微地震信号频率特性分析
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摘要
微地震信号的频率可影响地震资料的分辨率等,是一种重要特征参数。本文分析了微地震信号的频率特性,研究了信号在传播过程中的三个影响因素:震源破裂尺度、传播介质的黏弹性效应和接收仪器的响应频带等。结果表明:随着微地震信号传播距离的增大,信号频率降低,当传播到一定距离时,信号频率基本不再变化;完全弹性介质中地震波主频不变,但在黏弹性介质中,随着传播距离的增大,地震波能量急剧减小、主频明显变低;地震信号在传播过程中其主频呈总体下降趋势,但在层位界面处主频有一个增大的转折。
Frequency of micro-seismic signals is a very important characteristic parameter which may affect seismic data resolution.In this paper,frequency characteristics of micro-seismic signals are analyzed such as source rupture scale,viscoelastic effect of medium,and frequency bandwidth response of recorders in the signal propagation process.The following observations are obtained from our work:A.Signal frequency decreases with propagation distance increase.When the propagation distance increases to a certain degree,the signal frequency become unchanged;B.The dominant frequency does not change in full elastic medium,but it decreases with propagation distance increase in viscoelastic medium,and seismic energy decreases too with the propagation distance;C.The dominant frequency decreases gradually during signal propagation process,but it decreases suddenly when crossing an interface.
Frequency of micro-seismic signals is a very important characteristic parameter which may affect seismic data resolution.In this paper,frequency characteristics of micro-seismic signals are analyzed such as source rupture scale,viscoelastic effect of medium,and frequency bandwidth response of recorders in the signal propagation process.The following observations are obtained from our work:A.Signal frequency decreases with propagation distance increase.When the propagation distance increases to a certain degree,the signal frequency become unchanged;B.The dominant frequency does not change in full elastic medium,but it decreases with propagation distance increase in viscoelastic medium,and seismic energy decreases too with the propagation distance;C.The dominant frequency decreases gradually during signal propagation process,but it decreases suddenly when crossing an interface.
引文
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[17]朱卫星.相关滤波在微地震数据处理中的应用.勘探地球物理进展,2007,30(2):130-134.Zhu Weixing.Application of correlation filter in processing of microseismic data.Progress in Exploration Geophysics,2007,30(2):130-134.
[18]卓钰如.破裂长度、地震矩及地震应力降与震级关系的讨论.地球物理学报,1984,27(3):298-302.Zhuo Yuru.On the relationships between ruturelength,seismic moment,stress drop of earthquakes sources and magnitude.Acta Geophysics Sinica,1984,27(3):298-302.
[19]孙成禹.地震波理论与方法.山东东营:中国石油大学出版社,2007.
[20]唐杰,王宝善,葛洪魁等.小当量激发的远距离信号检测研究.地球物理学报,2008,51(6):1810-1818.Tang Jie,Wang Baoshan,Ge Hongkui et al.Study on weak signal of small shot in regional scale deep exploration.Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2008,51(6):1810-1818.
[21]李子顺.地震波衰减规律及其恢复方法.地球物理学进展,2007,22(5):1545-1551.Li Zishun.Seismic wave attenuation and recovering method.Progress in Geophysics,2007,22(5):1545-1551.
[22]刘百红,秦绪英,郑四连等.微地震监测技术及其在油田中的应用现状.勘探地球物理进展,2005,28(5):325-329.Liu Baihong,Qin Xuying,Zheng Silian et al.Microseismic monitoring and its applications in oilfield operations.Progress in Exploration Geophysics,2005,28(5):325-329.
[23]Chambers K,Kendall J M,Brandsberg-Dahl S et al.Testing the ability of surface arrays to monitor microseismic activity.Geophysical Prospecting,2010,58(5):821-830.
[2]Ebel J E.Watching the weather using a seismograph.Seismological Research Letters,2002,73(6):930-932.
[3]Hasselmann K.A statistical analysis of the generation of microseisms.Reviews of Geophysics,1963,1(2):177-210.
[4]刘振武,撒利明,杨晓等.页岩气勘探开发对地球物理技术的需求.石油地球物理勘探,2011,46(5):810-818.Liu Zhenwu,Sa Liming,Yang Xiao et al.Needs of geophysical technologies for shale gas exploration.OGP,2011,46(5):810-818.
