高含水油田地震油藏描述关键技术
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摘要
针对高含水油田开发后期地震油藏描述的目标尺度小、井网密、资料时间跨度大等特点,提出了以井控处理、井控解释和井震联合反演为核心的油藏描述技术思路,系统开展了地震油藏描述关键技术研究。总结形成了5项关键技术:①地震岩石物理分析,包括面向地震储集层预测的测井资料处理和解释,地震岩石物理建模及其应用,岩性、物性和含油气性敏感因子优选等;②井控地震资料处理,包括井控高分辨率处理和保幅处理及其质控等;③井控精细构造解释,包括井控小断层解释、井控层位追踪和井控构造成图等;④井震联合地震反演,包括确定性反演和随机反演;⑤地震约束油藏建模和数值模拟。尽管高含水油田井网密度大,但仅通过已知井对井间储集层分布进行推断,其结果仍然是不准确的,只有充分发挥密井网资料优势,通过多学科结合才能明显改善地震油藏描述的效果。
Reservoir characterization in mature oil fields with high water cut faces the challenges of small geological bodies,large well density,and data acquisition spreading over long periods.To solve these problems,systematic research on seismic reservoir characterization was carried out,and a technical solution was proposed based on well-controlled seismic data processing,well-controlled seismic data interpretation and well constrained seismic inversion.This technical route includes five suites of key technologies.(1) Rock physics analysis,including seismic reservoir-prediction-oriented well log processing and interpretation,rock physics modeling and its application,selection of parameters sensitive to lithology,physical property and hydrocarbon.(2) Well-controlled seismic data processing,including well-controlled high-resolution data processing,amplitude-preserved data processing and quality control.(3) Well-controlled fine structure interpretation,including well-controlled minor fault interpretation,well-controlled seismic horizon tracing and well-controlled structure mapping.(4) Well-constrained seismic inversion,including deterministic inversion and stochastic inversion.(5) Seismic-constrained reservoir modeling and numerical simulation.Although well density is large in a high water cut oil field,reservoirs between wells cannot be clearly defined by known well data.The effect of seismic reservoir characterization can be improved significantly only by bringing dense well data into full play and by combination of multi-disciplinary.
Reservoir characterization in mature oil fields with high water cut faces the challenges of small geological bodies,large well density,and data acquisition spreading over long periods.To solve these problems,systematic research on seismic reservoir characterization was carried out,and a technical solution was proposed based on well-controlled seismic data processing,well-controlled seismic data interpretation and well constrained seismic inversion.This technical route includes five suites of key technologies.(1) Rock physics analysis,including seismic reservoir-prediction-oriented well log processing and interpretation,rock physics modeling and its application,selection of parameters sensitive to lithology,physical property and hydrocarbon.(2) Well-controlled seismic data processing,including well-controlled high-resolution data processing,amplitude-preserved data processing and quality control.(3) Well-controlled fine structure interpretation,including well-controlled minor fault interpretation,well-controlled seismic horizon tracing and well-controlled structure mapping.(4) Well-constrained seismic inversion,including deterministic inversion and stochastic inversion.(5) Seismic-constrained reservoir modeling and numerical simulation.Although well density is large in a high water cut oil field,reservoirs between wells cannot be clearly defined by known well data.The effect of seismic reservoir characterization can be improved significantly only by bringing dense well data into full play and by combination of multi-disciplinary.
引文
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[9]Nur A,Mavko G,Dvorkin J,et al.Critical porosity:A key to relatingphysical properties to porosity in rocks[C]//65th SEG Annual MeetingExpanded Abstract.Tulsa:SEG,1995.
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[13]Dvorkin J,Nur A.Dynamic poroelasticity:A unified model with thesquirt and the Biot mechanisms[J].Geophysics,1993,58(4):524-533.
[14]degaard E,Avseth P.Well log and seismic data analysis using rockphysics templates[J].First Break,2004,22:37-43.
[15]李凌高,甘利灯,杜文辉,等.面向叠前储层预测和油气检测的岩石物理分析新方法[J].内蒙古石油化工,2008,33(18):116-119.Li Linggao,Gan Lideng,Du Wenhui,et al.A new method of rockphysics analysis for reservoir prediction and hydrocarbon detectionwith prestack seismic data[J].Inner Mongolia Petrochemical,2008,33(18):116-119.
[16]王紫娟,刘德威.VSP与3D地震资料的联合处理[J].石油物探,1995,34(2):16-25.Wang Zijuan,Liu Dewei.VSP-3D seismic data joint processing[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,1995,34(2):16-25.
