洞庭盆地南缘常德-益阳-长沙断裂中段活动性研究
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摘要
通过对洞庭盆地南缘常德-益阳-长沙断裂中段较为详细的浅层物探、钻探、年代学测试以及地表地质地貌调查和综合分析等方面的工作,获得了一些新的认识:常德-益阳-长沙断裂中段(隐伏断裂)表现为一条倾向NNE的正断裂,断错了古近纪基岩顶界面,并向上切错下更新统的华田组(Q1pht)、汩罗组(Q1pm)和中更新统下段新开铺组(Q2px)底界面,而中更新统中段的白砂井组(Q2pb)则平整地覆盖在断裂之上,无任何变形和位错形迹。断裂的最新活动时代在中更新世早期,中更新世中晚期以来已无活动迹象。断裂两盘基岩顶界面(或下更新统底界面)垂直落差(即第四纪以来总断距)为16.10m;越往上断距越小。同一层位,断层上盘的华田组(Q1pht)和汩罗组(Q1pm)的沉积厚度远大于断层下盘的沉积厚度,表明该断裂的活动具有较多的边沉边断的同生性质。以与洞庭盆地南缘常德-益阳-长沙断裂中段对应的安乡-汉寿凹陷为例,通过对第四纪以来断裂控制的差异性沉降幅度与凹陷内沉积厚度的对比分析,初步认为安乡-汉寿凹陷主要是通过拗陷作用形成的,而不是断陷作用。洞庭盆地与周边隆起山地之间不但断裂发育,同时也是中强地震集中发生的地带。一条断裂是否存在断错早、中更新世地层的构造现象,是判断中强地震发震构造的一个重要标志。
According to the detailed shallow geophysical survey,drilling,dating,geological geomorphic investigation along the central segment of the Changde-Yiyang-Changshan Fault at the southern margin of Dongting Basin,features about its geometry,dynamics,active epochs and basin structural type are revealed.The central segment of the Changde-Yiyang-Changshan Fault(buried fault),a normal fault,dips to NNE.It not only offset the Eogene top boundary,but also displaced the Huatian group(Q1pht),Miluo group(Q1pm)of Lower-Pleistocene and Xinkaipu group(Q2px)of lower section of Middle-Pleistocene.The Baishajing group(Q2pb)in the middle section of Middle-Pleistocene overlays the fault without any deformation and disruption.The latest active age is the early Pleistocene,but no active evidences after the mid-late Pleistocene are found.Vertical displacement of the top of basal rock(or bottom of Lower Pleistocene),that is,the total offset at the Quaternary,is 16.10m,but it becomes smaller towards the surface.The fault was coetaneous with the sedimentation of Huatian group(Q1pht)and Miluo(Q1p1m).Based on the comparison of fault-controlled subsidence and sediment thickness,it can be concluded that the Anxiang-Hanshou depression was formed mainly by deformation,not by faulting.Both faults and moderate earthquakes are concentrated along the zones between Dongting Basin and surrounding uplifting mountains.It can be looked as an important evidence for determining the seismotectonics of moderate earthquake,whether a fault offsets the lower or middle Pleistocene.
According to the detailed shallow geophysical survey,drilling,dating,geological geomorphic investigation along the central segment of the Changde-Yiyang-Changshan Fault at the southern margin of Dongting Basin,features about its geometry,dynamics,active epochs and basin structural type are revealed.The central segment of the Changde-Yiyang-Changshan Fault(buried fault),a normal fault,dips to NNE.It not only offset the Eogene top boundary,but also displaced the Huatian group(Q1pht),Miluo group(Q1pm)of Lower-Pleistocene and Xinkaipu group(Q2px)of lower section of Middle-Pleistocene.The Baishajing group(Q2pb)in the middle section of Middle-Pleistocene overlays the fault without any deformation and disruption.The latest active age is the early Pleistocene,but no active evidences after the mid-late Pleistocene are found.Vertical displacement of the top of basal rock(or bottom of Lower Pleistocene),that is,the total offset at the Quaternary,is 16.10m,but it becomes smaller towards the surface.The fault was coetaneous with the sedimentation of Huatian group(Q1pht)and Miluo(Q1p1m).Based on the comparison of fault-controlled subsidence and sediment thickness,it can be concluded that the Anxiang-Hanshou depression was formed mainly by deformation,not by faulting.Both faults and moderate earthquakes are concentrated along the zones between Dongting Basin and surrounding uplifting mountains.It can be looked as an important evidence for determining the seismotectonics of moderate earthquake,whether a fault offsets the lower or middle Pleistocene.
