基于高精度GPS监测龙门山断裂带中段及邻区现今地壳活动性研究
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摘要
高精度GPS测量是研究现今地壳运动和地壳形变的重要手段之一.龙门山断裂带一直备受地质学者关注,尤其是2008年5月12日汶川大地震发生以后,对龙门山断裂带的研究提出了许多新的认识.汶川大地震后通过对1991年至2008年龙门山断裂带长期GPS监测成果(0.3～7mm/a)的分析、研究总结后认为这种低速率断层经过长期缓慢的能量积累,同样能够产生大地震;近期(2008～2010年)GPS观测数据结果揭示,龙门山断裂带中段及邻区的地壳运动速率由地震前的0.3～7mm/a,提高到4～57mm/a,分析认为在观测期内龙门山断裂带中段及邻区正处于一个震后应力释放期,这种应力释放可能还将持续相当长时间,影响着龙门山断裂带现今的活动性.今后一段时间龙门山断裂带可能仍处余震的高发期,需引起关注!对于今后龙门山活动性是否已经进入一个新的活动期,还需要进一步长期的高精度监测来确认、修正.
The high precision GPS measurement is the important methods for studying the crustal movement and crustal deformation.The activity of the Longmenshan fault zone is attentioned by geologician,After the earthquake at 12 May,2008,at the same time,the research on the Longmenshan fault zone has many new ideas.Based on further analysis of results(0.3~7 mm/a) of the high precision GPS surveying along the Longmenshan fault zone between 1991 and 2008,with long-term gradually energy cumulation,this type of low-rate the fault,also can cause a serious earthquake.this paper documents some new opinions on the activity along the central segment of the Longmenshan fault zone and adjacent regions after the 2008 earthquake.The GPS observation data between 2008~2010 reveals that the velocity of crustal movement along the central segment of the Longmenshan fault zone and adjacent regions increase to 4~57 mm/a from 0.3~7 mm/a before the earthquake,which shows that it is in a active period and in a aftershocks stage after the earthquake,that should still be deeply concerned.
The high precision GPS measurement is the important methods for studying the crustal movement and crustal deformation.The activity of the Longmenshan fault zone is attentioned by geologician,After the earthquake at 12 May,2008,at the same time,the research on the Longmenshan fault zone has many new ideas.Based on further analysis of results(0.3~7 mm/a) of the high precision GPS surveying along the Longmenshan fault zone between 1991 and 2008,with long-term gradually energy cumulation,this type of low-rate the fault,also can cause a serious earthquake.this paper documents some new opinions on the activity along the central segment of the Longmenshan fault zone and adjacent regions after the 2008 earthquake.The GPS observation data between 2008~2010 reveals that the velocity of crustal movement along the central segment of the Longmenshan fault zone and adjacent regions increase to 4~57 mm/a from 0.3~7 mm/a before the earthquake,which shows that it is in a active period and in a aftershocks stage after the earthquake,that should still be deeply concerned.
引文
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[2]陈智梁,张选阳,沈凤,等.中国西南地区地壳运动的GPS监测[J].科学通报,1999,44(8):851-854.Chen Z L,Zhang X Y,Shen F,et al.Crustal movement inSouthwest China GPS monitoring[J].Chinese ScienceBulletin(in Chinese),1999,44(8):851-854.
[3]张清志,刘宇平,陈智梁,等.红河断裂带的GPS观测数据反演[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(2):418-421.Zhang Q Z,Liu Y P,Chen Z L,et al.Inversion of the GPSmonitoring data along the red river fault system[J].Progressin Geophysics(in Chinese),2007,22(2):418-421.
[4]王琪,张培震,牛之俊,等.中国大陆现今地壳运动和构造变形[J].中国科学(D缉),2001,31(7):529-536.Wang Q,Zhang P Z,Niu Z J,et al.Chinese mainland crustalmovement and tectonic deformation[J].Science in China(D)(in Chinese),2001,31(7):529-536.
[5]Burchfiel B C,Royden L H,van der Hilst R D,et al.Ageological and geophysical context for the Wenchuanearthquake of 12 May 2008,Sichuan,People’s Republic ofChina[J].GSA Today,2008,18(7):4-11.
[6]陈智梁,刘宇平,唐文清,等.青藏高原东北缘大陆岩石圈现今变形和位移[J].地质通报,2006,25(1-2):20-28.Chen Z L,Liu Y P,Tang W Q,et al.Recent deformation anddisplacement of continental lithosphere in the northeasternmargin of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau[J].Geological Bulletin ofChina(in Chinese),2006,25(1-2):20-28.
[7]程佳,徐锡伟,甘卫军,等.青藏高原东南缘地震活动与地壳运动所反映的块体特征及其动力来源[J].地球物理学报,2012,55(4):1198-1212,doi:10.6038/j.issn.0001-5733.2012.04.016.Cheng J,Xu X W,Gan W J,et al.Block model and dynamicimplication from the earthquake activities and crustal motion inthe southeastern margin of Tibetan Plateau[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2012,55(4):1198-1212,doi:10.6038/j.issn.0001-5733.2012.04.016.
[8]马保起,张世民,田勤俭,等.汶川8.0级地震地表破裂带[J].第四纪研究,2008,28(4):513-517.Ma B Q,Zhang S M,Tian Q J,et al.The surface rupture ofWenchuan earthquake(M 8.0)[J].Quaternary Sciences(inChinese),2008,28(4):513-517.
