汶川地震芦山地震次生地质灾害特征对比
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摘要
"5·12"汶川特大地震和"4·20"芦山地震在造成重大人员伤亡和财产损失的同时,还诱发了大量的崩塌、滑坡和泥石流等次生地质灾害。基于龙门山地震地质背景,根据已公开发表的成果,结合野外资料,对比分析了汶川地震芦山地震次生地质灾害的差异,并探讨影响二者差异的因素,得到以下3点认识:(1)芦山地震与汶川地震发震机理不同,但汶川地震芦山地震具有诱发作用;(2)汶川地震芦山地震均触发了一系列次生地质灾害,但汶川地震触发的震后次生地质灾害在规模和持续时间上更广泛和持久;(3)水系对地表物质的侵蚀过程因地震驱动的崩滑而被加速。此外,汶川地震的震滑坡量远大于同震岩石隆升增加的山脉体积,未来几十年里,滑坡泥石流等地质灾害将会持续进行。
5·12 Wenchuan Earthquake and 4·20 Lushan Earthquake had caused heavy casualties and property losses,and also induced a large number of secondary geological disasters,such as collapse,landslide and debris flows. Based on the seismic geological background of Longmen mountain,according to the results that have already published and field data,the differences of secondary geological disasters induced by the Wenchuan Earthquake and Lushan Earthqua keare contrasted and analyzed. By discussing the influencing factors of the differences,3 views are obtained:( 1) Although the Lushan Earthquake and the Wenchuan Earthquake have different mechanisms,the Wenchuan Earthquake was one factor that induce the Lushan Earthquake;( 2) Both Wenchuan Earthquake and Lushan Earthquake had triggered a series of secondary geological disasters,but the ones of Wenchuan Earthquake were more extensive and everlasting.( 3) Theerosion process of river on the surface of earth was accelerated by the driving of earthquake. In addition,by the comparation,the coseismic landslide of Wenchuan Earthquake was far more than theincreased volume of mountains caused by coseismic rock uplift. The landslide debris flow and other geological disasters will continue in the coming decades.
引文
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