引文
柏道远,李长安,王先辉,等.2010.第四纪洞庭盆地澧县凹陷构造活动特征及动力学机制探讨[J].地球学报,31(1):43—55.BAI Dao-yuan,LI Chang-an,WANG Xian-hui,et al.2010.Tectonic activities and dynamic mechanisms of the Quaterna-ry Lixian sag of Dongting Basin[J].Acta Geoscientica Sinica,31(1):43—55(in Chinese).
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戴传瑞,张廷山,郑华平,等.2006.盆山耦合关系的讨论:以洞庭盆地与周边造山带为例[J].沉积学报,24(5):657—665.DAI Chuan-rui,ZHANG Ting-shan,ZHENG Hua-ping,et al.2006.A discussion on basin mountain coupling:An example from Dongting Basin and its surrounding mountains[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,24(5):657—665(inChinese).
韩竹军,聂晓东,周本刚,等.2006.湖南常德地区桃源推测隐伏断层是否存在?[J].地震地质,28(1):1—11.HAN Zhu-jun,NIE Xiao-dong,ZHOU Ben-gang,et al.2006.Does the suggestively buried Taoyuan Fault in Changde region,Hunan Province,really exist?[J].Seismology and Geology,28(1):1—11(in Chinese).
韩竹军,邬伦,于贵华,等.2002.江淮地区布格重力异常与中强地震发生的构造环境分析[J].中国地震,18(3):230—238.HAN Zhu-jun,WU Lun,YU Gui-hua,et al.2002.The high gradients of Bouguer gravity anomalies and seismotectonicsof moderate earthquakes in Jianghuai region,China[J].Earthquake Research in China,18(3):230—238(inChinese).
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来红州,莫多闻.2004.构造沉降和泥沙淤积对洞庭湖区防洪的影响[J].地理学报,59(4):574—580.LAI Hong-zhou,MO Duo-wen.2004.The influences of the tectonic subsidence and the siltation on the situation of pre-venting flood disasters in the Dongting Lake area[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,59(4):574—580(in Chinese).
来红州,莫多闻,李新坡.2005.洞庭盆地第四纪红土层及古气候研究[J].沉积学报,23(1):130—137.LAI Hong-zhou,MO Duo-wen,LI Xin-po.2005.Research on the Quaternary laterite and paleoclimate in the DongtingBasin[J].Acta sedimentologica Sinica,23(1):130—137(in Chinese).
梁杏,张人权,皮建高,等.2001.构造沉降对近代洞庭湖区演变的贡献[J].海洋与湖沼,32(6):690—696.LIANG Xing,ZHANG Ren-quan,PI Jian-gao,et al.2001.Contributions of tectonic subsidence to the modern DongtingLake area evolution[J].Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica,32(6):690—696(in Chinese).
皮建高,张国梁,梁杏,等.2001.洞庭盆地第四纪沉积环境演变的初步分析[J].地质科技情报,20(2):6—10.PI Jian-gao,ZHANG Guo-liang,LIANG Xing,et al.2001.Preliminary research on sedimentary environment evolution inDongting Basin in the Quaternary period[J].Geological Science and Technology Information,20(2):6—10(inChinese).
徐杰,邓起东,张玉岫,等.1991.江汉-洞庭盆地构造特征和地震活动的初步分析[J].地震地质,13(4):332—342.XU Jie,DENG Qi-dong,ZHANG Yu-xiu,et al.1991.Structural features and seismicity in Jianghan-Dongting Lake Basin[J].Seismology and Geology,13(4):332—342(in Chinese).
徐锡伟,吴卫民,张先康,等.2002.首都圈地区地壳最新构造变动与地震[M].北京:科学出版社.XU Xi-wei,WU Wei-min,ZHANG Xian-kang,et al.2002.The Most Recent Tectonic Movement and Earthquakes inCapital Region[M].Science Press,Beijing(in Chinese).
薛宏交,耿爱玲,龚平.1996.江汉-洞庭盆地水系展布特征与新构造运动[J].地壳形变与地震,16(4):58—65.XUE Hong-jiao,GENG Ai-ling,GONG Ping.1996.Extension characteristics of river system and neo-tectonic movementin the Jianghan-Dongting Basin[J].Crustal Deformation and Earthquake,16(4):58—65(in Chinese).
杨达源.1986.洞庭湖的演变及其整治[J].地理研究,5(3):39—46.YANG Da-yuan.1986.On the evolution of the Dongting Lake during Holocene and the way of management[J].Geographical Research,5(3):39—46(in Chinese).
姚运生,刘锁旺,邵占英.2000.从江汉洞庭盆地新生代以来的构造变形探讨华南地块与周缘板块的相互关系[J].地壳形变与地震,20(4):41—49.YAO Yun-sheng,LIU Suo-wang,SHAO Zhan-ying.2000.Study on interrelation between South China block and its vicinal plate from tectonic deformation of Jianghan-Dongting Basin since Cenozoic[J].Crustal Deformation and Earthquake,20(4):41—49(in Chinese).
