香港地区晚更新世的构造活动性
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摘要
河沥背西北走向的断层最近期的构造活动发生于晚更新世时期,至全新世已经完全停止。晚更新世后期香港地区(如河沥背、黄竹洋、南山和贝澳)滑坡、泥石流和巨型滚石等重力地质事件频繁发生,而且还有原地重复的情况。按照地面地质破坏现象的分布范围、规模和数量等指针综合分析,在晚更新世后期香港地区可能曾经遭受过强烈地震的袭击,其烈度估计可达IX-X度,而且在数万年之内曾经多次发生。1万年以来,构造运动减弱,地震活动降低,地面运动的最大强度相应减小。
The most recent tectonic movement of the NW-trending fault at the Ho Lek Pui area was likely to have occurred during the late Pleistocene.The fault activity have ceased in the Holocene.Possible signs of mass wasting processes,including landslides,debris flows and displacement of very large boulders in the late Pleistocene have been identified in different parts of Hong Kong,such as the Ho Lek Pui,Wong Chuk Yeung,Nam Shan and Pui O areas.Some of the landslide debris lobes were found to be the products of multiple slope failures.Based on an integrated analysis of the distribution,scale and quantity of the potential evidence for neotectonic movement,it is suggested that Hong Kong may have been affected by intensive seismic shaking clustered within tens of thousands of years in the late Pleistocene,with intensity values of possibly between IX and X.It is found that in the recent 10 000 years,the tectonic activity and seismicity in the region have diminished,so that the intensity of ground motion has been reduced correspondingly.
The most recent tectonic movement of the NW-trending fault at the Ho Lek Pui area was likely to have occurred during the late Pleistocene.The fault activity have ceased in the Holocene.Possible signs of mass wasting processes,including landslides,debris flows and displacement of very large boulders in the late Pleistocene have been identified in different parts of Hong Kong,such as the Ho Lek Pui,Wong Chuk Yeung,Nam Shan and Pui O areas.Some of the landslide debris lobes were found to be the products of multiple slope failures.Based on an integrated analysis of the distribution,scale and quantity of the potential evidence for neotectonic movement,it is suggested that Hong Kong may have been affected by intensive seismic shaking clustered within tens of thousands of years in the late Pleistocene,with intensity values of possibly between IX and X.It is found that in the recent 10 000 years,the tectonic activity and seismicity in the region have diminished,so that the intensity of ground motion has been reduced correspondingly.
引文
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[27]丁原章,黎权伟.香港地区活动断裂的初步研究[J].华南地震,1998,18(1):84-90.
[28]马浩明,陈庞龙.深圳市观谰断层第四纪活动性研究[J].华南地震,2009,29(3):17-24.
[29]Ding Y.Z,Lai K.W.Neotectonic Fault Activity in Hong Kong;evidence from seismic events and thermoluminescence dating of fault gouge[J].Journal of the Geological Society,1997,154:1001-1007.
[30]陈国能,张珂,陈华富,等.珠江三角洲断裂构造最新活动性研究[J].华南地震,1995,15(3):16-21.
[31]张珂,陈国能,庄文明,等.珠江三角洲北部晚第四纪构造运动的新证据[J].华南地震,2009,29(S1):25-29.
[32]黄镇国.珠江三角洲形成发育演化[M].广州:普及出版社广州分社,1982.
[2]Geotechnical Engineering Office(GEO).Geological Map of Hong Kong,Hong Kong Geological Survey SeriesHGM100,Scale 1:100 000,First Edition[R].Hong Kong:Geotechnical Engineering Office,CivilEngineering and Development Department,Government of HKSAR,2000.
[3]Tang,D.L.K.,Ding,Y.Z.,Lee,etal.Study of the Potential Evidence for Neotectonic Fault Movement andCorrelation with Natural Terrain Landslides in Hong Kong(Part 1:Ho Lek Pui Area)[R].Hong Kong:Geotechnical Engineering Office,Civil Engineering and Development Department,Government of HKSAR,2009.
[4]松田时彦.活断层かふ发生すゐ地震の规模と周期にらぃ[M]//地震II.东京:东京大学出版社,1975.
[5]活断层研究会.日本の活断层图[M].东京:东京大学出版社,1982.