[17]Tonn R.The determination of the seismic quality factor Q from VSPdata:A comparison of different computational method[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,1991,39(1):1-27.
[18]Jannsen D,Voss J,Theilen F.Comparison of methods to determine Qin shallow marine sediments from vertical reflection seismograms[J].Geophysical Prospecting,1985,33(4):479-497.
[19]王咸彬.井控地震资料处理技术及其在LS地区的应用[J].石油物探,2008,47(4):381-386.Wang Xianbin.Well-control seismic data processing and itsapplication in LS Area[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2008,47(4):381-386.
[20]田树人.用李氏经验公式估算反Q滤波中的Q值[J].石油地球物理勘探,1990,25(3):354-361.Tian Shuren.Prediction of factor Q from Li’s empiric formula[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,1990,25(3):354-361.
[21]凌云,郭向宇,孙祥娥,等.地震勘探中的各向异性影响问题研究[J].石油地球物理勘探,2010,45(4):606-623.Ling Yun,Guo Xiangyu,Sun Xiang’e,et al.Studies on the influenceof anisotropy in seismic exploration[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2010,45(4):606-623.
[22]李阳,刘建民.油藏开发地质学[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2007.Li Yang,Liu Jianmin.Geology for reservoir development[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2007.
[23]徐亮.低序级断层的地震识别技术在惠民凹陷辛34断块中的应用[J].矿物岩石,2007,27(2):86-93.Xu Liang.Application of seismic discrimination technique to the loworder fault in the 34th fault block of the Huimin sag[J].Journal ofMineralogy and Petrology,2007,27(2):86-93.
[24]邓维森,林承焰.葡萄花和敖包塔油田葡I组油层低级序断层的地震识别[J].石油物探,2010,49(1):79-84.Deng Weisen,Lin Chengyan.Seismic identification of low-levelfaults in Pu I reservoir of Putaohua and Aobaota Oilfields[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2010,49(1):79-84.
[25]Dorigo M,Maniezzo V,Colorni A.Positive feedback as a searchstrategy[R].Milan:Milan Politecnico di Milano,1991.
[26]陆文凯,张善文,肖焕钦.用于断层检测的图像去模糊技术[J].石油地球物理勘探,2004,39(6):686-689,696.Lu Wenkai,Zhang Shanwen,Xiao Huanqin.Smear-eliminatedtechnique of image used for fault detection[J].Oil GeophysicalProspecting,2004,39(6):686-689,696.
[27]高静怀,陈文超,李幼铭,等.广义S变换与薄互层地震响应分析[J].地球物理学报,2003,46(4):526-532.Gao Jinghuai,Chen Wenchao,Li Youming,et al.Generalized Stransform and seismic response analysis of thin interbeds[J].ChineseJournal of Geophysics,2003,46(4):526-532.
[28]马丽娟,金之钧.复杂断块构造的精细解释[J].石油地球物理勘探,2005,40(6):688-692.Ma Lijuan,Jin Zhijun.Accurate interpretation of complicatedfault-block[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2005,40(6):688-692.
[29]陆文凯,丁文龙,张善文,等.基于信号子空间分解的三维地震资料高分辨率处理方法[J].地球物理学报,2005,48(4):896-901.Lu Wenkai,Ding Wenlong,Zhang Shanwen,et al.A high-resolutionprocessing technique for 3-D seismic[J].Chinese Journal ofGeophysics,2005,48(4):896-901.
[30]刘文岭,朱庆荣,戴晓峰.具有外部漂移的克里金方法在绘制构造图中的应用[J].石油物探,2004,43(4):404-406.Liu Wenling,Zhu Qingrong,Dai Xiaofeng.Application ofKriging-with-an-external-drift in structure mapping[J].GeophysicalProspecting for Petroleum,2004,43(4):404-406.
[31]Debeye H W J,Ripel P.Lp-Norm deconvolution[J].GeophysicalProspecting,1990,38(4):381-403.
[32]Brian H R,Daniel P H.A comparison of poststack seismic inversionmethods[C]//61th SEG Annual Meeting Expanded Abstracts.Tulsa:SEG,1991.
[33]Tarantola A.Inverse problem theory:Methods for data fitting andmodel parameter estimation[M].Amsterdam:Elsevier,1987.
[34]胡水清,韩大匡,夏吉庄.高含水期地震约束储层地质建模技术[J].石油与天然气地质,2008,29(1):128-134.Hu Shuiqing,Han Dakuang,Xia Jizhuang.Research on techniques ofreservoir geologic modeling constrained by seismic data at highwater-cut stage[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2008,29(1):128-134.
