2003年云南大姚两次强震破裂区重叠程度的研究
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摘要
地震破裂后,破裂区应变能是否已经充分释放,能否在破裂面内再次发生震级接近的地震,是双主震研究的重要问题.通过对2003年云南大姚两个地震序列的双差定位,发现余震区扩展,但两余震区无论在深度上还是在水平位置上基本不重叠.又通过相对定位的方法,发现7月21日主震位于10月16日主震的北西西方向.此外,还通过P波初动极性分析的方法,发现两次主震破裂面的走向略有差别,这与余震区重定位后的分布一致.这些结果表明,大姚两次地震有可能发生在断层系统的不同段落上,虽然距离很近,但是两破裂区基本没有重叠.
After an earthquake,has the strain energy in the rupture zone been fully released? Will there be another earthquake with similar magnitude occurring on the same fracture surface? These questions are important issues concerning earthquake doublets.In this paper we relocated the 2003 Dayao two earthquake sequences with double-difference location algorithm(HypoDD),and found that the aftershock zones have expanded,but the two aftershock zones hardly overlap in both depth direction and horizontal direction.The DD relocation result also shows that the July 21 mainshock is to the northwest of the October 16 mainshock.In addition,P-wave polarization analysis result indicates that the fault plane strikes of the two mainshocks deviate slightly from each other.This is consistent with the situation of aftershock zone stretching.These results imply that the two Dayao earthquakes,which are near enough,may have occurred in different segments of a fault system.It can be assumed that these two rupture zones are not overlapped.
After an earthquake,has the strain energy in the rupture zone been fully released? Will there be another earthquake with similar magnitude occurring on the same fracture surface? These questions are important issues concerning earthquake doublets.In this paper we relocated the 2003 Dayao two earthquake sequences with double-difference location algorithm(HypoDD),and found that the aftershock zones have expanded,but the two aftershock zones hardly overlap in both depth direction and horizontal direction.The DD relocation result also shows that the July 21 mainshock is to the northwest of the October 16 mainshock.In addition,P-wave polarization analysis result indicates that the fault plane strikes of the two mainshocks deviate slightly from each other.This is consistent with the situation of aftershock zone stretching.These results imply that the two Dayao earthquakes,which are near enough,may have occurred in different segments of a fault system.It can be assumed that these two rupture zones are not overlapped.
引文
陈立德.1990.1976年5月29日云南省龙陵7.4级地震[G]∥张肇诚主编.中国震例(1976—1980).北京:地震出版社:29--58.
程式,任昭明.1990a.1976年8月16日四川省松潘7.2级地震[G]∥张肇诚主编.中国震例(1976—1980).北京:地震出版社:105--132.
程式,任昭明.1990b.1976年11月7日四川省盐源6.7级地震[G]∥张肇诚主编.中国震例(1976—1980).北京:地震出版社:146--164.
邓起东,张培震,冉勇康,杨晓平,闵伟,楚全芝.2002.中国活动构造基本特征[J].中国科学:D辑,45(12):1020--1030.
何正勤,叶太兰,苏伟.2004.云南地区地壳中上部横波速度结构研究[J].地球物理学报,47(5):838--844.
华卫,刘杰,陈章立,郑斯华.2006a.2003年云南大姚6.2级、6.1级地震序列S波分裂研究[J].地震学报,28(4):357--371.
华卫,刘杰,郑斯华,陈章立.2006b.2003年云南大姚6.2、6.1级地震序列特征分析及地震触发研究[J].中国地震,22(1):10--23.
李海兵,付小方,Van Der Woerd J,司家亮,王宗秀,侯立玮,邱祝礼,李宁,吴富晓,许志琴,Tapponnier P.2008.汶川地震(M8.0)地表破裂及其同震右旋斜向逆冲作用[J].地质学报,82(12):1623--1643.
马丽芳(主编).2002.中国地质图集[M].北京:地质出版社:293--295.
马杏垣,宿俭,吴大宁.1987.中国的活动地块与构造变形[G]∥国家地震局地质研究所主编.现代地壳运动研究(3).北京:地震出版社:1--8.
苏有锦.2004.2003年7月21日、10月16日云南大姚6.2级和6.1级地震预测预报回顾与讨论[J].国际地震动态,(1):18--21.
王椿镛,Mooney WD,王溪莉,吴建平,楼海,王飞.2002.川滇地区地壳上地幔三维速度结构研究[J].地震学报,24(1):1--16.