张人权.2003.洞庭湖区演变及洪灾成生与发展的系统分析[M].武汉:中国地质大学出版社.ZHANG Ren-quan.2003.Systematic Analysis of Donting Lake Evolution,Flood Disaster Creation and Development[M].China University of Geosciences Press,Wuhan(in Chinese).
张人权,梁杏,张国梁,等.2001.洞庭湖区第四纪气候变化的初步探讨[J].地质科技情报,20(2):1—5.ZHANG Ren-quan,LIANG Xing,ZHANG Guo-liang,et al.2001.A preliminary study of climatic change in DongtingLake area in the Quaternary period[J].Geological Science and Technology Information,20(2):1—5(in Chinese).
张石钧.1992.洞庭盆地的第四纪构造活动[J].地震地质,14(1):32—40.ZHANG Shi-jun.1992.The tectogenesis in the Quaternary period of the Dongting Basin[J].Seismology and Geology,14(1):32—40(in Chinese).
张晓阳,蔡述明,孙顺才.1994.全新世以来洞庭湖的演变[J].湖泊科学,6(1):13—21.ZHANG Xiao-yang,CAI Shu-ming,SUN Shun-cai.1994.Eevolution of Dongting Lake since Holocene[J].Journal ofLake Sciences,6(1):13—21(in Chinese).
Miller R D and Steeples D W.1994.The application of shallow high-resolution seismic reflection survey technique inevery kind of environment problem[J].Journal Appl Geophys,31(1):10—15.
Ronald T and Talwani P.2000.Evidence for a buried fault system in the Coastal Plain of the Carolinas and Virginia:Implications for neotectonics in the southeastern United States[J].Geological Society of America Bulletin,112(2):200—220.
柏道远,周柯军,马铁球,等.2009.第四纪洞庭盆地沅江凹陷东缘鹿角地区构造-沉积演化研究[J].地质力学学报,15(4):409—420.BAI Dao-yuan,ZHOU Ke-jun,MA Tie-qiu,et al.2009.Study on Quaternary tectonic sedimentary evolution of Lujiao area,east edge of Yuanjiang sag,Dongting Basin[J].Journal of Geomechanics,15(4):409—420(in Chinese).
蔡述明,官子和,孔昭宸,等.1984.从岩相特征和孢粉组合探讨洞庭盆地第四纪自然环境的变迁[J].海洋与湖沼,15(6):527—539.CAI Shu-ming,GUAN Zi-he,KONG Zhao-chen,et al.1984.Natural environment as reflected in sedimentary DongtingBasin in Quaternary[J].Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica,15(6):527—539(in Chinese).
戴传瑞,张廷山,郑华平,等.2006.盆山耦合关系的讨论:以洞庭盆地与周边造山带为例[J].沉积学报,24(5):657—665.DAI Chuan-rui,ZHANG Ting-shan,ZHENG Hua-ping,et al.2006.A discussion on basin mountain coupling:An example from Dongting Basin and its surrounding mountains[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,24(5):657—665(inChinese).
韩竹军,聂晓东,周本刚,等.2006.湖南常德地区桃源推测隐伏断层是否存在?[J].地震地质,28(1):1—11.HAN Zhu-jun,NIE Xiao-dong,ZHOU Ben-gang,et al.2006.Does the suggestively buried Taoyuan Fault in Changde region,Hunan Province,really exist?[J].Seismology and Geology,28(1):1—11(in Chinese).
韩竹军,邬伦,于贵华,等.2002.江淮地区布格重力异常与中强地震发生的构造环境分析[J].中国地震,18(3):230—238.HAN Zhu-jun,WU Lun,YU Gui-hua,et al.2002.The high gradients of Bouguer gravity anomalies and seismotectonicsof moderate earthquakes in Jianghuai region,China[J].Earthquake Research in China,18(3):230—238(inChinese).
景存义.1982.洞庭湖的形成与演变[J].南京师院学报自然科学版,(2):52—60.JING Cun-yi.1982.Formation and evolution of the Dongting Basin[J].Journal of Nanjing Normal University(NaturalScience Edition),(2):52—60(in Chinese).
来红州,莫多闻.2004.构造沉降和泥沙淤积对洞庭湖区防洪的影响[J].地理学报,59(4):574—580.LAI Hong-zhou,MO Duo-wen.2004.The influences of the tectonic subsidence and the siltation on the situation of pre-venting flood disasters in the Dongting Lake area[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,59(4):574—580(in Chinese).
