提高逆时偏移成像精度的叠前插值处理研究与应用
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摘要
为了提高叠前逆时偏移成像精度,开展了针对逆时偏移的地震资料预处理方法研究——叠前插值处理。从Marmousi理论模型出发,对模拟的理论炮集数据进行抽稀,在满足数值频散关系条件下进行叠前逆时偏移处理,计算结果表明,炮集记录道间距增大会引入线性干扰,较大程度影响了逆时偏移结果的精度和横向连续性;从实际三维地震资料数据出发,对比分析了沿检波线方向和沿检波站方向进行叠前频率-空间域三维插值前、后的数据和对应的逆时偏移结果。研究表明,未进行叠前插值处理的逆时偏移剖面存在类似于理论数据抽稀情况下的线性干扰,同相轴的连续性差;而经插值处理后,插值地震道的同相轴过渡自然无畸变,对应的逆时偏移剖面连续性明显增强,线性干扰得到有效压制。因此,叠前插值处理能够有效提高高信噪比地震工区资料的逆时偏移成像精度。
In order to improve the precision of the seismic wave pre-stack reverse-time migration,we carry out the study on pre-stack interpolation processing method.In the paper,started from the Marmousi model,the synthetic theoretical common shot gathers are sparsely extracted,and the reverse-time migration is carried out with the condition of the numerical dispersion relationship.The computational results show that increasing channel spacing for common shot gather will bring in linear noise,which largely affects the precision of reverse-time migration and lateral continuity of reflection events.Then,on the basis of real 3Dseismic data,the data and their corresponding reverse-time migration results before and after prestack frequency-spatial domain 3Dinterpolation processing along receiver station direction and along receiver line direction are compared.The results indicate that the reverse-time migration section without interpolation processing displays bad continuity and linear noise which is similar to the theoretical data after sparse extraction.After interpolation processing,there is no distortion and the seismic event is natural in the common shot gather and in the corresponding reverse-time migration section.Meanwhile,the continuity of seismic event is greatly improved,and the linear noise is effectively suppressed.Therefore,the pre-stack interpolation processing can effectively improve the reverse-time migration precision of high S/N seismic data.
In order to improve the precision of the seismic wave pre-stack reverse-time migration,we carry out the study on pre-stack interpolation processing method.In the paper,started from the Marmousi model,the synthetic theoretical common shot gathers are sparsely extracted,and the reverse-time migration is carried out with the condition of the numerical dispersion relationship.The computational results show that increasing channel spacing for common shot gather will bring in linear noise,which largely affects the precision of reverse-time migration and lateral continuity of reflection events.Then,on the basis of real 3Dseismic data,the data and their corresponding reverse-time migration results before and after prestack frequency-spatial domain 3Dinterpolation processing along receiver station direction and along receiver line direction are compared.The results indicate that the reverse-time migration section without interpolation processing displays bad continuity and linear noise which is similar to the theoretical data after sparse extraction.After interpolation processing,there is no distortion and the seismic event is natural in the common shot gather and in the corresponding reverse-time migration section.Meanwhile,the continuity of seismic event is greatly improved,and the linear noise is effectively suppressed.Therefore,the pre-stack interpolation processing can effectively improve the reverse-time migration precision of high S/N seismic data.