[5]姜福兴,Xun Luo,杨淑华.采场覆岩空间破裂与采动应力场的微震探测研究.岩土工程学报,2003,25(1):23-25.Jiang Fuxing,Xun Luo,Yang Shuhua.Study on microseismic for spatial structure of overlying strata and mining pressure field in longwall face.Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2003,25(1):23-25.
[6]Rothert E,Shapiro S A.Microseismic monitoring of borehole fluid injections:Data modeling and inversion for hydraulic properties of rocks.Geophysics,2003,68(2):685-689.
[7]宋维琪,冯超.微地震有效事件自动识别与定位方法.石油地球物理勘探,2013,48(2):283-288.Song Weiqi and Feng Chao.Automatic identification and localization of micro seismic effective events.OGP,2013,48(2):283.
[8]张山,刘清林.微地震监测技术在油田开发中的应用.石油物探,2002,41(2):226-231.Zhang Shan,Liu Qinglin.Application of microseismic monitoring technology in development of oil field.GPP,2002,41(2):226-231.
[9]Maxwell S C,Urbancic T I.The role of passive microseismic monitoring in the instrumented oil field.The Leading Edge,2001,20(6):636-639.
[10]Rothert E,Shapiro S A.Microseismic monitoring of borehole fluid injections:Data modeling and inversion for hydraulic properties of rocks.Geophysics,2003,68(2):685-689.
[11]Oye V,Roth M.Automated seismic event location for hydrocarbon reservoirs.Computers&Geosciences,2003,29(7):851-863.
[12]Lu C,Dou L,Wu X et al.Frequency spectrum analysis on microseismic monitoring and signal differentiation of rock material.Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering—Chinese Edition,2005,27(7):772.
[13]李智敏,苟先太,金炜东等.微地震信号的频率特征.岩土工程学报,2008,30(6):830-834.Li Zhimin,Gou Xiantai,Jin Weidong et al.Frequency features of microseismic signals.Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2008,30(6):830-834.
[14]Aki K,Richards P G.Quantitative Seismology.Freeman and Co,New York,1980.
[15]Madariaga R.Dynamics of an expanding circular fault.Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,1976,66(3):639-666.
[16]Richter C F.An instrumental earthquake magnitude scale.Bull Seism Soc Am,1935,25(1):1-32.
[17]朱卫星.相关滤波在微地震数据处理中的应用.勘探地球物理进展,2007,30(2):130-134.Zhu Weixing.Application of correlation filter in processing of microseismic data.Progress in Exploration Geophysics,2007,30(2):130-134.
[18]卓钰如.破裂长度、地震矩及地震应力降与震级关系的讨论.地球物理学报,1984,27(3):298-302.Zhuo Yuru.On the relationships between ruturelength,seismic moment,stress drop of earthquakes sources and magnitude.Acta Geophysics Sinica,1984,27(3):298-302.
[19]孙成禹.地震波理论与方法.山东东营:中国石油大学出版社,2007.
[20]唐杰,王宝善,葛洪魁等.小当量激发的远距离信号检测研究.地球物理学报,2008,51(6):1810-1818.Tang Jie,Wang Baoshan,Ge Hongkui et al.Study on weak signal of small shot in regional scale deep exploration.Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2008,51(6):1810-1818.
[21]李子顺.地震波衰减规律及其恢复方法.地球物理学进展,2007,22(5):1545-1551.Li Zishun.Seismic wave attenuation and recovering method.Progress in Geophysics,2007,22(5):1545-1551.
[22]刘百红,秦绪英,郑四连等.微地震监测技术及其在油田中的应用现状.勘探地球物理进展,2005,28(5):325-329.Liu Baihong,Qin Xuying,Zheng Silian et al.Microseismic monitoring and its applications in oilfield operations.Progress in Exploration Geophysics,2005,28(5):325-329.
[23]Chambers K,Kendall J M,Brandsberg-Dahl S et al.Testing the ability of surface arrays to monitor microseismic activity.Geophysical Prospecting,2010,58(5):821-830.
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