王椿镛,王溪莉.1994.昆明地震台网下方的三维速度结构[J].地震学报,16(2):167--175.
吴建平,黄媛,张天中,明跃红,房立华.2009.汶川MS8.0级地震余震分布及周边区域P波三维速度结构研究[J].地球物理学报,52(2):320--328.
吴建平,明跃红,王椿镛.2001.云南数字地震台站下方的S波速度结构研究[J].地球物理学报,44(2):228--237.
吴开统,焦远碧,吕培苓,王志东.1990.地震序列概论[M].北京:北京大学出版社:138--141.
王伟君,陈凌,陈棋福,刘杰.2007.2003年大姚地震震中区的速度和衰减结构[J].地球物理学报,50(3):770--779.
王卫民,赵连锋,李娟,姚振兴.2005.1999年台湾集集地震震源破裂过程[J].地球物理学报,48(1):132--147.
徐锡伟,闻学泽,叶建青,马保起,陈杰,周荣军,何宏林,田勤俭,何玉林,王志才,孙昭民,冯希杰,于贵华,陈立春,陈桂华,于慎鄂,冉勇康,李细光,李陈侠,安艳芬.2008.汶川MS8.0地震地表破裂带及其发震构造[J].地震地质,30(3):597--629.
杨继登,王世芹.1999.1988年11月6日云南省澜沧—耿马7.6、7.2级地震[G]∥张肇诚主编.中国震例(1986—1988).北京:地震出版社:316--343.
张四昌,刁桂苓.1992.唐山地震序列的构造过程[J].中国地震,8(2):73--80.
周龙泉,刘杰,马宏生,周俊杰.2009.2003年大姚6.2级、6.1级地震序列震源位置及震源区速度结构的联合反演[J].地震,29(2):12--24.
朱航,闻学泽.2009.1973～1976年四川松潘强震序列的应力触发过程[J].地球物理学报,52(4):994--1003.
Aki K.1984.Asperities,barriers,characteristic earthquakes and strong motion prediction[J].J Geophys Res,89(B7):5867--5872.
Aki K.1979.Characterization of barriers on an earthquake fault[J].J Geophys Res,84(B11):6140--6148.
Darragh R B,Bolt B A.1987.Acomment on the statistical regression relation between earthquake magnitude and faultrupture lengh[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,77(4):1479--1484.
Dietz L D,Ellsworth WL.1990.The October17,1989,Loma Prieta,California,earthquake andits aftershocks:Ge-ometry of the sequence fromhigh-resolution locations[J].Geophys Res Lett,17(9):1417--1420.
Fedotov S A.1965.Regularities of the distribution of strong earthquakesin Kamchatka,the Kuril Islands,and northeastJapan[J].TrudyInst Fiz Zemli Acad Nauk SSSR,36:66--93.
Geiger L.1912.Probability method for the determination of earthquake epicenters fromthe arrival time only(translatedfrom Geiger’s1910German article)[J].Bull St Louis Univ,8(1):60--71.
Got J-L,Frechet J,Klein F W.1994.Deep fault plane geometry inferred from multiplet relative relocation beneath thesouth flank of Kilauea[J].J Geophys Res,99(B8):15375--15386.
Henry C,Das S.2001.Aftershock zones of large shallowearthquakes:fault dimensions,aftershock area expansion,andscaling relations[J].Geophys J Int,147(2):272--293.
Jones L M,Han W,Haoksson E,Jin A,Zhang Y,Luo Z.1984.Focal mechanisms and aftershochlocations of the Song-pan earthquakes of August1976in Sichuan,China[J].J Geophys Res,89(B9):7697--7707.
Kanamori H,Anderson D L.1975.Theoretical basis of some empirical relationin seismology[J].Bull SeismSoc Amer,65(5):1075--1095.
Massonnet D,Feigl K,Rossi M,Adragna F.1994.Radar interferometric mapping of deformation in the year after thelanders earthquake[J].Nature,369:227--230.
Mogi K.1968.Development of aftershock areas of great earthquakes[J].Bull Earthq Res Inst,Univ Tokyo,46:175--203.
Mogi K.1969.Somefeatures of recent seismic activityin and near Japan(2).Activity before and after great earthquakes[J].Bull Earthq Res Inst,Univ Tokyo,47:395--417.
Mogi K.1979.Two kinds of seismic gaps[J].Pure Appl Geophys,117:1176--1186.
