三维弯曲界面炮集P波反射时距特征分析
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摘要
对于三维反射地震,文中将三维弯曲界面视为倾向和倾角变化的三维倾斜界面的包络,并依据三维倾斜界面反射提出计算三维弯曲界面P波反射时距的一种新方法。该方法基于倾角CDP理论,从界面反射点出发,给出地表CDP网格点,由检波点位置计算炮点位置,得到三维地震的炮点网格和检波点网格的分布关系,最终计算P波的三维反射时距。炮集数值模拟的结果表明,该方法有较高的计算效率,便于分析反射时距随炮点位置的变化,特别能揭示界面反射点位置和时距的关系。三维弯曲界面和三维倾斜界面的反射时距特征对比表明,仅从同一测线方位的时距难以将这两种类型的界面反射区分开来,但比较不同方位的时距差异可以解决这一问题。
It's very difficult and time-consuming to calculate the precise location of the reflection points in the reflection time-distance simulation of 3D complex tectonic model. In order to analyze the P-wave reflection time-distance characteristic systematically and accurately,the paper regards 3D curved inter- face as the envelope of 3D dipping interface with different tendencies and inclinations,and presents a new method for calculating P - wave reflection time-distance from 3D curved interface,using the prin- ciple of reflection from 3D dipping interface. Based on the dip layer CDP theory,the location of shot points and reflection travel times are obtained from the positions of receivers and surface CDPs,finally the 3D P-wave reflection records of shot gather are received,assuming that the distribution of interface reflection points is known. Numerical simulation results of shot gather show that this method has high computing efficiency and can be applied to analysis of the P-wave reflection time-distance characteris- tic with different positions of shots; especially it can reveal the relation between reflection points and time-distance curve. The reflection time-distance feature comparison of 3D curved interface and 3D dipping interface shows that it's very hard to distinguish time-distance characters between two types of interfaces only from the same survey line orientation,and this problem can be solved by comparing time-distance differences from different survey orientations.
It's very difficult and time-consuming to calculate the precise location of the reflection points in the reflection time-distance simulation of 3D complex tectonic model. In order to analyze the P-wave reflection time-distance characteristic systematically and accurately,the paper regards 3D curved inter- face as the envelope of 3D dipping interface with different tendencies and inclinations,and presents a new method for calculating P - wave reflection time-distance from 3D curved interface,using the prin- ciple of reflection from 3D dipping interface. Based on the dip layer CDP theory,the location of shot points and reflection travel times are obtained from the positions of receivers and surface CDPs,finally the 3D P-wave reflection records of shot gather are received,assuming that the distribution of interface reflection points is known. Numerical simulation results of shot gather show that this method has high computing efficiency and can be applied to analysis of the P-wave reflection time-distance characteris- tic with different positions of shots; especially it can reveal the relation between reflection points and time-distance curve. The reflection time-distance feature comparison of 3D curved interface and 3D dipping interface shows that it's very hard to distinguish time-distance characters between two types of interfaces only from the same survey line orientation,and this problem can be solved by comparing time-distance differences from different survey orientations.
引文
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张美根,程冰洁,李小凡,等.2006.一种最短路径射线追踪的快速算法[J].地球物理学报,49(5):1467—1474.ZHANG Mei-gen,CHENG Bing-jie,LI Xiao-fan,et al.2006.A fast algorithm of shortest path ray tracing[J].Chinese JGeophys,19(5):1467—1474(in Chinese).
张中杰.2002.多分量地震资料的各向异性处理与解释方法[M].哈尔滨:黑龙江教育出版社.1—13.ZHANG Zhong-jie.2002.Multi-component Seismic Data Processing and Interpretation for Anisotropy[M].HeilongjiangEducation Press,Haerbin.1—13(in Chinese).
赵爱华,张中杰,彭苏萍.2003.复杂地质模型转换波快速射线追踪方法[J].中国矿业大学学报,32(5):513—516.ZHAO Ai-hua,ZHANG Zhong-jie,PENG Su-ping.2003.Fast ray tracing method for converted waves in complex media[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,32(5):513—516(in Chinese).
赵爱华,张中杰.2004.三维复杂介质中转换波走时快速计算[J].地球物理学报,47(4):702—707.ZHAO Ai-hua,ZHANG Zhong-jie.2004.Fast calculation of converted wave traveltime in3-D complex media[J].Chi-nese J Geophys,47(4):702—707(in Chinese).
Aki K,Richards P G.1986.Quantitative Seismology:Theory and Methods[M].San Francisco:Freeman.125.
French W S.1974.Two-dimensional and three-dimensional migration of model-experiment reflection profiles[J].Geo-physics,39(3):265—277.
Levin F K.1971.Apparent velocity from dipping interface reflection[J].Geophysics,36(3):510—516.
Moser T J.1991.Shortest path calculation of seismic rays[J].Geophysics,56(1):59—67.
NakanishiⅠ,Yamaguchi K.1986.A numerical experiment on nonlinear image reconstruction from first arrival times fortwo dimensional island arc structure[J].J Phys Earth,34(2):195—201.
Vidale J E.1988.Finite-difference calculation of traveltimes[J].BSSA,78(6):2062—2076.
Xu T,Xu G M,Gao E G,et al.2006.Block modeling and segmentally iterative ray tracing in complex3D media[J].Geophysics,71(3):T41—T51.doi:10.1190/1.2192948.