[9]龙思胜,赵珠.鲜水河、龙门山和安宁河三大断裂交汇地区震源应力场特征.地震学报,2000,22(5):457-464.Long S S,Zhao Z.Characteristics of the seismic source stressfield in the intersection region of Xianshuihe,Longmenshanand An’ninghe faults[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica(inChinese),2000,22(5):457-464.
[10]陈国光,计凤桔,周荣军,等.龙门山断裂带晚第四纪活动性分段的初步研究[J].地震地质,2007,29(3):657-673.Chen G G,Ji F J,Zhou R J,et al.Primary research ofactivity segmentation of Longmenshan fault zone since late-quaternary[J].Seismology and Geology(in Chinese),2007,29(3):657-673.
[11]万永革,沈正康,盛书中,等.2008年汶川大地震对周围断层的影响[J].地震学报,2009,31(2):128-139.Wan Y G,Shen Z K,Sheng S Z,et al.The influence of 2008Wenchuan earthquake on surrounding faults[J].ActaSeismologica Sinica(in Chinese),2009,31(2):128-139.
[12]何宏林,魏占玉,石峰,等.汶川地震破裂近场震后变形观测及其意义[J].科学通报,2010,55(17):1702-1709.He H L,Wei Z Y,Shi F,et al.Near-field post-seismicdeformation along the rupture of 2008 Wenchuan earthquakeand its implications[J].Chinese Sci.Bull.(in Chinese),2010,55(17):1702-1709.
[13]滕吉文,白登海,杨辉,等.2008汶川MS8.0地震发生的深层过程和动力学响应[J].地球物理学报,2008,51(5):1385-1402.Teng J W,Bai D H,Yang H,et al.Deep processes anddynamic responses associated with the Wenchuan MS8.0earthquake of 2008[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2008,51(5):1385-1402.
[14]滕吉文,王谦身,王光杰,等.喜马拉雅“东构造结”地区的特异重力场与深部地壳结构[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(4):1045-1052.Teng J W,Wang Q S,Wang G J,et al.Specific gravity fieldand deep crustal structure of the‘Himalayas east structuralknot’[J].Chinese J.Geophysics.(in Chinese),2006,49(4):1045-1052.
[15]Wang Q,Zhang P Z,Freymueller J T,et al.Present-daycrustal deformation in China constrained by GlobalPositioning System measurements[J].Science,2001,294(5542):574-577.
[16]张培震,徐锡伟,闻学泽,等.2008年汶川8.0级地震发震断裂的滑动速率,复发周期和构造成因[J].地球物理学报,2008,51(4):1066-1073.Zhang P Z,Xu X W,Wen X Z,et al.Slip rates andrecurrence intervals of the Longmen Shan active fault zoneand tectonic implications for the mechanism of the May 12Wenchuan earthquake,2008,Sichuan,China[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2008,51(4):1066-1073.
[17]Burchfiel B C,Zhang P,Wang Y,et al.Geology of theHimalayan fault zone,Ningxia Autonomous region,Chinaand its relation to the evolution of the northeastern margin ofthe Tibetan Plateau[J].Tectonics,1991,10:1091-1110.
[18]陈智梁,刘宇平,赵济湘,等.青藏高原东部地壳运动的GPS测量[J].中国地质,1998,(5):32-35.(请补充本条文献英文信息)
[19]Peltzer G,Rosen P,Rogez F,et al.Poroelastic reboundalong the Landers 1992earthquake surface rupture[J].J.Geophys.Res.,1998,103(B12):30131-30145.
[20]唐文清,刘宇平,陈智梁,等.龙门山断裂构造带GPS研究[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2004,24(3):57-59,83.Tang W Q,Liu Y P,Chen Z L,et al.GPS study onLongmenshan fault zone[J].Journal of Geodesy andGeodynamics(in Chinese),2004,24(3):57-59,83.
[21]齐少华,刘启元,陈九辉,等.汶川MS8.0地震:龙门山断裂两侧地壳各向异性的初步研究[J].地震地质,2009,31(3):376-388.Qi S H,Liu Q Y,Chen J H,et al.Wenchuan earthquakeMS8.0:Preliminary study of crustal anisotropy on both sidesof the Longmenshan faults[J].Seismology and Geology(inChinese),2009,31(3):376-388.
[22]任俊杰,张世民,马保起,等.龙门山断裂带中北段大震复发特征与复发间隔估计[J].地震学报,2009,31(2):160-171.Ren J J,Zhang S M,Ma B Q,et al.Characteristics andrecurrence intervals of large earthquakes along the middle-northern segment of the Longmenshan fault zone[J].ActaSeismologica Sinica(in Chinese),2009,31(2):160-171.
[23]Perfettini H,Avouac J P.Modeling afterslip and aftershocksfollowing the 1992 Landers earthquake[J].J.Geophys.Res.,2007,112(B7):B07409.
[24]王二七,孟庆仁,陈智粱,等.龙门山断裂带印支期左旋走滑运动及其大地构造成因[J].地学前缘,2001,8(2):375-384.Wang E Q,Meng Q R,Chen Z L,et al.Early Mesozoic left-lateral movement along the Longmen Shan fault belt and itstectonic implications[J].Earth Science Frontiers(inChinese),2001,8(2):375-384.
[25]Royden L H,Burchfiel B C,King R W,et al.Surfacedeformation and lower crustal flow in eastern Tibet[J].Science,1997,276(5313):788-790.
[26]甘卫军,沈正康,张培震,等.青藏高原地壳水平差异运动的GPS观测研究[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2004,24(1):29-35.Gan W J,Shen Z K,Zhang P Z,et al.Horizontal crustalmovement of Tibetan plateau from GPS measurements[J].Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics(in Chinese),2004,24(1):29-35.
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