山西交城断裂北端及中段3个大型探槽全新世断错现象分析
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摘要
前人在山西交城断裂带上开挖过多个探槽,揭露出全新世3次古地震事件,但其研究结果尚不能确定该断裂带全新世活动段的北部边界。近期在该断裂带北端和中段又开挖了3个大型探槽,其中在阳曲县泥屯盆地西界开挖的龙王沟探槽,是一个由多个探槽组合成的大探槽,该探槽揭示的地层断错信息,将交城断裂带全新世活动的范围向北延伸了20km。另外2个大型探槽分别为交城断裂带中段瓦窑沟东侧台地前缘的瓦窑探槽与市儿口沟西侧T1阶地前缘的新民探槽。这3个大探槽均揭示出全新世中期(14C测年值为距今5～6ka)的垆土和淤泥层,以及多组平行分布的断面,所揭示的全新世3次古地震事件具有断错事件活动的同步性,可与前人探槽揭示的全新世断层活动事件相对比。3次断错活动时间分别距今3.06～3.53ka、5.32ka左右或6.14ka左右、8.36ka左右;3次事件的时间间隔分别为2.02～2.84ka和2.22～3.04ka。这些断错事件的同震垂直位移为1.5～4.7m,显示了7级以上地表破裂型的强震活动。最后讨论了探槽中14C测年样品的影响因素。
Several trenches were excavated in the previous work along the Jiaocheng Fault zone,which revealed three paleoearthquake events.But the northern boundary of the Jiaocheng Fault zone cannot be confirmed by the previous studies.The paper discussed the fault activities revealed in the three trenches excavated in the northern and central Jiaocheng Fault.Among them,Longwanggou trench is a combination which includes several trenches excavated in western Nitun Basin,Yangqu County.The paper introduced the trench profiles which cross the two right-stepped faults.As is shown in Longwanggou trench,the range of Holocene activity of the Jiaocheng Fault is extended 20km northward.The Wayaogou and Xinmin trenches are located in the central segment of the fault.One is at the foreplatform margin on the east of Wayaogou.The other is in front of the terrace T1 on the west of Shierkougou.Loam and mud layers of mid Holocene(with 14C ages of 5 ～ 6ka BP) and multi-parallel fault planes were observed in all the three trenches.In conclusion,the three Holocene faulting events as revealed in the three trenches are synchronous,which is consistent with previous trenching results.The time of the three events is 3.06 ～ 3.53ka,about 5.32ka or 6.14ka,and about 8.36ka B.P.The recurrence interval of the three events is about 2.02 ～ 2.84ka and about 3.04 ～ 2.22ka.The coseismic vertical displacement of these events is 1.5 ～ 4.7m,which shows surface faulting earthquake activity with magnitude greater than 7.0.This paper concludes with a discussion of the effect of 14C dating samples collected from the trenches.
Several trenches were excavated in the previous work along the Jiaocheng Fault zone,which revealed three paleoearthquake events.But the northern boundary of the Jiaocheng Fault zone cannot be confirmed by the previous studies.The paper discussed the fault activities revealed in the three trenches excavated in the northern and central Jiaocheng Fault.Among them,Longwanggou trench is a combination which includes several trenches excavated in western Nitun Basin,Yangqu County.The paper introduced the trench profiles which cross the two right-stepped faults.As is shown in Longwanggou trench,the range of Holocene activity of the Jiaocheng Fault is extended 20km northward.The Wayaogou and Xinmin trenches are located in the central segment of the fault.One is at the foreplatform margin on the east of Wayaogou.The other is in front of the terrace T1 on the west of Shierkougou.Loam and mud layers of mid Holocene(with 14C ages of 5 ～ 6ka BP) and multi-parallel fault planes were observed in all the three trenches.In conclusion,the three Holocene faulting events as revealed in the three trenches are synchronous,which is consistent with previous trenching results.The time of the three events is 3.06 ～ 3.53ka,about 5.32ka or 6.14ka,and about 8.36ka B.P.The recurrence interval of the three events is about 2.02 ～ 2.84ka and about 3.04 ～ 2.22ka.The coseismic vertical displacement of these events is 1.5 ～ 4.7m,which shows surface faulting earthquake activity with magnitude greater than 7.0.This paper concludes with a discussion of the effect of 14C dating samples collected from the trenches.