Poupinet G,Ellsworth WL,Frechet J.1984.Monitoring velocity variations in the crust using earthquake doublets:Anapplication to the Calaveras fault,California[J].J Geophys Res,89(B7):5719--5731.
Scholz C H.1982.Scaling laws for large earthquakes:Consequences for physical models[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,72(1):1--14.
Somerville P,Sen M,Cohee B.1991.Simulations of strong ground motions recorded duringthe1985Michoacan,Mexicoand Valparaiso,Chile earthquakes[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,81(1):1--27.
Tajima F,Kanamori H.1985,Global survey of aftershock area expansion patterns[J].Phys Earth Planet Inter,40(2):77--134.
Waldhauser F,Ellsworth WL.2000.Adouble-difference earthquake location algorithm:method and application to thenorthern Hayward fault,California[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,90(6):1353--1368.
Wang C Y,Chan W W,Mooney W D.2003.Three-dimensional velocity structure of crust and upper mantle in south-western China andits tectonic implications[J].J Geophys Res,108(B9):2442--2460.
Wells D L,Coppersmith KJ.1994,Newempirical relationships among magnitude,rupture length,rupture width,rup-ture area,and surface displacement[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,84(4):974--1002.
程式,任昭明.1990a.1976年8月16日四川省松潘7.2级地震[G]∥张肇诚主编.中国震例(1976—1980).北京:地震出版社:105--132.
程式,任昭明.1990b.1976年11月7日四川省盐源6.7级地震[G]∥张肇诚主编.中国震例(1976—1980).北京:地震出版社:146--164.
邓起东,张培震,冉勇康,杨晓平,闵伟,楚全芝.2002.中国活动构造基本特征[J].中国科学:D辑,45(12):1020--1030.
何正勤,叶太兰,苏伟.2004.云南地区地壳中上部横波速度结构研究[J].地球物理学报,47(5):838--844.
华卫,刘杰,陈章立,郑斯华.2006a.2003年云南大姚6.2级、6.1级地震序列S波分裂研究[J].地震学报,28(4):357--371.
华卫,刘杰,郑斯华,陈章立.2006b.2003年云南大姚6.2、6.1级地震序列特征分析及地震触发研究[J].中国地震,22(1):10--23.
李海兵,付小方,Van Der Woerd J,司家亮,王宗秀,侯立玮,邱祝礼,李宁,吴富晓,许志琴,Tapponnier P.2008.汶川地震(M8.0)地表破裂及其同震右旋斜向逆冲作用[J].地质学报,82(12):1623--1643.
马丽芳(主编).2002.中国地质图集[M].北京:地质出版社:293--295.
马杏垣,宿俭,吴大宁.1987.中国的活动地块与构造变形[G]∥国家地震局地质研究所主编.现代地壳运动研究(3).北京:地震出版社:1--8.
苏有锦.2004.2003年7月21日、10月16日云南大姚6.2级和6.1级地震预测预报回顾与讨论[J].国际地震动态,(1):18--21.
王椿镛,Mooney WD,王溪莉,吴建平,楼海,王飞.2002.川滇地区地壳上地幔三维速度结构研究[J].地震学报,24(1):1--16.
王椿镛,王溪莉.1994.昆明地震台网下方的三维速度结构[J].地震学报,16(2):167--175.
吴建平,黄媛,张天中,明跃红,房立华.2009.汶川MS8.0级地震余震分布及周边区域P波三维速度结构研究[J].地球物理学报,52(2):320--328.
吴建平,明跃红,王椿镛.2001.云南数字地震台站下方的S波速度结构研究[J].地球物理学报,44(2):228--237.
吴开统,焦远碧,吕培苓,王志东.1990.地震序列概论[M].北京:北京大学出版社:138--141.
王伟君,陈凌,陈棋福,刘杰.2007.2003年大姚地震震中区的速度和衰减结构[J].地球物理学报,50(3):770--779.
王卫民,赵连锋,李娟,姚振兴.2005.1999年台湾集集地震震源破裂过程[J].地球物理学报,48(1):132--147.
徐锡伟,闻学泽,叶建青,马保起,陈杰,周荣军,何宏林,田勤俭,何玉林,王志才,孙昭民,冯希杰,于贵华,陈立春,陈桂华,于慎鄂,冉勇康,李细光,李陈侠,安艳芬.2008.汶川MS8.0地震地表破裂带及其发震构造[J].地震地质,30(3):597--629.
