion in the acoustic approximation.Geophysics,1992,57(9):1138-1154.
[33]Nemeth T,Wu C,Schuster G T.Least-squares migration ofincomplete reflection data.Geophysics,1999,64(1):208-221.
[34]Kuehl H,Sacchi M D.Split-step WKBJ least-squaresmigration/inversion of incomplete data.5th SEGJ internationalSymposium-Imaging.Technology,2001.
[35]贾晓峰,胡天跃.滑动最小二乘法求解地震波波动方程.地球物理学进展,2005,20(4):920-924.Jia X F,Hu T Y.Solving seismic wave equation by movingleast squares(MLS)method.Progress in Geophysics(inChinese),2005,20(4):920-924.
[36]邹强,周熙襄,钟本善.旅行时与波阻抗联合反演求取层速度.石油地球物理勘探,2003,38(4):396-399.Zou Q,Zhou X X,Zhong B S.Acquiring interval velocity byjoint inversion of travel-time and wave impedance.OilGeophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),2003,38(4):396-399.
[37]高建军,陈小宏,李景叶等.不规则地震数据的抗假频重建方法.石油地球物理勘探,2010,45(3):326-331.Gao J J,Chen X H,Li J Y,et al.Studies on anti-aliasingreconstruction method for irregular seismic data.Oil GeophysicalProspecting(in Chinese),2010,45(3):326-331.
[38]马继涛,陈小宏,黄小宁.反数据域压制多次波方法研究.石油地球物理勘探,2009,44(5):537-542.Ma J T,Chen X H,Huang X N.Studying on multipleelimination in inverse data domain.Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),2009,44(5):537-542.
[39]杨其强,张叔伦.最小二乘傅立叶有限差分偏移.地球物理学进展,2008,23(2):433-437.Yang Q Q,Zhang S L.Least-squares Fourier finite-difference migration.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2008,23(2):433-437.
[40]黄建平,李振春,刘玉金等.复杂介质最小二乘叠前深度偏移方法研究.地球物理学进展,2013,(出版中).Huang J P,Li Z C,Liu Y J,et al.The study of the leastsquare pre-stack depth migration on complex media.Progressin Geophysics,2013,(In press).
[41]刘红伟,李博,刘洪等.地震叠前逆时偏移高阶有限差分算法及GPU实现.地球物理学报,2010,53(7):1725-1733.Liu H W,Li B,Liu H,et al.The algorithm of high orderfinite difference pre-stack reverse time migration and GPUimplementation.ChineseJ.Geophys.(in Chinese),2010,53(7):1725-1733.
[42]刘红伟,刘洪,邹振.地震叠前逆时偏移中的去噪与存储.地球物理学报,2010,53(9):2171-2180.Liu H W,Liu H,Zou Z.The problems of denoise andstorage in seismic reverse time migration.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2010,53(9):2171-2180.
[43]刘红伟,刘洪,李博等.起伏地表叠前逆时偏移理论及GPU加速技术.地球物理学报,2011,54(7):1883-1892.Liu H W,Liu H,Li B,et al.Pre-stack reverse timemigration for rugged topography and GPU accelerationtechnology.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2011,54(7):1883-1892.
[2]刘光鼎,陈洁.中国海域残留盆地油气勘探潜力分析.地球物理学进展,2005,20(4):881-888.Liu G D,Chen J.Potential analysis of petroleum explortationin residual basins of the China Sea.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2005,20(4):881-888.
[3]孙东,潘建国,雍学善等.碳酸盐岩储层垂向长串珠形成机制.石油地球物理勘探,2010,45(增1):101-104.Sun D,Pan J G,Yong X S,et al.Formation mechanism ofvertical“long string beads”in carbonate reservoir.OilGeophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),2010,45(Suppl.1):101-104.
[4]王彦峰,王乃建,高国成等.缝洞型油气藏高精度三维地震采集技术.石油地球物理勘探,2010,45(增1):1-5.Wang Y F,Wang N J,Gao G C,et al.3Dseismic acquisitiontechnique for fracture-vuggy reservoir.Oil GeophysicalProspecting(in Chinese),2010,45(Suppl.1):1-5.
[5]刘立峰,孙赞东,杨海军等.缝洞型碳酸盐岩储层地震属性优化方法及应用.石油地球物理勘探,2009,44(6):747-754.Liu L F,Sun Z D,Yang H J,et al.Seismic attributeoptimization method and its application for fractured-vuggycarbonate reservoir.Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),2009,44(6):747-754.
