华北地区小震精定位及构造意义
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摘要
收集了华北地区2001年10月—2009年9月发生在该区内的7519次地震事件被166个数字化地震台站记录到的74181条P波和74465条S波到时资料,采用双差定位法对这些小震进行了重新定位,最终得到了5511次小震的定位结果.结果表明,重新定位后的结果较好地改进了原定位的精度.从平面上来看,重新定位后的小震更加集中于断裂带附近,条带状更为明显.从震源深度分布来看,研究区内重新定位后小震的震源深度多集中在5—15km的范围内,表明研究区孕震层基本位于地壳的中上部,但不同地震带上小震分布的优势深度存在明显差异.山西地震带上的小震多集中在上地壳,而张家口—渤海地震带陆区部分包括唐山断裂带及邢台地震段上的小震多集中于中上地壳.本研究结果还获得了前人研究结果未揭示的小震分布规律:①在唐山断裂带北段东侧存在一个近北北东走向的小震活动;②渤海海域地震带上的小震多处于10km深度处,且有些断层上的小震展示出从地表至10km深度处的垂直分布;③太行山前的小震随深度向太行山下方有逐渐变深的趋势,表征太行山山前断裂带东西两侧孕震层有显著差异.这些结果对于认识华北地区地震断层及深部动力学过程均有重要意义.
In the present study we collected 74181 P-wave and 74465 S-wave arrival times from 7519 local earthquakes in North China recorded by 166 seismic stations during October 2001 to September 2009,and relocated these earthquakes by using double-difference location algorithm,finally obtained 5511 relocated earthquakes.Our result shows that the locations of the relocated earthquakes have been improved significantly over those of original ones.In map view the relocated earthquakes are more concentrated on obvious strips around the faults,while most of them occurred at 5—15 km depths,suggesting the seismogenic layer in the region being in the mid-upper crust.However,different seismic zones show obvious contrasts in predominant earthquake focal depths.Most small earthquakes around the Shanxi seismic zone occurred in upper crust,while those in continental part of the Zhang--Bo seismic zone and in Xingtai seismic zone mainly occurred in mid-upper crust.The present study obtained some results not revealed by previous studies:① Small earthquakes occurred in NNE--SSW trend on east side of the northern segment of the Tangshan seismic zone.② Most relocated earthquakes in sea region of the Bohai sea zone are at about 10 km depth,with a few earthquakes having a depth from a few to 10 km.③ Small earthquakes around the fault zone in front Taihang mountain gets deeper westward under the mountain,suggesting a deeper seismogenic layer beneath the mountain.These results are helpful for understanding fault seismic activity and deep mantle dynamics of North China region.
In the present study we collected 74181 P-wave and 74465 S-wave arrival times from 7519 local earthquakes in North China recorded by 166 seismic stations during October 2001 to September 2009,and relocated these earthquakes by using double-difference location algorithm,finally obtained 5511 relocated earthquakes.Our result shows that the locations of the relocated earthquakes have been improved significantly over those of original ones.In map view the relocated earthquakes are more concentrated on obvious strips around the faults,while most of them occurred at 5—15 km depths,suggesting the seismogenic layer in the region being in the mid-upper crust.However,different seismic zones show obvious contrasts in predominant earthquake focal depths.Most small earthquakes around the Shanxi seismic zone occurred in upper crust,while those in continental part of the Zhang--Bo seismic zone and in Xingtai seismic zone mainly occurred in mid-upper crust.The present study obtained some results not revealed by previous studies:① Small earthquakes occurred in NNE--SSW trend on east side of the northern segment of the Tangshan seismic zone.② Most relocated earthquakes in sea region of the Bohai sea zone are at about 10 km depth,with a few earthquakes having a depth from a few to 10 km.③ Small earthquakes around the fault zone in front Taihang mountain gets deeper westward under the mountain,suggesting a deeper seismogenic layer beneath the mountain.These results are helpful for understanding fault seismic activity and deep mantle dynamics of North China region.
引文
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刁桂苓,张四昌,孙佩卿,孙佩卿,张跃刚,高景春,毛国良.2006.2006年7月4日文安5.1级地震[J].地震地质,28(3):497-502.
方颖,张晶.2009.张家口—渤海断裂带分段活动性研究[J].地震,29(3):136-140.
国家地震局《深部物探成果》编写组.1986.中国地壳上地幔深部探测成果[M].北京:地震出版社:1-407.
侯廷爱,程新原,孟雁英,阎维彰.1997.太原盆地震群的几个特征[J].山西地震,(3):12-17.
环文林,汪素云,常向东,武宦英,李群.1989.渤海地震活动特征[J].地震研究,12(1):1-9.
嘉世旭,齐诚,王夫运,陈棋福,张先康,陈颙.2005.首都圈地壳网格化三维结构[J].地球物理学报,48(6):1316-1324.
