汶川地震地表破裂带宽度与断层上盘效应
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摘要
以汶川地震产生的地表破裂宽度为研究对象,以地表微变形、裂隙和鼓包、叠瓦状断层及反冲断层等为标志界定破裂的宽度,查明中央破裂带和前山破裂带宽度的分布。结果表明,中央断裂带与汉旺–白鹿断裂带的地表破裂宽度不同,中央断裂带不同段落的地表破裂宽度也不相同。断层还表现出明显的断层上盘效应,北川–映秀断裂上盘最小避让距离为70 m,下盘最小避让距离为23.5 m,断层两侧避让总宽度不应小于108m;汉旺–白鹿断裂上盘最小避让距离为35 m,下盘最小避让距离20 m,总避让宽度不应小于58 m。地表破裂宽度及断层上盘效应与破裂带陡坎高度、地震烈度分布、强震记录具有较好的一致性。
The authors make the width of surface rupture caused by 2008 Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake as the object,characterize the width of surface rupture by the thrust fault scarps,flexure-slip folds,and mole tracks,and check out characteristics of the width of the surface rupture along the Beichuan-Yingxiu fault and Hanwang-Bailu fault.The conclusion suggests that there is difference about the width between the Beichuan-Yingxiu fault and Hanwang-Bailu fault and about the width in different section along the same Beichuan-Yingxiu fault.Both of the faults have obvious hanging wall effect.The safety distance away from the fault in the hanging wall in rebuilding is 70 m at least and 23.5 m in the foot wall,and the total safety distance along the fault in rebuilding should be more than 108 m about the Beichuan-Yingxiu fault.The safety distance away from the fault in the hanging wall in rebuilding is 35 m at least and 20 m in the foot wall,and the total distance should be more than 58 m about the Hanwang-Bailu fault.In addition,the width and hanging wall effect of co-seismic surface rupture zone is in accordance with the hight of fault scarp,intensity isoseismal map,and strong earthquake ground motions.
The authors make the width of surface rupture caused by 2008 Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake as the object,characterize the width of surface rupture by the thrust fault scarps,flexure-slip folds,and mole tracks,and check out characteristics of the width of the surface rupture along the Beichuan-Yingxiu fault and Hanwang-Bailu fault.The conclusion suggests that there is difference about the width between the Beichuan-Yingxiu fault and Hanwang-Bailu fault and about the width in different section along the same Beichuan-Yingxiu fault.Both of the faults have obvious hanging wall effect.The safety distance away from the fault in the hanging wall in rebuilding is 70 m at least and 23.5 m in the foot wall,and the total safety distance along the fault in rebuilding should be more than 108 m about the Beichuan-Yingxiu fault.The safety distance away from the fault in the hanging wall in rebuilding is 35 m at least and 20 m in the foot wall,and the total distance should be more than 58 m about the Hanwang-Bailu fault.In addition,the width and hanging wall effect of co-seismic surface rupture zone is in accordance with the hight of fault scarp,intensity isoseismal map,and strong earthquake ground motions.
引文
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[16]王海云,谢礼立.近断层强地震动的特点.哈尔滨工业大学学报,2006,38(12):2070-2076
[17]刘启方,袁一凡,金星,等.近断层地震动的基本特征.地震工程与工程振动,2006,26(1):1-10
[18]陈运泰,许力生,张勇,等.2008年5月12日汶川特大地震震源特性分析报告[R].(2008–05)[2008–06–12].http://www.csi.ac.cn/sichuan/chenyuntai.pdf
