南北构造带及邻域地壳、岩石层速度结构特征研究
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摘要
本文利用重力数据采用Parker-Oldenburg方法反演了南北构造带及邻域地区的地壳厚度,同时采用体波地震层析成像方法反演了研究区的地壳至上地幔的三维速度结构.根据计算结果对研究区的地壳及岩石层结构进行了探讨,力图揭示南北构造带及邻域地壳、岩石层变形特征,并且对青藏高原边缘活动带壳幔构造演化的深部成因、研究区的上地幔流变性及其动力学意义进行了相应的讨论.通过分析研究表明南北构造带地区为地壳厚度剧变区,西侧为地壳增厚区,东侧的鄂尔多斯、四川盆地为地壳稳定区,而再向东为地壳逐渐减薄区.中国岩石层减薄与增厚的边界基本被限定在大兴安岭—太行山—秦岭—大巴山—武陵山一带,这也是东部陆缘带和中部扬子、鄂尔多斯克拉通地区深部构造边界的分界线,其两侧不仅浅层地质构造存在较大的差异,上地幔深部的物性状态和热活动也明显不同,这说明研究区的岩石层和软流层结构以及深部物质的分布存在横向非均匀性.中部地区和青藏高原深部构造边界的分界线位于东经100°—102°左右.
We conduct gravity data inversion using the Parker-Oldenburg method to calculate crustal thickness,and employ seismic tomography to research the three-dimensional velocity structure of the crust and mantle along the north-south tectonic zone in central China.According to results of calculation we attempt to reveal the crust and lithosphere structures and the deformation characteristics in the study area.Then we further discuss the deep causes of crustmantle tectonic evolution in the Tibetan Plateau active zones,the upper mantle rheological property in the study area and its dynamics significance.Studies show that crustal thickness of the north-south tectonic belt is highly variable,with thickening crust in west,stable crust of Ordos Basin and Sichuan Basin in east,and thinning crust farther east.The boundary between thinning and thickening lithosphere is along the Da Hinggan Ling Mountains—Taihang Mountains—Qinling Mountains—Daba Mountains—Wuling Mountains.It is also the deep tectonic boundarybetween the eastern continental margin zone and central Yangzi—Ordos Craton regions.Not only are the shallow geological structures different on both sides,but alos the physical properties and thermal activity in deep upper mantle are distinctly different.It indicates that,in the study area,the structure of lithosphere and asthenosphere and the distribution of deep material have lateral heterogeneity.The deep tectonic boundary between central regions and the Tibetan Plateau is roughly along 100—102°E.
We conduct gravity data inversion using the Parker-Oldenburg method to calculate crustal thickness,and employ seismic tomography to research the three-dimensional velocity structure of the crust and mantle along the north-south tectonic zone in central China.According to results of calculation we attempt to reveal the crust and lithosphere structures and the deformation characteristics in the study area.Then we further discuss the deep causes of crustmantle tectonic evolution in the Tibetan Plateau active zones,the upper mantle rheological property in the study area and its dynamics significance.Studies show that crustal thickness of the north-south tectonic belt is highly variable,with thickening crust in west,stable crust of Ordos Basin and Sichuan Basin in east,and thinning crust farther east.The boundary between thinning and thickening lithosphere is along the Da Hinggan Ling Mountains—Taihang Mountains—Qinling Mountains—Daba Mountains—Wuling Mountains.It is also the deep tectonic boundarybetween the eastern continental margin zone and central Yangzi—Ordos Craton regions.Not only are the shallow geological structures different on both sides,but alos the physical properties and thermal activity in deep upper mantle are distinctly different.It indicates that,in the study area,the structure of lithosphere and asthenosphere and the distribution of deep material have lateral heterogeneity.The deep tectonic boundary between central regions and the Tibetan Plateau is roughly along 100—102°E.