赖晓玲,孙译,刘志.2006.华北强震区地震测深研究[J].大地测量与地球动力学,26(1):55-62.
赖晓玲,李松林,孙译.2007.渤海及邻区3次7级以上地震的深部构造背景[J].大地测量与地球动力学,27(1):31-33.
李传金,徐佩芬,孙勇军,贾建喜.2010.用远震接收函数研究山西地区地壳厚度变化:“晋中坡折带”及其地质意义探讨[J].地球物理学报,53(5):1143-1148.
李乐,陈棋福,陈颙.2007.首都圈地震活动构造成因的小震精定位分析[J].地球物理学进展,22(1):24-34.
刘光勋,阎凤忠.1995.从山西地震带看大同—阳高地震[J].山西地震,(1):3-6.
苗庆杰,周翠英,马玉香,苗春兰,李霞,刘霞.2010.1969年渤海7.4级地震研究述评[J].华北地震科学,28(1):9-15.
齐诚,赵大鹏,陈颙,陈棋福,王宝善.2006.首都圈地区地壳P波和S波三维速度结构及其与大地震的关系[J].地球物理学报,49(3):805-815.
孙若昧,刘福田.1995.京津唐地区地壳结构与强震的发生:Ⅰ.P波速度结构[J].地球物理学报,38(5):599-607.
滕吉文,张中杰,张秉铭,杨顶辉,万志超,张慧.1997.渤海地球物理场与深部潜在地幔热柱的异常构造背景[J].地球物理学报,40(4):468-480.
万永革,沈正康,刁桂苓,王福昌,胡新亮,盛书中.2008.利用小震分布和区域应力场确定大震断层面参数方法及其在唐山地震序列中的应用[J].地球物理学报,51(3):569-583.
王福昌,万永革,胡顺田.2008.粒子群算法在主震断层面参数估计中的应用[J].地震研究,31(2):149-154.
王秀文,宋美琴,杨国华,李斌,杨晓泓.2010.山西地区应力场变化与地震的关系[J].地球物理学报,53(5):1127-1133.
徐杰,方仲景,杨理华.1988.1966年邢台7.2级地震的构造背景和发震构造[J].地震地质,10(4):51-59.
徐杰,宋长青,楚全芝.1998.张家口—蓬莱断裂带地震构造特征的初步探讨[J].地震地质,20(2):146-154.
徐杰,高战武,宋长青,孙建宝.2000.太行山山前断裂带的构造特征[J].地震地质,22(2):111-122.
徐锡伟,于贵华,王峰,顾梦林,孙振国,刘保金,尤惠川.2000.1966年邢台地震群的发震构造模型:新生断层形成?先存活断层摩擦粘滑?[J].中国地震,16(4):364-378.
许桂林,范国胜.1986.华北盆地北部断裂活动特征及其与地震的关系[J].华北地震科学,4(1):37-47.
杨智娴,陈运泰.2004.用双差地震定位法再次精确测定1998年张北—尚义地震序列的震源参数[J].地震学报,26(2):115-120.
于湘伟,陈运泰,王培德.2003.京津唐地区中上地壳三维P波速度结构[J].地震学报,25(1):1-14.
于湘伟,陈运泰,张怀.2010a.京津唐地区中小地震重新定位[J].地震学报,32(3):257-269.
于湘伟,张怀,陈运泰.2010b.华北地区地震重新定位结果分析[J].大地测量与地球动力学,30(2):29-33.
曾融生,孙为国,毛桐恩,林中洋,胡鸿翔,陈光英.1995.中国大陆莫霍界面深度图[J].地震学报,17(3):322-326.
朱艾斓,徐锡伟,胡平,周永胜,林元武,陈桂华,甘卫军.2005.首都圈地区小震重新定位及其在地震构造研究中的应用[J].地质评论,51(3):268-274.
Bai L,Kawasaki1I,Zhang T Z,Ishikawa Y.2006.An improved double-difference earthquake location algorithm usingsP phases:application to the foreshock and aftershock sequences of the2004earthquake offshore of the Kii peninsu-la,Japan(MW=7.5)[J].Earth Planets Space,58:823-830.
Bassin C,Laske G,Masters G.2000.The current limits of resolution for surface wave tomography in North America[J].EOS Trans AGU,81:F897.
Fukuyama E,Ellsworth W L,Waldhauser F,Kubo A.2003.Detailed fault structure of the2000western Tottori,Ja-pan,earthquake sequence[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,93(4):1468-1478.
He J K,Cai D S,Li Y X,Gong Z.2004.Active extension of the Shanxi rift,north China:does it result from anticlock-wise block rotations?[J].Terra Nova,16(1):38-42.
Huang J L,Zhao D P.2004.Crustal heterogeneity and seismotectonics of the region around Beijing,China[J].Tectono-physic,385(1-4):159-180.