杨继登,王世芹.1999.1988年11月6日云南省澜沧—耿马7.6、7.2级地震[G]∥张肇诚主编.中国震例(1986—1988).北京:地震出版社:316--343.
张四昌,刁桂苓.1992.唐山地震序列的构造过程[J].中国地震,8(2):73--80.
周龙泉,刘杰,马宏生,周俊杰.2009.2003年大姚6.2级、6.1级地震序列震源位置及震源区速度结构的联合反演[J].地震,29(2):12--24.
朱航,闻学泽.2009.1973～1976年四川松潘强震序列的应力触发过程[J].地球物理学报,52(4):994--1003.
Aki K.1984.Asperities,barriers,characteristic earthquakes and strong motion prediction[J].J Geophys Res,89(B7):5867--5872.
Aki K.1979.Characterization of barriers on an earthquake fault[J].J Geophys Res,84(B11):6140--6148.
Darragh R B,Bolt B A.1987.Acomment on the statistical regression relation between earthquake magnitude and faultrupture lengh[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,77(4):1479--1484.
Dietz L D,Ellsworth WL.1990.The October17,1989,Loma Prieta,California,earthquake andits aftershocks:Ge-ometry of the sequence fromhigh-resolution locations[J].Geophys Res Lett,17(9):1417--1420.
Fedotov S A.1965.Regularities of the distribution of strong earthquakesin Kamchatka,the Kuril Islands,and northeastJapan[J].TrudyInst Fiz Zemli Acad Nauk SSSR,36:66--93.
Geiger L.1912.Probability method for the determination of earthquake epicenters fromthe arrival time only(translatedfrom Geiger’s1910German article)[J].Bull St Louis Univ,8(1):60--71.
Got J-L,Frechet J,Klein F W.1994.Deep fault plane geometry inferred from multiplet relative relocation beneath thesouth flank of Kilauea[J].J Geophys Res,99(B8):15375--15386.
Henry C,Das S.2001.Aftershock zones of large shallowearthquakes:fault dimensions,aftershock area expansion,andscaling relations[J].Geophys J Int,147(2):272--293.
Jones L M,Han W,Haoksson E,Jin A,Zhang Y,Luo Z.1984.Focal mechanisms and aftershochlocations of the Song-pan earthquakes of August1976in Sichuan,China[J].J Geophys Res,89(B9):7697--7707.
Kanamori H,Anderson D L.1975.Theoretical basis of some empirical relationin seismology[J].Bull SeismSoc Amer,65(5):1075--1095.
Massonnet D,Feigl K,Rossi M,Adragna F.1994.Radar interferometric mapping of deformation in the year after thelanders earthquake[J].Nature,369:227--230.
Mogi K.1968.Development of aftershock areas of great earthquakes[J].Bull Earthq Res Inst,Univ Tokyo,46:175--203.
Mogi K.1969.Somefeatures of recent seismic activityin and near Japan(2).Activity before and after great earthquakes[J].Bull Earthq Res Inst,Univ Tokyo,47:395--417.
Mogi K.1979.Two kinds of seismic gaps[J].Pure Appl Geophys,117:1176--1186.
Poupinet G,Ellsworth WL,Frechet J.1984.Monitoring velocity variations in the crust using earthquake doublets:Anapplication to the Calaveras fault,California[J].J Geophys Res,89(B7):5719--5731.
Scholz C H.1982.Scaling laws for large earthquakes:Consequences for physical models[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,72(1):1--14.
Somerville P,Sen M,Cohee B.1991.Simulations of strong ground motions recorded duringthe1985Michoacan,Mexicoand Valparaiso,Chile earthquakes[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,81(1):1--27.
Tajima F,Kanamori H.1985,Global survey of aftershock area expansion patterns[J].Phys Earth Planet Inter,40(2):77--134.
Waldhauser F,Ellsworth WL.2000.Adouble-difference earthquake location algorithm:method and application to thenorthern Hayward fault,California[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,90(6):1353--1368.
Wang C Y,Chan W W,Mooney W D.2003.Three-dimensional velocity structure of crust and upper mantle in south-western China andits tectonic implications[J].J Geophys Res,108(B9):2442--2460.
Wells D L,Coppersmith KJ.1994,Newempirical relationships among magnitude,rupture length,rupture width,rup-ture area,and surface displacement[J].Bull Seism Soc Amer,84(4):974--1002.
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