引文
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武烈,贾宝卿,许银贵,等.1987.山西境内7次强震及有关几个问题的讨论[J].华北地震科学,5(2):13—23.WU Lie,JIA Bao-qing,XU Yin-gui,et al.1987.Discussion on7strong earthquakes in Shanxi Province and some problems concerned[J].North China Earthquake Science,5(2):13—23(in Chinese).
谢新生,赵晋泉,江娃利,等.2007.山西交城断裂带西张探槽全新世古地震研究[J].地震地质,29(4):744—755.XIE Xin-sheng,ZHAO Jin-quan,JIANG Wa-li,et al.2007.Study on Holocene paleoearthquake in Xizhang trench on theJiaocheng Fault zone,Shanxi Province[J].Seismology and Geology,29(4):744—755(in Chinese).
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许桂林,马保起,江娃利.1998.山西交城断裂带第四纪活动习性及其分段特征[A].见:中国地震局地壳应力研究所编.地壳构造与地壳应力文集(11).北京:地震出版社.13—21.XU Gui-lin,MA Bao-qi,JIANG Wa-li.1998.The behavior and segmentation of the Jiaocheng,Shanxi active fault[A].In:Institute of Crustal Dynamics,CEA(ed).Crustal Tectonics and Crustal Stress(11).Seismological Press,Beijing.13—21(in Chinese).
邓起东,王克鲁,汪一鹏,等.1973.山西隆起区断陷地震带地震地质条件及地震发震趋势概述[J].地质科学,(1):37—47.DENG Qi-dong,WANG Ke-lu,WANG Yi-peng,et al.1973.On the tendency of seismicity and their geological set up ofthe seismic belt of Shanxi graben[J].Scientia Geologica Sinica,(1):37—47(in Chinese).
江娃利,聂宗笙,张康富.1992.山西交城断裂错断全新世洪积扇[J].地震地质,14(3):216.JIANG Wa-li,NIE Zong-sheng,ZHANG Kang-fu.1992.The dislocated Holocene alluvial-diluvial fans related to the activity of the Jiaocheng Fault in Shanxi Province[J].Seismology and Geology,14(3):216(in Chinese).
江娃利,聂宗笙,张康富.1993.山西交城断裂全新世活动证据及第四纪活动历史[A].见:国家地震局地壳应力研究所编.地壳构造与地壳应力文集(6).北京:地震出版社.98—104.JIANG Wa-li,NIE Zong-sheng,ZHANG Kang-fu.1993.The Holocene active evidence and the Quaternary active historyabout the Jiaocheng Fault in Shanxi[A].In:Institute of Crustal Dynamics,China Seismological Bureau(ed).Crustal Tectonic and Crustal Stress(6).Seismological Press,Beijing.98—104(in Chinese).
江娃利,邓起东,徐锡伟,等.2004a.1303年山西洪洞8级地震地表破裂带[J].地震学报,26(4):355—362.JIANG Wa-li,DENG Qi-dong,XU Xi-wei,et al.2004a.Surface rupture zone of the1303Hongtong M=8earthquake,Shanxi Province[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,26(4):355—362(in Chinese).
江娃利,谢新生,王瑞,等.2004b.山西断陷系交城断裂全新世古地震活动初步研究[J].地震研究,27(2):184—190.JANG Wa-li,XIE Xin-sheng,WANG Rui,et al.2004b.Preliminary study on activity of Holocene paleoearthquakes along the Jiaocheng Fault in the Shanxi downfaulted system[J].Journal of Seismological Research,27(2):184—190(in Chinese).