Lei J S,Xie F R,Lan C X,Xing C Q,Ma S Z.2008.Seismic images under the Beijing region inferred from P and PmPdata[J].Phys Earth Planet Inter,168(3-4):134-146
Lei J S,Zhao D P,Xie F R,Liu J.2011.An attempt to detect temporal variations of crustal structure in the source areaof the2006Wen-An earthquake in North China[J].J Asian Earth Sci,40(4):958-976.
Lei J S,Zhao D P.2005.P-wave tomography and origin of the Changbai intraplate volcano in Northeast Asia[J].Tec-tonophysics,397(3-4):281-295.
Lei J S,Zhao D P.2006.Global P-wave tomography:On the effect of various mantle and core phases[J].Phys EarthPlanet Interi,154(1):44-69.
Liu M,Cui X J,Liu F T.2004.Cenozoic rifting and volcanism in eastern China:A mantle dynamic link to the Indo-Asi-an collision?[J].Tectonophysics,393(1-4):29-42.
Mooney W,Laske G,Masters G.1998.CRUST5.1:A global crustal model at5°×5°[J].J Geophys Res,103(B1):727-747.
Paige C C,Saunders M A.1982.LSQR:Sparse linear equations and least squares problems[J].ACM Transactions onMathematical Software,8(2):195-209.
Waldhauser F,Ellsworth W L.2000.A double difference earthquake location algorithm:method and application to theNorth Hayward fault,California[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,90(6):1353-1368.
Wan Y G.2010.Contemporary tectonic stress field in China[J].Earthquake Sci,23(4):377-386.
Yin A.2000.Mode of Cenozoic east-west extension in Tibet suggesting a common origin of rifts in Asia during the Indo-Asian collision[J].J Geophys Res,105(B9):21745-21759.
Zhao D P.2004.Global tomographic images of mantle plumes and subducting slabs:insight into deep Earth dynamics[J].Phys Earth Planet Interi,146(1-2):3-34.
刁桂苓,张四昌,孙佩卿,孙佩卿,张跃刚,高景春,毛国良.2006.2006年7月4日文安5.1级地震[J].地震地质,28(3):497-502.
方颖,张晶.2009.张家口—渤海断裂带分段活动性研究[J].地震,29(3):136-140.
国家地震局《深部物探成果》编写组.1986.中国地壳上地幔深部探测成果[M].北京:地震出版社:1-407.
侯廷爱,程新原,孟雁英,阎维彰.1997.太原盆地震群的几个特征[J].山西地震,(3):12-17.
环文林,汪素云,常向东,武宦英,李群.1989.渤海地震活动特征[J].地震研究,12(1):1-9.
嘉世旭,齐诚,王夫运,陈棋福,张先康,陈颙.2005.首都圈地壳网格化三维结构[J].地球物理学报,48(6):1316-1324.
赖晓玲,孙译,刘志.2006.华北强震区地震测深研究[J].大地测量与地球动力学,26(1):55-62.
赖晓玲,李松林,孙译.2007.渤海及邻区3次7级以上地震的深部构造背景[J].大地测量与地球动力学,27(1):31-33.
李传金,徐佩芬,孙勇军,贾建喜.2010.用远震接收函数研究山西地区地壳厚度变化:“晋中坡折带”及其地质意义探讨[J].地球物理学报,53(5):1143-1148.
李乐,陈棋福,陈颙.2007.首都圈地震活动构造成因的小震精定位分析[J].地球物理学进展,22(1):24-34.
刘光勋,阎凤忠.1995.从山西地震带看大同—阳高地震[J].山西地震,(1):3-6.
苗庆杰,周翠英,马玉香,苗春兰,李霞,刘霞.2010.1969年渤海7.4级地震研究述评[J].华北地震科学,28(1):9-15.
齐诚,赵大鹏,陈颙,陈棋福,王宝善.2006.首都圈地区地壳P波和S波三维速度结构及其与大地震的关系[J].地球物理学报,49(3):805-815.
孙若昧,刘福田.1995.京津唐地区地壳结构与强震的发生:Ⅰ.P波速度结构[J].地球物理学报,38(5):599-607.
滕吉文,张中杰,张秉铭,杨顶辉,万志超,张慧.1997.渤海地球物理场与深部潜在地幔热柱的异常构造背景[J].地球物理学报,40(4):468-480.
万永革,沈正康,刁桂苓,王福昌,胡新亮,盛书中.2008.利用小震分布和区域应力场确定大震断层面参数方法及其在唐山地震序列中的应用[J].地球物理学报,51(3):569-583.
王福昌,万永革,胡顺田.2008.粒子群算法在主震断层面参数估计中的应用[J].地震研究,31(2):149-154.