[19]Ahrahamson N A,Somerville P G.Effects of thehanging wall and footwall on ground motionsrecorded during the Northridge earthquake.BullSeism Soc Amer,1996,86(1B):S93-S99
[20]Brune J N.Shattered rock and precarious rockevidence for strong asymmetry in ground motionsduring thrust faulting.Bulletin of the SeismologicalSociety of America,2001,91(3):441-447
[21]俞言祥,高孟潭.台湾集集地震近场地震动的上盘效应.地震学报,2001,21(6):615-621
[22]Oglesby D D,Archuleta R J,Nielsen S B.Earthquakeson dipping faults:the effects of broken symmetry.Science,1998,280:1055-1059
[23]付碧宏,时丕龙,王萍,等.2008年汶川地震断层北川段的几何学与运动学特征及地震地质灾害效应.地球物理学报,2009,52(2):485-495
[24]吴健,吕红山,刘爱文.汶川地震烈度分布与震源过程相关性的初步研究.震灾防御技术,2008,3(3):224-229
[25]谢俊举,温增平,高孟潭,等.2008年汶川地震近断层竖向水平向地震动特征.地球物理学报,2010,53(8):1796-1805
[26]周荣军,赖敏,余桦,等.汶川Ms8.0地震四川及邻区数字强震台网记录.岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(9):1850-1858
[2]李海兵,王宗秀,付小方,等.2008年5月12日汶川地震(Ms8.0)地表破裂带分布特征.中国地质,2008,35(5):803-813
[3]徐锡伟,闻学泽,叶建青,等.汶川Ms8.0地震地表破裂带及其发震构造.地震地质,2008,30(3):597-629
[4]李海兵,司家亮,付小方,等.2008年汶川地震同震滑移特征、最大滑移量及构造意义.第四纪研究,2009,29(3):387-402
[5]何仲太,马保起,田勤俭,等.汶川8.0地震地表破裂平通镇段的变形特征.第四纪研究,2008,28(5):789-795
[6]徐锡伟,于贵华,冉勇康,等.活断层避让带宽度确定依据与方法.地震地质,2002,24(4):470-483
[7]韩竹军,冉永康,徐锡伟.隐伏活断层未来地表破裂带宽度与位错量初步研究.地震地质,2002,24(4):484-494
[8]万波,高常波,郑双成.地震地表破裂发育特点及环境条件分析.东北地震研究,2004,20(1):1-8
[9]周庆,徐锡伟,于贵华,等.汶川8.0级地震地表破裂带宽度调查.地震地质,2008,30(3):778-787
[10]Zhou Qing,Xu Xiwei,Yu Guihua,et al.Widthdistribution of the surface ruptures associated with theWenchuan Earthquake:implication for the setbackzone of the seismogenic faults in postquakereconstruction.Bulletin of the Seismological Societyof America,2010,100(5B):2660-2668
[11]赵纪生,吴景发,师黎静,等.汶川地震地表破裂周围建筑物重建的避让距离.地震工程与工程振动,2009,29(6):96-101
[12]于贵华,徐锡伟,陈桂华,等.汶川8.0级地震地表变形局部化样式与建筑物破坏特征关系初步研究.地球物理学报,2009,52(12):3027-3041
[13]马博琳,李勇,董顺利,等.汶川地震震中映秀地区地表破裂特征.西北地震学报,2009,31(4):339-343
[14]刘静,孙杰,张智慧,等.汶川地震北川映秀地表破裂带虹口乡段精细填图、位移特征和地震构造分析.第四纪研究,2010,30(1):1-29
[15]李勇,周荣军,Densmore A L,等.北川-映秀断裂的地表破裂与变形特征.地质学报,2008,82(12):1688-1706
[16]王海云,谢礼立.近断层强地震动的特点.哈尔滨工业大学学报,2006,38(12):2070-2076
[17]刘启方,袁一凡,金星,等.近断层地震动的基本特征.地震工程与工程振动,2006,26(1):1-10
[18]陈运泰,许力生,张勇,等.2008年5月12日汶川特大地震震源特性分析报告[R].(2008–05)[2008–06–12].http://www.csi.ac.cn/sichuan/chenyuntai.pdf
[19]Ahrahamson N A,Somerville P G.Effects of thehanging wall and footwall on ground motionsrecorded during the Northridge earthquake.BullSeism Soc Amer,1996,86(1B):S93-S99
[20]Brune J N.Shattered rock and precarious rockevidence for strong asymmetry in ground motionsduring thrust faulting.Bulletin of the SeismologicalSociety of America,2001,91(3):441-447
[21]俞言祥,高孟潭.台湾集集地震近场地震动的上盘效应.地震学报,2001,21(6):615-621
[22]Oglesby D D,Archuleta R J,Nielsen S B.Earthquakeson dipping faults:the effects of broken symmetry.Science,1998,280:1055-1059
[23]付碧宏,时丕龙,王萍,等.2008年汶川地震断层北川段的几何学与运动学特征及地震地质灾害效应.地球物理学报,2009,52(2):485-495
[24]吴健,吕红山,刘爱文.汶川地震烈度分布与震源过程相关性的初步研究.震灾防御技术,2008,3(3):224-229
[25]谢俊举,温增平,高孟潭,等.2008年汶川地震近断层竖向水平向地震动特征.地球物理学报,2010,53(8):1796-1805
[26]周荣军,赖敏,余桦,等.汶川Ms8.0地震四川及邻区数字强震台网记录.岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(9):1850-1858
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