[6]黄润秋,许强.中国典型灾难性滑坡[M].北京:科学出版社,2008
[7]Wong,J.F.C.,Ding,Y.Z.Study of the Potential Evidence for Neotectonic Fault Movement and Correlation withNatural Terrain Landslides in Hong Kong(Part 2:Wong Chuk Yeung Area)[R].Hong Kong:GeotechnicalEngineering Office,Civil Engineering and Development Department,Government of HKSAR,2010.
[8]Sewell,R.J.,Tang,D.L.K.,Wong,J.C.F.,Synthesis Report on the Study of the Potential Evidence forNeotectonic Fault Movement and Correlation with Natural Terrain Landslides in Hong Kong[R].Hong Kong:Geotechnical Engineering Office,Civil Engineering and Development Department,Government of HKSAR,2011.
[9]N.Ambraseys,M.Svbulov.Earthquake Induced Displacements of Slopes[J].Soil Dynamics and EarthquakeEngineering,1995,14(1):59-71.
[10]Keefer,D.K.Investigating Landslides Caused by Earthquakes-a Historical Review[J].Surveys inGeophysics,2002,23(6):473-510.
[11]谢毓寿,蔡美彪.中国地震历史资料汇编[M].北京:科学出版社,1985.
[12]闵子群主编.中国历史强震目录[M].北京:地震出版社,1995.
[13]钱纲.二十世纪中国重灾百录[M].上海:上海人民出版社,1999.
[14]陈颙,史培军.自然灾害[M].北京:北京师范大学出版社,2007.
[15]Cheng,J.D.,Chen,B.K.,Su,R.R.,etal.Landslides Induced by the Disastrous Earthquake on September 21,1999 in Central Taiwan(Geophysical Research Abstracts)[R].France:European Geophysical Society 25thGeneral Assembly,Nice,,2000
[16]Lin,J.C.,Jen,C.H.,Jou,T.C.,Earthquake Landslide Hazard;Case Study of Chi-Chi Earthquake,Taiwan[R].Tokyo:Paper Presented at International Conference on Geomorphology,2001.
[17]国家地震局兰州地震研究所,宁夏回族自治区地震队.1920年海原大地震[M].北京:科学出版社,1980.
[18]谢洪.泥石流灾害及防治[J].科学,2006,58(5):28-31,
[19]Pun,W.K.,Ambraseys N.N.,Earthquake Data Review and Seismic Hazard Analysis for the Hong KongRegion[J].Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics.1992,21,(5):35-45.
[20]Lee,C.F.,Ding,Y.Z.,Huang,R.H,etal.Seismic hazard analysis of the Hong Kong Region[R].Hong Kong:Geotechnical Engineering Office,1998.
[21]Geotechnical Engineering Office(GEO),Earthquake Risk in Hong Kong.Information Note 05/2007[R].Geotechnical Engineering Office,Civil Engineering and Development Department,Government of HKSAR,2007
[22]丁原章.广东和香港地震风险概论[M].香港:商务印书馆,2004.
[23]Gutenberg B,Richter C F.Seismicity of the Earth and Associated Phenomenon(2nd Ed)[R].Princeton:Princeton University Press,1954.
[24]Sewell,R.J.,Barrows,T.T.,Campbell,etal.Exposure Dating(10Be,26Al)of Natural Terrain Landslides inHong Kong[R].Geological Society of America,2006
[25]黄镇国.中国南方红色风化壳[M].北京:海洋出版社,1996.
[26]计凤桔,马胜利,刘明达,等.断层物质测年的热释光研究[J].地震地质,1994,16(2):167-175,
[27]丁原章,黎权伟.香港地区活动断裂的初步研究[J].华南地震,1998,18(1):84-90.
[28]马浩明,陈庞龙.深圳市观谰断层第四纪活动性研究[J].华南地震,2009,29(3):17-24.
[29]Ding Y.Z,Lai K.W.Neotectonic Fault Activity in Hong Kong;evidence from seismic events and thermoluminescence dating of fault gouge[J].Journal of the Geological Society,1997,154:1001-1007.
[30]陈国能,张珂,陈华富,等.珠江三角洲断裂构造最新活动性研究[J].华南地震,1995,15(3):16-21.
[31]张珂,陈国能,庄文明,等.珠江三角洲北部晚第四纪构造运动的新证据[J].华南地震,2009,29(S1):25-29.
[32]黄镇国.珠江三角洲形成发育演化[M].广州:普及出版社广州分社,1982.
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