来红州,莫多闻,李新坡.2005.洞庭盆地第四纪红土层及古气候研究[J].沉积学报,23(1):130—137.LAI Hong-zhou,MO Duo-wen,LI Xin-po.2005.Research on the Quaternary laterite and paleoclimate in the DongtingBasin[J].Acta sedimentologica Sinica,23(1):130—137(in Chinese).
梁杏,张人权,皮建高,等.2001.构造沉降对近代洞庭湖区演变的贡献[J].海洋与湖沼,32(6):690—696.LIANG Xing,ZHANG Ren-quan,PI Jian-gao,et al.2001.Contributions of tectonic subsidence to the modern DongtingLake area evolution[J].Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica,32(6):690—696(in Chinese).
皮建高,张国梁,梁杏,等.2001.洞庭盆地第四纪沉积环境演变的初步分析[J].地质科技情报,20(2):6—10.PI Jian-gao,ZHANG Guo-liang,LIANG Xing,et al.2001.Preliminary research on sedimentary environment evolution inDongting Basin in the Quaternary period[J].Geological Science and Technology Information,20(2):6—10(inChinese).
徐杰,邓起东,张玉岫,等.1991.江汉-洞庭盆地构造特征和地震活动的初步分析[J].地震地质,13(4):332—342.XU Jie,DENG Qi-dong,ZHANG Yu-xiu,et al.1991.Structural features and seismicity in Jianghan-Dongting Lake Basin[J].Seismology and Geology,13(4):332—342(in Chinese).
徐锡伟,吴卫民,张先康,等.2002.首都圈地区地壳最新构造变动与地震[M].北京:科学出版社.XU Xi-wei,WU Wei-min,ZHANG Xian-kang,et al.2002.The Most Recent Tectonic Movement and Earthquakes inCapital Region[M].Science Press,Beijing(in Chinese).
薛宏交,耿爱玲,龚平.1996.江汉-洞庭盆地水系展布特征与新构造运动[J].地壳形变与地震,16(4):58—65.XUE Hong-jiao,GENG Ai-ling,GONG Ping.1996.Extension characteristics of river system and neo-tectonic movementin the Jianghan-Dongting Basin[J].Crustal Deformation and Earthquake,16(4):58—65(in Chinese).
杨达源.1986.洞庭湖的演变及其整治[J].地理研究,5(3):39—46.YANG Da-yuan.1986.On the evolution of the Dongting Lake during Holocene and the way of management[J].Geographical Research,5(3):39—46(in Chinese).
姚运生,刘锁旺,邵占英.2000.从江汉洞庭盆地新生代以来的构造变形探讨华南地块与周缘板块的相互关系[J].地壳形变与地震,20(4):41—49.YAO Yun-sheng,LIU Suo-wang,SHAO Zhan-ying.2000.Study on interrelation between South China block and its vicinal plate from tectonic deformation of Jianghan-Dongting Basin since Cenozoic[J].Crustal Deformation and Earthquake,20(4):41—49(in Chinese).
张人权.2003.洞庭湖区演变及洪灾成生与发展的系统分析[M].武汉:中国地质大学出版社.ZHANG Ren-quan.2003.Systematic Analysis of Donting Lake Evolution,Flood Disaster Creation and Development[M].China University of Geosciences Press,Wuhan(in Chinese).
张人权,梁杏,张国梁,等.2001.洞庭湖区第四纪气候变化的初步探讨[J].地质科技情报,20(2):1—5.ZHANG Ren-quan,LIANG Xing,ZHANG Guo-liang,et al.2001.A preliminary study of climatic change in DongtingLake area in the Quaternary period[J].Geological Science and Technology Information,20(2):1—5(in Chinese).
张石钧.1992.洞庭盆地的第四纪构造活动[J].地震地质,14(1):32—40.ZHANG Shi-jun.1992.The tectogenesis in the Quaternary period of the Dongting Basin[J].Seismology and Geology,14(1):32—40(in Chinese).
张晓阳,蔡述明,孙顺才.1994.全新世以来洞庭湖的演变[J].湖泊科学,6(1):13—21.ZHANG Xiao-yang,CAI Shu-ming,SUN Shun-cai.1994.Eevolution of Dongting Lake since Holocene[J].Journal ofLake Sciences,6(1):13—21(in Chinese).
Miller R D and Steeples D W.1994.The application of shallow high-resolution seismic reflection survey technique inevery kind of environment problem[J].Journal Appl Geophys,31(1):10—15.
Ronald T and Talwani P.2000.Evidence for a buried fault system in the Coastal Plain of the Carolinas and Virginia:Implications for neotectonics in the southeastern United States[J].Geological Society of America Bulletin,112(2):200—220.
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