引文
[1]Yoon K,Marfurt K,Starr E W.Challenges in re-verse-time migration[J].Expanded Abstracts of 74thAnnual Internat SEG Mtg,2004,1057-1060
[2]陈可洋.高阶弹性波波动方程正演模拟及逆时偏移成像研究[D].大庆:大庆石油学院,2009Chen K Y.High-order elastic wave equation forwardmodeling and reverse-time migration[D].Daqing:Daqing Petroleum Institute,2009
[3]Huang Y,Lin D,Bai B,et al.Challenges in presaltdepth imaging of the deepwater Santos Basin,Brazil[J].The Leading Edge,2010,29(8):820-825
[4]刘红伟,刘洪,邹振.地震叠前逆时偏移中的去噪与存储[J].地球物理学报,2010,53(9):2171-2180Liu H W,Liu H,Zou Z,et al.The problems of de-noise and storage in seismic reverse time migration[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2010,53(9):2171-2180
[5]陈可洋.两种类型共炮点域相关型叠前深度成像方法[J].内陆地震,2012,26(1):17-27Chen K Y.Two kinds of correlation type pre-stackdepth migration methods in common shot domain[J].Inland Earthquake,2012,26(1):17-27
[6]陈可洋.地震波逆时偏移方法研究综述[J].勘探地球物理进展,2010,33(3):153-159Chen K Y.Reviews on seismic wave reverse-timemigration methods[J].Progress in Exploration Geo-physics,2010,33(3):153-159
[7]杨仁虎,常旭,刘伊克.叠前逆时偏移影响因素分析[J].地球物理学报,2010,53(8):1902-1913Yang R H,Chang X,Liu Y K.The influence factorsanalysis of imaging precision in pre-stack reversetime migration[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2010,53(8):1902-1913
[8]陈可洋.基于高阶有限差分的波动方程叠前逆时偏移方法[J].石油物探,2009,48(5):475-478Chen K Y.Wave equation pre-stack reverse-time mi-gration scheme based on high-order finite-difference[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2009,48(5):475-478
[9]陈可洋.正演子波响应特征及逆时成像分析[J].石油物探,2011,50(5):455-462Chen K Y.Seismic wavelet response characteristicand reverse-time migration analysis[J].GeophysicalProspecting for Petroleum,2011,50(5):455-462
[10]陈可洋.地震波旅行时计算方法及其模型试验分析[J].石油物探,2010,49(2):153-157Chen K Y.Seismic wave travel-time computationalmethod and its model experiment analysis[J].Geo-physical Prospecting for Petroleum,2010,49(2):153-157
[11]陈可洋.地震波数值模拟中差分阶数的边界效应[J].高原地震,2011,23(1):20-23Chen K Y.Difference order’s boundary effect of theseismic wave numerical simulation[J].PlateauEarthquake Research,2011,23(1):20-23
[12]陈可洋.地震波数值模拟中优化的通量校正传输方法[J].内陆地震,2012,26(3):169-179Chen K Y.An optimized flux-corrected transportscheme in the seismic wave numerical simulation[J].Inland Earthquake,2012,26(2):169-179
[13]陈可洋,吴清岭,范兴才,等.地震波叠前逆时偏移脉冲响应研究与应用[J].石油物探,2013,52(2):163-170Chen K Y,Wu Q L,Fan X C,et al.Study on seismicwave pre-stack reverse-time migration’s impulse re-sponse and its application[J].Geophysical Prospec-ting for Petroleum,2013,52(2):163-170
[14]Pavloske K,Beyoglu J.Pre-processing improvementsfor enhanced PSTM and TTI PSDM images in theSantos Basin:a case history[J].Expanded Abstractsof 81st Annual Internat SEG Mtg,2011,3258-3262
[15]陈可洋.时限时移相关法叠前逆时成像条件及其应用[J].石油物探,2011,50(1):22-26Chen K Y.Time-limited time-shift correlation pre-stack reverse-time image condition and its applica-tion[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2010,50(1):22-26
[16]Yoon K,Marfurt K J.Reverse-time migration usingthe Poynting vector[J].Exploration Geophysics,2006,37(1):102-107
[17]Liu F Q,Zhang G,Morton S A,et al.Reverse-timemigration using one way wavefield imaging condi-tion[J].Expanded Abstracts of 77th Annual InternatSEG Mtg,2007,2170-2174
[18]Liu F Q,Zhang G,Morton S A,et al.An effectiveimaging condition for reverse-time migration usingwave-field decomposition[J].Geophysics,2011,76(1):S29-S39
[19]Fletcher R P,Fowler P J,Kitchenside P.Suppressingartifacts in prestack reverse time migration[J].Ex-panded Abstracts of 75th Annual Internat SEG Mtg,2005,2049-2051