[6]季敏,魏建新,王尚旭.孔洞物理模型数据的地震响应特征分析.石油地球物理勘探,2009,44(2):196-200.Ji M,Wei J X,Wang S X.Analysis of seismic response ofpore-cave physical model data.Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),2009,44(2):196-200.
[7]赵裕辉,胡建中,鲁新便等.碳酸盐岩缝洞型储集体识别与体积估算.石油地球物理勘探,2010,45(5):720-724.Zhao Y H,Hu J Z,Lu X B,et al.Identification of carbonatefractured-vuggy reservoir and volume estimation.Oil GeophysicalProspecting(in Chinese),2010,45(5):720-724.
[8]姚姚,唐文榜.深层碳酸盐岩岩溶风化壳洞缝型油气藏可检测性的理论研究.石油地球物理勘探,2003,38(6):623-629.Yao Y,Tang W B.Theoretical study of detectable cavern-fractured reservoir in weathered Karst of deep carbonatite.Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),2003,38(6):623-629.
[9]吴俊峰,姚姚,撒利明.碳酸盐岩特殊孔洞型构造地震响应特征分析.石油地球物理勘探,2007,42(2):180-185.Wu J F,Yao Y,Sa L M.Analysis on seismic response ofspecial cavernous structure of carbonate.Oil GeophysicalProspecting(in Chinese),2007,42(2):180-185.
[10]彭真明,李亚林,巫盛洪等.碳酸盐岩储层多角度弹性阻抗流体识别方法.地球物理学报,2008,51(3):881-885.Peng Z M,Li Y L,Wu S H,et al.Discriminating gas andwater using multi-angle extended elastic impedance inversionin carbonate reservoirs.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2008,51(3):881-885.
[11]何晓松,孙林,张红斌等.盐下碳酸盐岩储层礁体识别.石油地球物理勘探,2009,44(增1):98-100.He X S,Sun L,Zhang H B,et al.Sub-salt carbonate reefreservoir identification.Oil Geophysical Prospecting(inChinese),2009,44(1):98-100.
[12]Kozlov E,Barasky N,Korolev E,et al.Imaging scatteringobjects masked by specular reflections.74th SEG meeting,Denver,Colorado,USA,Expanded Abstracts,2004.1131-1135.
[13]Moser T J,Howard B C.Diffraction imaging in depth.Geophysical Prospecting,2008,56(5):627-641.
[14]Bansal R,Imhof M G.Diffraction enhancement in prestackseismic data.Geophysics,2005,70(3):V73-V79.
[15]Khaidukov V,Landa E,Moser T J.Diffraction imaging byfocusing-defocusing:An outlook on seismic superresolution.Geophysics,2004,69(6):1478-1490.
[16]Nowak E J,Imhof M G.Diffractor localization via weightedRadon transforms.74th SEG meeting,Denver,Colorado,USA,Expanded Abstracts,2004.2108-2111.
[17]Fomel S.Applications of plane-wave destruction filters.Geophysics,2002,67(6):1946-1960.
[18]Taner M T,Fomel S,Landa E.Separation and imaging ofseismic diffractions using plane-wave decomposition.76thSEG meeting,New Orleans,Louisiana,USA,ExpandedAbstracts,2006.2401-2405.
[19]Fomel S,Landa E,Taner M T.Poststack velocity analysisby separation and imaging of seismic diffractions.Geophysics,2007,72(6):U89-U94.
[20]Zhu X S,Wu R S.Imaging diffraction points using the localimage matrices generated in prestack migration.Geophysics,2010,75(1):S1-S9.
[21]朱生旺,曲寿利,魏修成等.通过压制共散射点道集映射噪声改善绕射波成像分辨率.石油物探,2010,49(2):107-114.Zhu S W,Qu S L,Wei X C,et al.To improve imagingresolution by mapping noise attenuation on CPS gathers.Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum(in Chinese),2010,49(2):107-114.
[22]Cohen J K,Bleistein N.An inverse method for determiningsmall variations in propagation speed.SIAM Journal onApplied Mathematics,1977,32(4):784-799.
[23]Tarantola A.Inversion of seismic reflection data in theacoustic approximation.Geophysics,1984,49(8):1259-1266.
[24]Mora P.Nonlinear two-dimensional elastic inversion ofmultioffset seismic data.Geophysics,1987,52(9):1211-1228.
[25]Mora P.Inversion=migration+tomography.Geophysics,1989,54(12):1575-1586.
[26]Pratt R G.Frequency-domain elastic wave modeling by finitedifferences:A tool for crosshole seismic imaging.Geophysics,1990,55(5):626-632.