刘光勋,孟繁兴,肖振敏,等.1982a.山西洪洞郇堡村古地震遗迹及有关问题的讨论[A].见:中国地震学会地震地质专业委员会编.中国活动断裂.北京:地震出版社.291—294.LIU Guang-xun,MENG Fan-xing,XIAO Zhen-min,et al.1982a.Discuss on the paleoearthquake relic and questions inXunbao Village,Hongtong County,Shanxi[A].In:Committee on Seismogeology,the Seismological Society of China(ed).The Active faults in China.Seismological Press,Beijing.291—294(in Chinese).
刘光勋,肖振敏.1982b.山西地堑系及其地震构造特征[A].见:中国地质学会构造地质专业委员会编.第二届全国地质构造学术会议论文选集(第三卷):中新生代构造.北京:科学出版社.66—74.LIU Guang-xun,XIAO Zhen-min.1982b.Shanxi garben system and its seismotectonics[A].In:Commission on Tectonics of the Geological Society of China(ed).Selected Papers of the Second Congress on Tectonics,VolumeⅢ:The Mid Cenozoic Tectonics.Science Press,Beijing.66—74(in Chinese).
马保起,许桂林,盛小青,等.1999.山西交城断裂活动的构造地貌学研究[A].见:中国地震局地壳应力研究所编.地壳构造与地壳应力文集(12).北京:地震出版社.7—15.MA Bao-qi,XU Gui-lin,SHENG Xiao-qing,et al.1999.A study on tectonogeomorphology along the Jiaocheng Fault,Shanxi Province[A].In:Institute of Crustal Dynamics,CEA(ed).Crustal Tectonics and Crustal Stress(13).Seismological Press,Beijing.7—15(in Chinese).
孟宪梁,于慎谔,系云.1985.山西洪洞8级地震形变遗迹研究[J].地震地质,7(4):1—10.MENG Xian-liang,YU Shen-e,XI Yun.1985.The investigations of deformation traces of Ms=8.0earthquake in Hongtong,Shanxi Province.[J].Seismology and Geology,7(4):1—10(in Chinese).
齐书勤.1983.试论1303年山西8级地震的几个问题[J].华北地震科学,1(1):36—44.QI Shu-qin.1983.On some problems of the1303M=8earthquake of Shanxi Province[J].North China EarthquakeScience,1(1):36—44(in Chinese).
武烈,贾宝卿,许银贵,等.1987.山西境内7次强震及有关几个问题的讨论[J].华北地震科学,5(2):13—23.WU Lie,JIA Bao-qing,XU Yin-gui,et al.1987.Discussion on7strong earthquakes in Shanxi Province and some problems concerned[J].North China Earthquake Science,5(2):13—23(in Chinese).
谢新生,赵晋泉,江娃利,等.2007.山西交城断裂带西张探槽全新世古地震研究[J].地震地质,29(4):744—755.XIE Xin-sheng,ZHAO Jin-quan,JIANG Wa-li,et al.2007.Study on Holocene paleoearthquake in Xizhang trench on theJiaocheng Fault zone,Shanxi Province[J].Seismology and Geology,29(4):744—755(in Chinese).
谢新生,江娃利,孙昌斌,等.2008.山西交城断裂带多个大探槽全新世古地震活动对比研究[J].地震地质,30(2):412—430.XIE Xin-sheng,JIANG Wa-li,SUN Chang-bin,et al.2008.Comparison study on Holocene paleoseismic activities among multitrenches along the Jiaocheng Fault zone,Shanxi[J].Seismology and Geology,30(2):412—430(in Chinese).
许桂林,马保起,江娃利.1998.山西交城断裂带第四纪活动习性及其分段特征[A].见:中国地震局地壳应力研究所编.地壳构造与地壳应力文集(11).北京:地震出版社.13—21.XU Gui-lin,MA Bao-qi,JIANG Wa-li.1998.The behavior and segmentation of the Jiaocheng,Shanxi active fault[A].In:Institute of Crustal Dynamics,CEA(ed).Crustal Tectonics and Crustal Stress(11).Seismological Press,Beijing.13—21(in Chinese).
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