2015年4月25日尼泊尔中部M_W7.8地震
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摘要
<正>2015年4月25日当地时间12时11分加德满都(Kathmandu)地区发生地震,此次地震对加德满都和尼泊尔(Nepal)整个中部地区造成相当大的破坏。20世纪90年代初期,早在数值定量化分析喜马拉雅山脉(Himalaya)汇聚速率之前[1],此次地震已经被预测[2-3]。当时并不确定北倾6°的喜马拉雅滑脱构造带上浅部蠕滑行为能否释放积累的挤压应力。自那以后,大量研究[4-6]确认了板
引文
[1]Bilham R,Larson K,Freymueller J,et al.GPS measurements of present-day convergence across the Nepal Himalaya.Nature,1997,386:61-64
[2]Bilham R.The next great earthquake in the Nepal Himalaya.Himal.Magazine,1994,7(3):26-30
[3]Bilham R,Bodin P,Jackson M.Entertaining agreat earthquake in Western Nepal:Historical activity and geodetic tests for the development of strain.J.Geol.Soc.Nepal,1995,11(1):73-88
[4]Ader T,Avouac J P,Liu-Zeng J,et al.Convergence rate across the Nepal Himalaya and interseismic coupling on the Main Himalayan Thrust:Implications for seismic hazard.J.Geophys.Res.,2012,117,B04403.doi:10.1029/2011JB009071
[5]Sapkota S N,Bollinger L,Klinger Y,et al.Primary surface ruptures of the great Himalayan earthquakes in 1934and 1255.Nature Geoscience,2013,6:71-76.doi:10.1038/ngeo1669
[6]Bollinger L,Sapkota S N,Tapponnier P,et al.Estimating the return times of great Himalayan earthquakes in Eastern Nepal:Evidence from the Patu and Bardibas strands of the Main Frontal Thrust.J.Geophys.Res.,2014,119:7123-7163.doi:10.1002/2014JB010970
[7]Feldl N,Bilham R.Great Himalayan earthquakes and the Tibetan Plateau.Nature,2006,444:165-170.doi:10.1038/nature05199
[8]Jones L,Molnar P.Frequency of foreshocks.Nature,1976,262:667-679.doi:10.1038/262677a0
[9]Bilham R,Ambraseys N.Apparent Himalayan slip deficit from the summation of seismic moments for Himalayan earthquakes,1500-2000.Curr.Sci.,2005,88(10):1658-1663
[10]Schiffman C,Bali B S,Szeliga W,et al.Seismic slip deficit in the Kashmir Himalaya from GPS observations.Geophys.Res.Lett.,2013,40:5642-5645.doi:10.1002/2013GL057700
[11]Drukpa D,Pelgay P,Bhattacharya A,et al.GPS costraints on Indo-Asian convergence in the Bhutan Himalaya:Segmentation and potential for a 8.2 [12]Vernant P,Bilham R,Szeliga W,et al.Clockwise rotation of the Brahmaputra Valley relative to India:Tectonic convergence in the eastern Himalaya,Naga Hills,and Shillong Plateau.J.Geophys.Res.,2014,119(8):6558-6571.doi:10.1002/2014JB011196
[2]Bilham R.The next great earthquake in the Nepal Himalaya.Himal.Magazine,1994,7(3):26-30
[3]Bilham R,Bodin P,Jackson M.Entertaining agreat earthquake in Western Nepal:Historical activity and geodetic tests for the development of strain.J.Geol.Soc.Nepal,1995,11(1):73-88
[4]Ader T,Avouac J P,Liu-Zeng J,et al.Convergence rate across the Nepal Himalaya and interseismic coupling on the Main Himalayan Thrust:Implications for seismic hazard.J.Geophys.Res.,2012,117,B04403.doi:10.1029/2011JB009071
[5]Sapkota S N,Bollinger L,Klinger Y,et al.Primary surface ruptures of the great Himalayan earthquakes in 1934and 1255.Nature Geoscience,2013,6:71-76.doi:10.1038/ngeo1669
[6]Bollinger L,Sapkota S N,Tapponnier P,et al.Estimating the return times of great Himalayan earthquakes in Eastern Nepal:Evidence from the Patu and Bardibas strands of the Main Frontal Thrust.J.Geophys.Res.,2014,119:7123-7163.doi:10.1002/2014JB010970
[7]Feldl N,Bilham R.Great Himalayan earthquakes and the Tibetan Plateau.Nature,2006,444:165-170.doi:10.1038/nature05199
[8]Jones L,Molnar P.Frequency of foreshocks.Nature,1976,262:667-679.doi:10.1038/262677a0
[9]Bilham R,Ambraseys N.Apparent Himalayan slip deficit from the summation of seismic moments for Himalayan earthquakes,1500-2000.Curr.Sci.,2005,88(10):1658-1663
[10]Schiffman C,Bali B S,Szeliga W,et al.Seismic slip deficit in the Kashmir Himalaya from GPS observations.Geophys.Res.Lett.,2013,40:5642-5645.doi:10.1002/2013GL057700
[11]Drukpa D,Pelgay P,Bhattacharya A,et al.GPS costraints on Indo-Asian convergence in the Bhutan Himalaya:Segmentation and potential for a 8.2
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