引文
Cao J M,Cai X L,Zhu J S,et al.2006.Crustal velocity structurecharacteristics and tectonic parttion of Chinese Mianland.//Chinese Geophysical Society 22annual Thesiss(in Chinese).Beijing:Chinese Geophysical Society,579.
Chen Z,Bruchfiel B C,Liu Y,et al.2000.Global positioningsystem measurements from eastern Tibet and their implicationsfor India/Eurasia intercontinental deformation.J.Geophys.Res.:Solid Earth(1978—2012),105(B7):16215-16227.
Cui Z Z,Li Q S,Wu C D,et al.1995.The crustal and deepstructures in GOLMUD-EJIN QI GGT.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),38(S2):15-28.
Fu R S,Xu Y M,Huang J H,et al.2000a.Numerical simulationof the compression uplift of the Qinghai—Xizang Plateau.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),43(3):346-355.
Fu R S,Huang J H,Li L G,et al.2000b.Numerical simulation ofthe three-step uplift model of the Tibet Plateau.EarthScienceFrontiers(in Chinese),7(4):588-596.
Gao M X.1996.A study on recent geodynamics at the southeasternmargin of the Qinghai—Xizang(Tibet)plateau.Seismologyand Geology(in Chinese),18(2):129-142.
Guo B,Liu Q Y,Chen J H,et al.2009.Teleseismic P-wavetomography of the crust and upper mantle in Longmenshan area,west Sichuan.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),52(2):346-355.
Hao T Y,Hu W J,Xing J,et al.2014.The Moho depth map(1∶5000000)in the land and seas of China and adjacent areas and itsgeological implications.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),57(12):3869-3883,doi:10.6038/cjg20141202.
Hauck M L,Nelson K D,Brown L D,et al.1998.Crustalstructure of the Himalayan orogen at~90°east longitude fromProject INDEPTH deep reflection profiles.Tectonics,17(4):481-500.
LavéJ,Avouac J P,Lacassin R,et al.1996.Seismic anisotropybeneath Tibet:Evidence for eastward extrusion of the Tibetanlithosphere?Earth and Planetary Science Letters,140(1-4):83-96.
Lebedev S,Nolet G.2003.Upper mantle beneath Southeast Asiafrom S velocity tomography.J.Geophys.,Res.:Solid Earth(1978—2012),108(B1):21(1-26).
Liu F T,Qu K X,Wu H,et al.1989.Seismic tomography of theChinese continent and adjacent region.Acta Geophysica Sinica(in Chinese),32(3):281-291.
Liu G D.1998.Discussion on earth sciences.Earth ScienceFrontiers(in Chinese),5(1-2):1-8.
Liu J H,Liu F T,Wu H,et al.1989.Three dimensional velocityimages of the crust and upper mantle beneath North-South zonein China.Acta Geophysica Sinica(in Chinese),32(2):143-151.
Liu Y K,Chang X,He J K,et al.2005.Three-dimensional velocityimages of the crust and upper mantle beneath the North-Southzone in China.Bulletin of the Seismological Society ofAmerica,95(3):916-925.
Mcnamara D E,Owens T J,Silver P G,et al.1994.Shear waveanisotropy beneath the Tibetan Plateau.J.Geophys.Res.:Solid Earth(1978—2012),99(B7):13665-13666.
Niu Z J,Wang M,Sun H R,et al.2005.New observational resultsof crustal motion velocity of Chinese Mainland.Chinese ScienceBulletin(in Chinese),50(8):839-840.
Oldenburg D W.1974.The inversion and interpretation of gravityanomalies.Geophysics,39(4):526-536.
Parker R L.1973.The rapid calculation of potential anomalies.Geopys.J.Int.,31(4):447-455.
Song Z H,An C Q,Chen G Y,et al.1991.Study on 3Dvelocitystructure and anisotropy beneath the west China from the Lovewave dispersion.Acta Geophysica Sinica(in Chinese),34(6):694-707.
