断层围陷波观测和应用
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摘要
断层围陷波的观测特点是利用密集的地震台阵,横跨断层布设测线。可以利用爆炸震源也可以利用余震进行观测,本文分别介绍了实际观测的例子。对大地震破裂带内部的观测,测线位置通常布设在地表破裂带明显、已开挖了地震探槽、断层陡坎出露等地震地质的典型地段。利用爆炸震源激发观测断层围陷波,震源位置应尽量选择在断层带上,震源炸药量大约500kg,测线位置与震源的距离大约5—15km。断层围陷波在新破裂带和老的断层中都能形成和传播,因此该方法可以用于大震破裂带研究,也可以用于城市活断层探测。
The observation of the fault zone trapped waves is based on the dense temporary seismic arrays across the faults. Both of explosion sources and aftershocks can be used for the observation. In this paper, practical examples are introduced, respectly. For the observation of the internal of rupture zones in the strong earthquakes, it is suggested that the observational lines should be located in the places of typical geological features, such as the clear surface rupture, the excavated seismic trenches, the fault scarp and etc. However, for the explosion sources, it is suggested that the explosion sources should be located nearby the fault belts. In our experiment, the explosion amount is nearly 500 kg and the distance from the observational lines to the explosion sources is 5—15km. The fault zone trapped waves can be formed and propagate in the new fractured zones and the old faults. Therefore, this method can be used for the study on the rupture zones in the strong earthquakes and also used for the active fault exploration in urban areas.
The observation of the fault zone trapped waves is based on the dense temporary seismic arrays across the faults. Both of explosion sources and aftershocks can be used for the observation. In this paper, practical examples are introduced, respectly. For the observation of the internal of rupture zones in the strong earthquakes, it is suggested that the observational lines should be located in the places of typical geological features, such as the clear surface rupture, the excavated seismic trenches, the fault scarp and etc. However, for the explosion sources, it is suggested that the explosion sources should be located nearby the fault belts. In our experiment, the explosion amount is nearly 500 kg and the distance from the observational lines to the explosion sources is 5—15km. The fault zone trapped waves can be formed and propagate in the new fractured zones and the old faults. Therefore, this method can be used for the study on the rupture zones in the strong earthquakes and also used for the active fault exploration in urban areas.
引文
赖晓玲,李松林,2008.汶川地震区平通镇断层围陷波探测.大地测量与地球动力学,28(6):6—10.
李松林,赖晓玲,何加勇等,2007.汤西断裂的断层围陷波初步研究.地震地质,29(2):354—362.
李松林,张先康,樊计昌,2005.利用断层围陷波研究昆仑山口西8.1级地震破裂面.地震学报,27(1):42 —50.
刘静,孙杰,张智慧等,2010.汶川地震映秀-北川地表破裂带虹口乡段精细填图、位移特征和地震构造分析.第四纪研究,30(1):1—29.
楼海,王椿镛,丁志峰等,2006.昆仑山断层围陷波的分析和研究.地球物理学报,49(3):788—796.
王椿镛,丁志峰,杨建思等,2004.2001年11月14日昆仑山西口MS8.1地震产生的断层带细结构研究.见:中国大陆地震学与地球内部物理学进展——庆贺曾融生院士八十寿辰.北京:地震出版社,38—58.
徐锡伟,闻学泽,叶建青等,2008.汶川MS 8.0地震地表破裂带及其发震构造.地震地质,30(3):597 —629.
姚志祥,王椿镛,裴正林,2007.昆仑山断裂带围陷波的有限差分数值模拟解释.地球物理学报,50(3):760 —769.
郑文俊,李传友,王伟涛等,2008.汶川8.0级地震陡坎(北川以北段)探槽的记录特征.地震地质,30(3):697 —709.
Cochran E.S.,Li Y.G.,and John E.Vidale,2006.Anisotropy in the Shallow Crust Observed around the San Andreas Fault Before and After the 2004 M6.0 Parkfield Earthquake.Bull.Seism.Soc.Am.,96(4B):S364—S375.
Korneev V.A.,Nadeau R.M.,Mc Evilly T.V.,2003.Seismological Studies at Parkfield IX:Fault-Zone Imaging Using Guided Wave Attenuation.Bull.Seism.Soc.Am.,93(4):1415—1426.
Lewis M.A.,Peng Z.,Ben-Zion Y.,Vernon F.L.,2005.Shallow seismic trapping structure in the San Jacinto fault zone near Anza,California.Geophys.J.Int.,162:867—881.
Li Y.G.,Leary P.G.,1990.Fault zone trapped seismic waves,Bull.Seism.Soc.Am.,80:1245—1271.