王秀文,宋美琴,杨国华,李斌,杨晓泓.2010.山西地区应力场变化与地震的关系[J].地球物理学报,53(5):1127-1133.
徐杰,方仲景,杨理华.1988.1966年邢台7.2级地震的构造背景和发震构造[J].地震地质,10(4):51-59.
徐杰,宋长青,楚全芝.1998.张家口—蓬莱断裂带地震构造特征的初步探讨[J].地震地质,20(2):146-154.
徐杰,高战武,宋长青,孙建宝.2000.太行山山前断裂带的构造特征[J].地震地质,22(2):111-122.
徐锡伟,于贵华,王峰,顾梦林,孙振国,刘保金,尤惠川.2000.1966年邢台地震群的发震构造模型:新生断层形成?先存活断层摩擦粘滑?[J].中国地震,16(4):364-378.
许桂林,范国胜.1986.华北盆地北部断裂活动特征及其与地震的关系[J].华北地震科学,4(1):37-47.
杨智娴,陈运泰.2004.用双差地震定位法再次精确测定1998年张北—尚义地震序列的震源参数[J].地震学报,26(2):115-120.
于湘伟,陈运泰,王培德.2003.京津唐地区中上地壳三维P波速度结构[J].地震学报,25(1):1-14.
于湘伟,陈运泰,张怀.2010a.京津唐地区中小地震重新定位[J].地震学报,32(3):257-269.
于湘伟,张怀,陈运泰.2010b.华北地区地震重新定位结果分析[J].大地测量与地球动力学,30(2):29-33.
曾融生,孙为国,毛桐恩,林中洋,胡鸿翔,陈光英.1995.中国大陆莫霍界面深度图[J].地震学报,17(3):322-326.
朱艾斓,徐锡伟,胡平,周永胜,林元武,陈桂华,甘卫军.2005.首都圈地区小震重新定位及其在地震构造研究中的应用[J].地质评论,51(3):268-274.
Bai L,Kawasaki1I,Zhang T Z,Ishikawa Y.2006.An improved double-difference earthquake location algorithm usingsP phases:application to the foreshock and aftershock sequences of the2004earthquake offshore of the Kii peninsu-la,Japan(MW=7.5)[J].Earth Planets Space,58:823-830.
Bassin C,Laske G,Masters G.2000.The current limits of resolution for surface wave tomography in North America[J].EOS Trans AGU,81:F897.
Fukuyama E,Ellsworth W L,Waldhauser F,Kubo A.2003.Detailed fault structure of the2000western Tottori,Ja-pan,earthquake sequence[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,93(4):1468-1478.
He J K,Cai D S,Li Y X,Gong Z.2004.Active extension of the Shanxi rift,north China:does it result from anticlock-wise block rotations?[J].Terra Nova,16(1):38-42.
Huang J L,Zhao D P.2004.Crustal heterogeneity and seismotectonics of the region around Beijing,China[J].Tectono-physic,385(1-4):159-180.
Lei J S,Xie F R,Lan C X,Xing C Q,Ma S Z.2008.Seismic images under the Beijing region inferred from P and PmPdata[J].Phys Earth Planet Inter,168(3-4):134-146
Lei J S,Zhao D P,Xie F R,Liu J.2011.An attempt to detect temporal variations of crustal structure in the source areaof the2006Wen-An earthquake in North China[J].J Asian Earth Sci,40(4):958-976.
Lei J S,Zhao D P.2005.P-wave tomography and origin of the Changbai intraplate volcano in Northeast Asia[J].Tec-tonophysics,397(3-4):281-295.
Lei J S,Zhao D P.2006.Global P-wave tomography:On the effect of various mantle and core phases[J].Phys EarthPlanet Interi,154(1):44-69.
Liu M,Cui X J,Liu F T.2004.Cenozoic rifting and volcanism in eastern China:A mantle dynamic link to the Indo-Asi-an collision?[J].Tectonophysics,393(1-4):29-42.
Mooney W,Laske G,Masters G.1998.CRUST5.1:A global crustal model at5°×5°[J].J Geophys Res,103(B1):727-747.
Paige C C,Saunders M A.1982.LSQR:Sparse linear equations and least squares problems[J].ACM Transactions onMathematical Software,8(2):195-209.
Waldhauser F,Ellsworth W L.2000.A double difference earthquake location algorithm:method and application to theNorth Hayward fault,California[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,90(6):1353-1368.
Wan Y G.2010.Contemporary tectonic stress field in China[J].Earthquake Sci,23(4):377-386.
Yin A.2000.Mode of Cenozoic east-west extension in Tibet suggesting a common origin of rifts in Asia during the Indo-Asian collision[J].J Geophys Res,105(B9):21745-21759.
Zhao D P.2004.Global tomographic images of mantle plumes and subducting slabs:insight into deep Earth dynamics[J].Phys Earth Planet Interi,146(1-2):3-34.
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