Xu J R,Zhao Z X,Ishikawa Yuzo.2008.Regional characteristics ofcrustal stress field and tectonic motions in and around ChineseMainland.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),51(3):770-781.
Xu Y,Liu F T,Liu J H,et al.2000.Seismic tomography onnorthwest orogenic belt and adjacent basins of Chinese Mianland.Science in China(Series D)(in Chinese),30(2):113-122.
Xu Y,Liu F T,Liu J H,et al.2001.Deep features of continentalcollision belts in northwestern China and their dynamic implications.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),44(1):40-47.
Xu Y,Liu J H,Hao T Y,et al.2006.P wave velocity structureand tectonics analysis of lithospheric mantle in eastern Chinaseas and adjacent regions.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),49(4):1053-1061.
Xu Y,Hao T Y,Li Z W,et al.2008.Analysis of lithosphericstructure and tectonics of the Chinese marginal seas and adjacentregion.Earth Science Frontiers(in Chinese),15(3):55-62.
Yin X H,Li Y S,Liu Z B.1998.Density and magnetic structure ofthe crust and upper-mantle in the northern part of South-Northearthquake zone.Crustal Deformation and Earthquake(inChinese),18(4):11-17.
Wang S Z.1999.Plastic flow in the lower lithosphere and longrange transmission of plate-boundary driving force.Journal ofChangchun University of Science and Technology(in Chinese),29(1):1-8.
Wang Y X,Mooney W D,Han G H,et al.2005.Crustal P-wavevelocity structure from Altyn Tagh to Longmen mountains alongthe Taiwan-Altay geoscience transect.Chinese J.Geophys.(inChinese),48(1):98-106.
Wu F T,Levshin A.1994.Surface-wave group velocity tomographyof East Asia.Phys.Earth Planet.Int.,84(1-4):59-77.
Zeng R S,Ding Z F,Wu Q J.1994.A review on the lithosphericstructures in Tibetan Plateau and constraints for dynamics.ActaGeophysica Sinica(in Chinese),37(1):99-116.
Zeng R S,Sun W G,Mao T E,et al.1995.Moho depth map ofChinese continent.Acta Seismologica Sinica(in Chinese),17(3):322-327.
Zhao L S,Xie J K.1993.Lateral variations in compressionalvelocities beneath the Tibetan Plateau from Pn traveltimetomography.Geophys.J.Int.,115(3):1070-1084.
Zhu S B,Shi Y L.2006.Study on cause of formation of tectonicstress field in Chinese Mianland and adjacent region.Science inChina(Series D)(in Chinese),36(12):1077-1083.
曹家敏,蔡学林,朱介寿等.2006.中国大陆地壳速度结构特征及构造分区.//中国地球物理学会第22届年会论文集.北京:中国地球物理学会,579.
崔作舟,李秋生,吴朝东等.1995.格尔木—额济纳旗地学断面的地壳结构与深部构造.地球物理学报,38(S2):15-28.
傅容珊,徐耀民,黄建华等.2000a.青藏高原挤压隆升过程的数值模拟.地球物理学报,43(3):346-355.
傅容珊,黄建华,李力刚等.2000b.青藏高原隆升三阶段模型的数值模拟.地学前缘,7(4):588-596.
高名修.1996.青藏高原东南缘现今地球动力学研究.地震地质,18(2):129-142.
郭飚,刘启元,陈九辉等.2009.川西龙门山及邻区地壳上地幔远震P波层析成像.地球物理学报,52(2):346-355.
郝天珧,胡卫剑,邢健等.2014.中国海陆1∶500万莫霍面深度图及其所反映的地质内涵.地球物理学报,57(12):3869-3883,doi:
10.6038/cjg20141202.
刘福田,曲克信,吴华等.1989.中国大陆及其邻近地区的地震层析成象.地球物理学报,32(3):281-291.
刘光鼎.1998.论地球科学.地学前缘,5(1-2):1-8.