Li Y.G.,Vidale J.E.,Day S.M.,et al.,2003.Post-seismic fault healing on the 1999 M7.1 Hector Mine,California earthquake.Bull.Seism.Soc.Am.,93(2):854—869.
Mamada Y.,Kuwahara Y.,Ito H.,Takenaka H.,2004.Discontinuity of the Mozumi–Sukenobu fault low-velocity zone,central Japan,inferred from 3-D finite-difference simulation of fault zone waves excited by explosive sources.Tectonophysics,378:209—222.
Mizuno T.,Nishigami K.,2006.Deep structure of the Nojima Fault,southwest Japan,estimated from borehole observations of fault-zone trapped waves.Tectonophysics,417:231—247.
Mizuno T.,Kuwahara Y.,Ito H.,Nishigami K.,2008.Spatial Variations in Fault-Zone Structure along the Nojima Fault,Central Japan,as Inferred from Borehole Observations of Fault-Zone Trapped Waves.Bull.Seism.Soc.Am.,98(2):558—570.
Rovelli A.,Caserta A.,Marra F.,Ruggiero V.,2002.Can Seismic Waves Be Trapped inside an Inactive Fault Zone?The Case Study of Nocera Umbra,Central Italy.Bull.Seism.Soc.Am.,92(6):2217—2232.
李松林,赖晓玲,何加勇等,2007.汤西断裂的断层围陷波初步研究.地震地质,29(2):354—362.
李松林,张先康,樊计昌,2005.利用断层围陷波研究昆仑山口西8.1级地震破裂面.地震学报,27(1):42 —50.
刘静,孙杰,张智慧等,2010.汶川地震映秀-北川地表破裂带虹口乡段精细填图、位移特征和地震构造分析.第四纪研究,30(1):1—29.
楼海,王椿镛,丁志峰等,2006.昆仑山断层围陷波的分析和研究.地球物理学报,49(3):788—796.
王椿镛,丁志峰,杨建思等,2004.2001年11月14日昆仑山西口MS8.1地震产生的断层带细结构研究.见:中国大陆地震学与地球内部物理学进展——庆贺曾融生院士八十寿辰.北京:地震出版社,38—58.
徐锡伟,闻学泽,叶建青等,2008.汶川MS 8.0地震地表破裂带及其发震构造.地震地质,30(3):597 —629.
姚志祥,王椿镛,裴正林,2007.昆仑山断裂带围陷波的有限差分数值模拟解释.地球物理学报,50(3):760 —769.
郑文俊,李传友,王伟涛等,2008.汶川8.0级地震陡坎(北川以北段)探槽的记录特征.地震地质,30(3):697 —709.
Cochran E.S.,Li Y.G.,and John E.Vidale,2006.Anisotropy in the Shallow Crust Observed around the San Andreas Fault Before and After the 2004 M6.0 Parkfield Earthquake.Bull.Seism.Soc.Am.,96(4B):S364—S375.
Korneev V.A.,Nadeau R.M.,Mc Evilly T.V.,2003.Seismological Studies at Parkfield IX:Fault-Zone Imaging Using Guided Wave Attenuation.Bull.Seism.Soc.Am.,93(4):1415—1426.
Lewis M.A.,Peng Z.,Ben-Zion Y.,Vernon F.L.,2005.Shallow seismic trapping structure in the San Jacinto fault zone near Anza,California.Geophys.J.Int.,162:867—881.
Li Y.G.,Leary P.G.,1990.Fault zone trapped seismic waves,Bull.Seism.Soc.Am.,80:1245—1271.
Li Y.G.,Vidale J.E.,Day S.M.,et al.,2003.Post-seismic fault healing on the 1999 M7.1 Hector Mine,California earthquake.Bull.Seism.Soc.Am.,93(2):854—869.
Mamada Y.,Kuwahara Y.,Ito H.,Takenaka H.,2004.Discontinuity of the Mozumi–Sukenobu fault low-velocity zone,central Japan,inferred from 3-D finite-difference simulation of fault zone waves excited by explosive sources.Tectonophysics,378:209—222.
Mizuno T.,Nishigami K.,2006.Deep structure of the Nojima Fault,southwest Japan,estimated from borehole observations of fault-zone trapped waves.Tectonophysics,417:231—247.
Mizuno T.,Kuwahara Y.,Ito H.,Nishigami K.,2008.Spatial Variations in Fault-Zone Structure along the Nojima Fault,Central Japan,as Inferred from Borehole Observations of Fault-Zone Trapped Waves.Bull.Seism.Soc.Am.,98(2):558—570.
Rovelli A.,Caserta A.,Marra F.,Ruggiero V.,2002.Can Seismic Waves Be Trapped inside an Inactive Fault Zone?The Case Study of Nocera Umbra,Central Italy.Bull.Seism.Soc.Am.,92(6):2217—2232.
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