Xu T,Zhang Z J,Gao E G,et al.2010.Segmentally iterative ray tracing in complex2D and3D heterogeneous blockmodels[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,100(2):841—850.doi:10.1785/012009155.
裴正林,牟永光.2004.地震波传播数值模拟[J].地球物理学进展,19(4):933—941.PEI Zheng-lin,MU Yong-guang.2004.Numerical simulation of seismic wave propagation[J].Progress in Geophys,19(4):933—941(in Chinese).
佘德平.2004.波场数值模拟技术[J].勘探地球物理进展,27(1):16—21.SHE De-ping.2004.On wave field numerical modeling techniques[J].Progress in Exploration Geophysics,27(1):16—21(in Chinese).
王辉,常旭.2000.基于图形结构的三维射线追踪方法[J].地球物理学报,43(4):534—541.WANG Hui,CHANG Xu.2000.3-D ray tracing method based on graphic structure[J].Chinese J Geophys,43(4):534—541(in Chinese).
徐昇,杨长春,刘洪,等.1996.射线追踪的微变网格法[J].地球物理学报,39(1):97—102.XU Sheng,YANG Chang-chun,LIU Hong,et al.1996.A grid-changeable method for ray tracing[J].Chinese J Geo-phys,39(1):97—102(in Chinese).
徐涛,徐果明,高尔根,等.2004.三维复杂介质的块状建模和试射射线追踪[J].地球物理学报,47(6):1118—1126.XU Tao,XU Guo-ming,GAO Er-gen,et al.2004.Block modeling and shooting ray tracing in complex3D media[J].Chinese J Geophys,47(6):1118—1126(in Chinese).
姚陈,于光明,蔡明刚.2005.倾角CDP和倾角CCP叠加[A].见:中国地球物理第二十一届年会论文集,长春.556.YAO Chen,YU Guang-ming,CAI Ming-gang.2005.The stack of dip CDP and dip CCP[A].In:the21th Conferenceof Chinese Geophysical Society,Changchun.556(in Chinese).
姚陈.2009.三维叠前时间偏移-倾斜路径面替代垂直路径面[A].见:中国地球物理第二十五届年会论文集,合肥.585.YAO Chen.2009.3-D pre-stack time migration The inclined raypath plane instead of vertical one[A].In:the25thConference of Chinese Geophysical Society,Hefei.585(in Chinese).
张霖斌,姚振兴,纪晨.1996.地震初至波走时的有限差分计算[J].地球物理学进展,11(4):47—52.ZHANG Lin-bin,YAO Zhen-xing,JI Chen.1996.Finite difference calculation of seismic first-arrival traveltime[J].Progress in Geophys,11(4):47—52(in Chinese).
张美根,程冰洁,李小凡,等.2006.一种最短路径射线追踪的快速算法[J].地球物理学报,49(5):1467—1474.ZHANG Mei-gen,CHENG Bing-jie,LI Xiao-fan,et al.2006.A fast algorithm of shortest path ray tracing[J].Chinese JGeophys,19(5):1467—1474(in Chinese).
张中杰.2002.多分量地震资料的各向异性处理与解释方法[M].哈尔滨:黑龙江教育出版社.1—13.ZHANG Zhong-jie.2002.Multi-component Seismic Data Processing and Interpretation for Anisotropy[M].HeilongjiangEducation Press,Haerbin.1—13(in Chinese).
赵爱华,张中杰,彭苏萍.2003.复杂地质模型转换波快速射线追踪方法[J].中国矿业大学学报,32(5):513—516.ZHAO Ai-hua,ZHANG Zhong-jie,PENG Su-ping.2003.Fast ray tracing method for converted waves in complex media[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,32(5):513—516(in Chinese).
赵爱华,张中杰.2004.三维复杂介质中转换波走时快速计算[J].地球物理学报,47(4):702—707.ZHAO Ai-hua,ZHANG Zhong-jie.2004.Fast calculation of converted wave traveltime in3-D complex media[J].Chi-nese J Geophys,47(4):702—707(in Chinese).
Aki K,Richards P G.1986.Quantitative Seismology:Theory and Methods[M].San Francisco:Freeman.125.
French W S.1974.Two-dimensional and three-dimensional migration of model-experiment reflection profiles[J].Geo-physics,39(3):265—277.
Levin F K.1971.Apparent velocity from dipping interface reflection[J].Geophysics,36(3):510—516.
Moser T J.1991.Shortest path calculation of seismic rays[J].Geophysics,56(1):59—67.
NakanishiⅠ,Yamaguchi K.1986.A numerical experiment on nonlinear image reconstruction from first arrival times fortwo dimensional island arc structure[J].J Phys Earth,34(2):195—201.
Vidale J E.1988.Finite-difference calculation of traveltimes[J].BSSA,78(6):2062—2076.
Xu T,Xu G M,Gao E G,et al.2006.Block modeling and segmentally iterative ray tracing in complex3D media[J].Geophysics,71(3):T41—T51.doi:10.1190/1.2192948.
Xu T,Zhang Z J,Gao E G,et al.2010.Segmentally iterative ray tracing in complex2D and3D heterogeneous blockmodels[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,100(2):841—850.doi:10.1785/012009155.
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