刘建华,刘福田,吴华等.1989.中国南北带地壳和上地幔的三维速度图象.地球物理学报,32(2):143-151.
牛之俊,王敏,孙汉荣等.2005.中国大陆现今地壳运动速度场的最新观测结果.科学通报,50(8):839-840.
宋仲和,安昌强,陈国英等.1991.中国西部三维速度结构及其各向异性.地球物理学报,34(6):694-707.
徐纪人,赵志新,石川有三.2008.中国大陆地壳应力场与构造运动区域特征研究.地球物理学报,51(3):770-781.
胥颐,刘福田,刘建华等.2000.中国大陆西北造山带及其毗邻盆地的地震层析成像.中国科学(D辑:地球科学),30(2):113-122.
胥颐,刘福田,刘建华等.2001.中国西北大陆碰撞带的深部特征及其动力学意义.地球物理学报,44(1):40-47.
胥颐,刘建华,郝天珧等.2006.中国东部海域及邻区岩石层地幔的P波速度结构与构造分析.地球物理学报,49(4):1053-1061.
胥颐,郝天珧,李志伟等.2008.中国边缘海域及其邻区的岩石层结构与构造分析.地学前缘,15(3):55-62.
殷秀华,黎益仕,刘占波.1998.南北带北段地壳上地幔密度与磁性结构.地壳形变与地震,18(4):11-17.
王绳组.1999.岩石圈下层塑性流动与板缘驱动力远程传递.长春科技大学学报,29(1):1-8.
王有学,Mooney W D,韩果花等.2005.台湾—阿尔泰地学断面阿尔金—龙门山剖面的地壳纵波速度结构.地球物理学报,48(1):98-106.
曾融生,丁志峰,吴庆举.1994.青藏高原岩石圈构造及动力学过程研究.地球物理学报,37(1):99-116.
曾融生,孙为国,毛桐恩等.1995.中国大陆莫霍界面深度图.地震学报,17(3):322-327.
朱守彪,石耀霖.2006.中国大陆及邻区构造应力场成因的研究.中国科学(D辑:地球科学),36(12):1077-1083.
Chen Z,Bruchfiel B C,Liu Y,et al.2000.Global positioningsystem measurements from eastern Tibet and their implicationsfor India/Eurasia intercontinental deformation.J.Geophys.Res.:Solid Earth(1978—2012),105(B7):16215-16227.
Cui Z Z,Li Q S,Wu C D,et al.1995.The crustal and deepstructures in GOLMUD-EJIN QI GGT.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),38(S2):15-28.
Fu R S,Xu Y M,Huang J H,et al.2000a.Numerical simulationof the compression uplift of the Qinghai—Xizang Plateau.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),43(3):346-355.
Fu R S,Huang J H,Li L G,et al.2000b.Numerical simulation ofthe three-step uplift model of the Tibet Plateau.EarthScienceFrontiers(in Chinese),7(4):588-596.
Gao M X.1996.A study on recent geodynamics at the southeasternmargin of the Qinghai—Xizang(Tibet)plateau.Seismologyand Geology(in Chinese),18(2):129-142.
Guo B,Liu Q Y,Chen J H,et al.2009.Teleseismic P-wavetomography of the crust and upper mantle in Longmenshan area,west Sichuan.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),52(2):346-355.
Hao T Y,Hu W J,Xing J,et al.2014.The Moho depth map(1∶5000000)in the land and seas of China and adjacent areas and itsgeological implications.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),57(12):3869-3883,doi:10.6038/cjg20141202.
Hauck M L,Nelson K D,Brown L D,et al.1998.Crustalstructure of the Himalayan orogen at~90°east longitude fromProject INDEPTH deep reflection profiles.Tectonics,17(4):481-500.
LavéJ,Avouac J P,Lacassin R,et al.1996.Seismic anisotropybeneath Tibet:Evidence for eastward extrusion of the Tibetanlithosphere?Earth and Planetary Science Letters,140(1-4):83-96.