[20]Guitton A,Kaelin B,Biondi B.Least-squares attenu-ation of reverse-time migration artifacts[J].Geo-physics,2007,72(1):S19-S23
[21]Zhang Y,James S.Practical issues of reverse timemigration:true amplitude gathers,noise removal andharmonic source encoding[C]∥CPS/SEG Beijing2009International Geophysical Cofference TechnicalProgram Expanded Abstracts.Beijing:CPS&SEG,2009:5
[22]陈可洋.基于拉普拉斯算子的叠前逆时噪声压制方法[J].岩性油气藏,2011,23(5):87-95Chen K Y.Pre-stack reverse-time noise suppressingmethod based on Laplacian operator[J].LithologicReservoirs,2011,23(5):87-95
[23]陈可洋.标量声波波动方程高阶交错网格有限差分法[J].中国海上油气,2009,21(4):232-236Chen K Y.High-order staggered-grid finite differ-ence scheme for scalar acoustic wave equation[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas,2009,21(4):232-236
[24]陈可洋.地震波数值模拟中差分近似的各向异性分析[J].石油物探,2010,49(1):19-22Chen K Y.Anisotropic analysis of difference approx-imation in seismic wave numerical modeling[J].Geo-physical Prospecting for Petroleum,2010,49(1):19-22
[25]陈可洋.完全匹配层吸收边界条件研究[J].石油物探,2010,49(5):472-477Chen K Y.Study on perfectly matched layer absorb-ing boundary condition[J].Geophysical Prospectingfor Petroleum,2010,49(5):472-477
[26]陈可洋.边界吸收中镶边法的评价[J].中国科学院研究生院学报,2010,27(2):170-175Chen K Y.Evaluation on the bordering method ofthe absorbing boundary condition[J].Journal of theGraduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sci-ences,2010,27(2):170-175
[27]陈可洋.网格剖分及其精度和计算量分析[J].内陆地震,2011,25(1):12-20Chen K Y.Mesh generation and its accuracy andcomputational amount analysis[J].Inland Earth-quake,2010,25(1):12-20
[28]陈可洋.数值模拟的尺度调节机理[J].内陆地震,2011,25(4):321-328Chen K Y.Scale adjusting mechanism on numericalsimulation[J].Inland Earthquake,2011,25(4):321-328
[29]张文颖.保幅性三维傅里叶变换叠前道内插技术研究[D].北京:中国石油大学,2011Zhang W Y.Amplitude-preserved prestack interpo-lation of seismic data with 3-D Fourier Transform[D].Beijing:China University of Petroleum,2011
[2]陈可洋.高阶弹性波波动方程正演模拟及逆时偏移成像研究[D].大庆:大庆石油学院,2009Chen K Y.High-order elastic wave equation forwardmodeling and reverse-time migration[D].Daqing:Daqing Petroleum Institute,2009
[3]Huang Y,Lin D,Bai B,et al.Challenges in presaltdepth imaging of the deepwater Santos Basin,Brazil[J].The Leading Edge,2010,29(8):820-825
[4]刘红伟,刘洪,邹振.地震叠前逆时偏移中的去噪与存储[J].地球物理学报,2010,53(9):2171-2180Liu H W,Liu H,Zou Z,et al.The problems of de-noise and storage in seismic reverse time migration[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2010,53(9):2171-2180
[5]陈可洋.两种类型共炮点域相关型叠前深度成像方法[J].内陆地震,2012,26(1):17-27Chen K Y.Two kinds of correlation type pre-stackdepth migration methods in common shot domain[J].Inland Earthquake,2012,26(1):17-27
[6]陈可洋.地震波逆时偏移方法研究综述[J].勘探地球物理进展,2010,33(3):153-159Chen K Y.Reviews on seismic wave reverse-timemigration methods[J].Progress in Exploration Geo-physics,2010,33(3):153-159
[7]杨仁虎,常旭,刘伊克.叠前逆时偏移影响因素分析[J].地球物理学报,2010,53(8):1902-1913Yang R H,Chang X,Liu Y K.The influence factorsanalysis of imaging precision in pre-stack reversetime migration[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2010,53(8):1902-1913
[8]陈可洋.基于高阶有限差分的波动方程叠前逆时偏移方法[J].石油物探,2009,48(5):475-478Chen K Y.Wave equation pre-stack reverse-time mi-gration scheme based on high-order finite-difference[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2009,48(5):475-478
[9]陈可洋.正演子波响应特征及逆时成像分析[J].石油物探,2011,50(5):455-462Chen K Y.Seismic wavelet response characteristicand reverse-time migration analysis[J].GeophysicalProspecting for Petroleum,2011,50(5):455-462
[10]陈可洋.地震波旅行时计算方法及其模型试验分析[J].石油物探,2010,49(2):153-157Chen K Y.Seismic wave travel-time computationalmethod and its model experiment analysis[J].Geo-physical Prospecting for Petroleum,2010,49(2):153-157