[27]Pratt R G.Seismic waveform inversion in the frequencydomain,Part 1:Theory and verification in a physical scalemodel.Geophysics,1999,64(3):888-901.
[28]Pratt R G,Shipp R M.Seismic waveform inversion in thefrequency domain,Part 2:Fault delineation in sedimentsusing crosshole data.Geophysics,1999,64(3):902-914.
[29]杜正聪,贺振华,黄德济.缝洞储层地震波场数值模拟.勘探地球物理进展,2003,26(2):103-108.Du Z C,He Z H,Huang D J.Seismic wavefield numericalsimulation of fractured reservoir.Progress in ExplorationGeophysics(in Chinese),2003,26(2):103-108.
[30]卢明辉,张才,徐基祥等.溶洞模型逆散射成像技术.石油勘探与开发.2010,37(3):330-338.Lu M H,Zhang C,Xu J X,et al.Inverse-scattering imagingof cavern models.Petroleum Exploration and Development(in Chinese),2010,37(3):330-338.
[31]LeBras R,Clayton R W.An iterative inversion of back-scattered acoustic waves.Geophysics,1988,53(4):501-508.
[32]LambaréG,Virieux J,Mandariaga R,et al.Iterativeasymptotic inversion in the acoustic approximation.Geophysics,1992,57(9):1138-1154.
[33]Nemeth T,Wu C,Schuster G T.Least-squares migration ofincomplete reflection data.Geophysics,1999,64(1):208-221.
[34]Kuehl H,Sacchi M D.Split-step WKBJ least-squaresmigration/inversion of incomplete data.5th SEGJ internationalSymposium-Imaging.Technology,2001.
[35]贾晓峰,胡天跃.滑动最小二乘法求解地震波波动方程.地球物理学进展,2005,20(4):920-924.Jia X F,Hu T Y.Solving seismic wave equation by movingleast squares(MLS)method.Progress in Geophysics(inChinese),2005,20(4):920-924.
[36]邹强,周熙襄,钟本善.旅行时与波阻抗联合反演求取层速度.石油地球物理勘探,2003,38(4):396-399.Zou Q,Zhou X X,Zhong B S.Acquiring interval velocity byjoint inversion of travel-time and wave impedance.OilGeophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),2003,38(4):396-399.
[37]高建军,陈小宏,李景叶等.不规则地震数据的抗假频重建方法.石油地球物理勘探,2010,45(3):326-331.Gao J J,Chen X H,Li J Y,et al.Studies on anti-aliasingreconstruction method for irregular seismic data.Oil GeophysicalProspecting(in Chinese),2010,45(3):326-331.
[38]马继涛,陈小宏,黄小宁.反数据域压制多次波方法研究.石油地球物理勘探,2009,44(5):537-542.Ma J T,Chen X H,Huang X N.Studying on multipleelimination in inverse data domain.Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),2009,44(5):537-542.
[39]杨其强,张叔伦.最小二乘傅立叶有限差分偏移.地球物理学进展,2008,23(2):433-437.Yang Q Q,Zhang S L.Least-squares Fourier finite-difference migration.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2008,23(2):433-437.
[40]黄建平,李振春,刘玉金等.复杂介质最小二乘叠前深度偏移方法研究.地球物理学进展,2013,(出版中).Huang J P,Li Z C,Liu Y J,et al.The study of the leastsquare pre-stack depth migration on complex media.Progressin Geophysics,2013,(In press).
[41]刘红伟,李博,刘洪等.地震叠前逆时偏移高阶有限差分算法及GPU实现.地球物理学报,2010,53(7):1725-1733.Liu H W,Li B,Liu H,et al.The algorithm of high orderfinite difference pre-stack reverse time migration and GPUimplementation.ChineseJ.Geophys.(in Chinese),2010,53(7):1725-1733.
[42]刘红伟,刘洪,邹振.地震叠前逆时偏移中的去噪与存储.地球物理学报,2010,53(9):2171-2180.Liu H W,Liu H,Zou Z.The problems of denoise andstorage in seismic reverse time migration.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2010,53(9):2171-2180.
[43]刘红伟,刘洪,李博等.起伏地表叠前逆时偏移理论及GPU加速技术.地球物理学报,2011,54(7):1883-1892.Liu H W,Liu H,Li B,et al.Pre-stack reverse timemigration for rugged topography and GPU accelerationtechnology.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2011,54(7):1883-1892.
版权所有：© 2023 中国地质图书馆 中国地质调查局地学文献中心