Lebedev S,Nolet G.2003.Upper mantle beneath Southeast Asiafrom S velocity tomography.J.Geophys.,Res.:Solid Earth(1978—2012),108(B1):21(1-26).
Liu F T,Qu K X,Wu H,et al.1989.Seismic tomography of theChinese continent and adjacent region.Acta Geophysica Sinica(in Chinese),32(3):281-291.
Liu G D.1998.Discussion on earth sciences.Earth ScienceFrontiers(in Chinese),5(1-2):1-8.
Liu J H,Liu F T,Wu H,et al.1989.Three dimensional velocityimages of the crust and upper mantle beneath North-South zonein China.Acta Geophysica Sinica(in Chinese),32(2):143-151.
Liu Y K,Chang X,He J K,et al.2005.Three-dimensional velocityimages of the crust and upper mantle beneath the North-Southzone in China.Bulletin of the Seismological Society ofAmerica,95(3):916-925.
Mcnamara D E,Owens T J,Silver P G,et al.1994.Shear waveanisotropy beneath the Tibetan Plateau.J.Geophys.Res.:Solid Earth(1978—2012),99(B7):13665-13666.
Niu Z J,Wang M,Sun H R,et al.2005.New observational resultsof crustal motion velocity of Chinese Mainland.Chinese ScienceBulletin(in Chinese),50(8):839-840.
Oldenburg D W.1974.The inversion and interpretation of gravityanomalies.Geophysics,39(4):526-536.
Parker R L.1973.The rapid calculation of potential anomalies.Geopys.J.Int.,31(4):447-455.
Song Z H,An C Q,Chen G Y,et al.1991.Study on 3Dvelocitystructure and anisotropy beneath the west China from the Lovewave dispersion.Acta Geophysica Sinica(in Chinese),34(6):694-707.
Xu J R,Zhao Z X,Ishikawa Yuzo.2008.Regional characteristics ofcrustal stress field and tectonic motions in and around ChineseMainland.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),51(3):770-781.
Xu Y,Liu F T,Liu J H,et al.2000.Seismic tomography onnorthwest orogenic belt and adjacent basins of Chinese Mianland.Science in China(Series D)(in Chinese),30(2):113-122.
Xu Y,Liu F T,Liu J H,et al.2001.Deep features of continentalcollision belts in northwestern China and their dynamic implications.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),44(1):40-47.
Xu Y,Liu J H,Hao T Y,et al.2006.P wave velocity structureand tectonics analysis of lithospheric mantle in eastern Chinaseas and adjacent regions.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),49(4):1053-1061.
Xu Y,Hao T Y,Li Z W,et al.2008.Analysis of lithosphericstructure and tectonics of the Chinese marginal seas and adjacentregion.Earth Science Frontiers(in Chinese),15(3):55-62.
Yin X H,Li Y S,Liu Z B.1998.Density and magnetic structure ofthe crust and upper-mantle in the northern part of South-Northearthquake zone.Crustal Deformation and Earthquake(inChinese),18(4):11-17.
Wang S Z.1999.Plastic flow in the lower lithosphere and longrange transmission of plate-boundary driving force.Journal ofChangchun University of Science and Technology(in Chinese),29(1):1-8.
Wang Y X,Mooney W D,Han G H,et al.2005.Crustal P-wavevelocity structure from Altyn Tagh to Longmen mountains alongthe Taiwan-Altay geoscience transect.Chinese J.Geophys.(inChinese),48(1):98-106.
Wu F T,Levshin A.1994.Surface-wave group velocity tomographyof East Asia.Phys.Earth Planet.Int.,84(1-4):59-77.
Zeng R S,Ding Z F,Wu Q J.1994.A review on the lithosphericstructures in Tibetan Plateau and constraints for dynamics.ActaGeophysica Sinica(in Chinese),37(1):99-116.