[11]陈可洋.地震波数值模拟中差分阶数的边界效应[J].高原地震,2011,23(1):20-23Chen K Y.Difference order’s boundary effect of theseismic wave numerical simulation[J].PlateauEarthquake Research,2011,23(1):20-23
[12]陈可洋.地震波数值模拟中优化的通量校正传输方法[J].内陆地震,2012,26(3):169-179Chen K Y.An optimized flux-corrected transportscheme in the seismic wave numerical simulation[J].Inland Earthquake,2012,26(2):169-179
[13]陈可洋,吴清岭,范兴才,等.地震波叠前逆时偏移脉冲响应研究与应用[J].石油物探,2013,52(2):163-170Chen K Y,Wu Q L,Fan X C,et al.Study on seismicwave pre-stack reverse-time migration’s impulse re-sponse and its application[J].Geophysical Prospec-ting for Petroleum,2013,52(2):163-170
[14]Pavloske K,Beyoglu J.Pre-processing improvementsfor enhanced PSTM and TTI PSDM images in theSantos Basin:a case history[J].Expanded Abstractsof 81st Annual Internat SEG Mtg,2011,3258-3262
[15]陈可洋.时限时移相关法叠前逆时成像条件及其应用[J].石油物探,2011,50(1):22-26Chen K Y.Time-limited time-shift correlation pre-stack reverse-time image condition and its applica-tion[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2010,50(1):22-26
[16]Yoon K,Marfurt K J.Reverse-time migration usingthe Poynting vector[J].Exploration Geophysics,2006,37(1):102-107
[17]Liu F Q,Zhang G,Morton S A,et al.Reverse-timemigration using one way wavefield imaging condi-tion[J].Expanded Abstracts of 77th Annual InternatSEG Mtg,2007,2170-2174
[18]Liu F Q,Zhang G,Morton S A,et al.An effectiveimaging condition for reverse-time migration usingwave-field decomposition[J].Geophysics,2011,76(1):S29-S39
[19]Fletcher R P,Fowler P J,Kitchenside P.Suppressingartifacts in prestack reverse time migration[J].Ex-panded Abstracts of 75th Annual Internat SEG Mtg,2005,2049-2051
[20]Guitton A,Kaelin B,Biondi B.Least-squares attenu-ation of reverse-time migration artifacts[J].Geo-physics,2007,72(1):S19-S23
[21]Zhang Y,James S.Practical issues of reverse timemigration:true amplitude gathers,noise removal andharmonic source encoding[C]∥CPS/SEG Beijing2009International Geophysical Cofference TechnicalProgram Expanded Abstracts.Beijing:CPS&SEG,2009:5
[22]陈可洋.基于拉普拉斯算子的叠前逆时噪声压制方法[J].岩性油气藏,2011,23(5):87-95Chen K Y.Pre-stack reverse-time noise suppressingmethod based on Laplacian operator[J].LithologicReservoirs,2011,23(5):87-95
[23]陈可洋.标量声波波动方程高阶交错网格有限差分法[J].中国海上油气,2009,21(4):232-236Chen K Y.High-order staggered-grid finite differ-ence scheme for scalar acoustic wave equation[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas,2009,21(4):232-236
[24]陈可洋.地震波数值模拟中差分近似的各向异性分析[J].石油物探,2010,49(1):19-22Chen K Y.Anisotropic analysis of difference approx-imation in seismic wave numerical modeling[J].Geo-physical Prospecting for Petroleum,2010,49(1):19-22
[25]陈可洋.完全匹配层吸收边界条件研究[J].石油物探,2010,49(5):472-477Chen K Y.Study on perfectly matched layer absorb-ing boundary condition[J].Geophysical Prospectingfor Petroleum,2010,49(5):472-477
[26]陈可洋.边界吸收中镶边法的评价[J].中国科学院研究生院学报,2010,27(2):170-175Chen K Y.Evaluation on the bordering method ofthe absorbing boundary condition[J].Journal of theGraduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sci-ences,2010,27(2):170-175
[27]陈可洋.网格剖分及其精度和计算量分析[J].内陆地震,2011,25(1):12-20Chen K Y.Mesh generation and its accuracy andcomputational amount analysis[J].Inland Earth-quake,2010,25(1):12-20
[28]陈可洋.数值模拟的尺度调节机理[J].内陆地震,2011,25(4):321-328Chen K Y.Scale adjusting mechanism on numericalsimulation[J].Inland Earthquake,2011,25(4):321-328
[29]张文颖.保幅性三维傅里叶变换叠前道内插技术研究[D].北京:中国石油大学,2011Zhang W Y.Amplitude-preserved prestack interpo-lation of seismic data with 3-D Fourier Transform[D].Beijing:China University of Petroleum,2011
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