Zeng R S,Sun W G,Mao T E,et al.1995.Moho depth map ofChinese continent.Acta Seismologica Sinica(in Chinese),17(3):322-327.
Zhao L S,Xie J K.1993.Lateral variations in compressionalvelocities beneath the Tibetan Plateau from Pn traveltimetomography.Geophys.J.Int.,115(3):1070-1084.
Zhu S B,Shi Y L.2006.Study on cause of formation of tectonicstress field in Chinese Mianland and adjacent region.Science inChina(Series D)(in Chinese),36(12):1077-1083.
曹家敏,蔡学林,朱介寿等.2006.中国大陆地壳速度结构特征及构造分区.//中国地球物理学会第22届年会论文集.北京:中国地球物理学会,579.
崔作舟,李秋生,吴朝东等.1995.格尔木—额济纳旗地学断面的地壳结构与深部构造.地球物理学报,38(S2):15-28.
傅容珊,徐耀民,黄建华等.2000a.青藏高原挤压隆升过程的数值模拟.地球物理学报,43(3):346-355.
傅容珊,黄建华,李力刚等.2000b.青藏高原隆升三阶段模型的数值模拟.地学前缘,7(4):588-596.
高名修.1996.青藏高原东南缘现今地球动力学研究.地震地质,18(2):129-142.
郭飚,刘启元,陈九辉等.2009.川西龙门山及邻区地壳上地幔远震P波层析成像.地球物理学报,52(2):346-355.
郝天珧,胡卫剑,邢健等.2014.中国海陆1∶500万莫霍面深度图及其所反映的地质内涵.地球物理学报,57(12):3869-3883,doi:
10.6038/cjg20141202.
刘福田,曲克信,吴华等.1989.中国大陆及其邻近地区的地震层析成象.地球物理学报,32(3):281-291.
刘光鼎.1998.论地球科学.地学前缘,5(1-2):1-8.
刘建华,刘福田,吴华等.1989.中国南北带地壳和上地幔的三维速度图象.地球物理学报,32(2):143-151.
牛之俊,王敏,孙汉荣等.2005.中国大陆现今地壳运动速度场的最新观测结果.科学通报,50(8):839-840.
宋仲和,安昌强,陈国英等.1991.中国西部三维速度结构及其各向异性.地球物理学报,34(6):694-707.
徐纪人,赵志新,石川有三.2008.中国大陆地壳应力场与构造运动区域特征研究.地球物理学报,51(3):770-781.
胥颐,刘福田,刘建华等.2000.中国大陆西北造山带及其毗邻盆地的地震层析成像.中国科学(D辑:地球科学),30(2):113-122.
胥颐,刘福田,刘建华等.2001.中国西北大陆碰撞带的深部特征及其动力学意义.地球物理学报,44(1):40-47.
胥颐,刘建华,郝天珧等.2006.中国东部海域及邻区岩石层地幔的P波速度结构与构造分析.地球物理学报,49(4):1053-1061.
胥颐,郝天珧,李志伟等.2008.中国边缘海域及其邻区的岩石层结构与构造分析.地学前缘,15(3):55-62.
殷秀华,黎益仕,刘占波.1998.南北带北段地壳上地幔密度与磁性结构.地壳形变与地震,18(4):11-17.
王绳组.1999.岩石圈下层塑性流动与板缘驱动力远程传递.长春科技大学学报,29(1):1-8.
王有学,Mooney W D,韩果花等.2005.台湾—阿尔泰地学断面阿尔金—龙门山剖面的地壳纵波速度结构.地球物理学报,48(1):98-106.
曾融生,丁志峰,吴庆举.1994.青藏高原岩石圈构造及动力学过程研究.地球物理学报,37(1):99-116.
曾融生,孙为国,毛桐恩等.1995.中国大陆莫霍界面深度图.地震学报,17(3):322-327.
朱守彪,石耀霖.2006.中国大陆及邻区构造应力场成因的研究.中国科学(D辑:地球科学),36(12):1077-1083.
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