[35]夏吉庄,杨宏伟,吕德灵,等.永3复杂断块油藏多尺度地球物理资料流体预测研究[J].石油物探,2010,49(4):336-343.Xia Jizhuang,Yang Hongwei,LüDeling,et al.Study of fluidprediction based on multi-scale geophysical data of Yong-3complicated faulted reservoir[J].Geophysical Prospecting forPetroleum,2010,49(4):336-343.
[2]韩大匡.准确预测剩余油相对富集区提高油田注水采收率研究[J].石油学报,2007,28(2):73-78.Han Dakuang.Precisely predicting abundant remaining oil andimproving the secondary recovery of mature oilfields[J].ActaPetrolei Sinica,2007,28(2):73-78.
[3]韩大匡.关于高含水油田二次开发理念、对策和技术路线的探讨[J].石油勘探与开发,2010,37(5):583-591.Han Dakuang.Discussions on concepts,countermeasures andtechnical routes for the redevelopment of high water-cut oilfields[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2010,37(5):583-591.
[4]徐安娜,穆龙新,裘怿楠.我国不同沉积类型储集层中的储量和可动剩余油分布规律[J].石油勘探与开发,1998,25(5):41-44.Xu Anna,Mu Longxin,Qiu Yi’nan,et al.Distribution pattern ofOOIP and remaining mobile oil in different types of sedimentaryreservoir of China[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,1998,25(5):41-44.
[5]Mavko G,Mukerji T,Dvorkin J.The rock physics handbook-tools forseismic analysis in porous media[M].London:Cambridge UniversityPress,1998.
[6]Dvorkin J,Berryman J G,Nur A.Elastic moduli of cemented spherepacks[J].Mechanics of Materials,1999,31(7):461-469.
[7]Krief M,Garat J,Stelling W,et al.A petrophysical interpretationusing the velocities of P and S waves(full-waveform sonic)[J].TheLog Analyst,1990,31(6a2):15-20.
[8]Murphy C A,Reischer A,Hsu K.Modulus decomposition ofcompressional and shear velocities in sand bodies[J].Geophysics,1993,58(2):227-239.
[9]Nur A,Mavko G,Dvorkin J,et al.Critical porosity:A key to relatingphysical properties to porosity in rocks[C]//65th SEG Annual MeetingExpanded Abstract.Tulsa:SEG,1995.
[10]Batzle M,Wang Z.Seismic properties of pore fluids[J].Geophysics,1992,57:1396-1408.
[11]Biot M A.Theory of propagation of elastic waves in a fluid-saturatedporous solid(I):low-frequency range[J].Journal of the AcousticalSociety of America,1956,28(2):168-178.
[12]Biot M A.Theory of propagation of elastic waves in a fluid-saturatedporous solid(II):Higher frequency range[J].Journal of the AcousticalSociety of America,1956,28(2):179-191.
[13]Dvorkin J,Nur A.Dynamic poroelasticity:A unified model with thesquirt and the Biot mechanisms[J].Geophysics,1993,58(4):524-533.
[14]degaard E,Avseth P.Well log and seismic data analysis using rockphysics templates[J].First Break,2004,22:37-43.
[15]李凌高,甘利灯,杜文辉,等.面向叠前储层预测和油气检测的岩石物理分析新方法[J].内蒙古石油化工,2008,33(18):116-119.Li Linggao,Gan Lideng,Du Wenhui,et al.A new method of rockphysics analysis for reservoir prediction and hydrocarbon detectionwith prestack seismic data[J].Inner Mongolia Petrochemical,2008,33(18):116-119.
[16]王紫娟,刘德威.VSP与3D地震资料的联合处理[J].石油物探,1995,34(2):16-25.Wang Zijuan,Liu Dewei.VSP-3D seismic data joint processing[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,1995,34(2):16-25.
[17]Tonn R.The determination of the seismic quality factor Q from VSPdata:A comparison of different computational method[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,1991,39(1):1-27.
[18]Jannsen D,Voss J,Theilen F.Comparison of methods to determine Qin shallow marine sediments from vertical reflection seismograms[J].Geophysical Prospecting,1985,33(4):479-497.
[19]王咸彬.井控地震资料处理技术及其在LS地区的应用[J].石油物探,2008,47(4):381-386.Wang Xianbin.Well-control seismic data processing and itsapplication in LS Area[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2008,47(4):381-386.
[20]田树人.用李氏经验公式估算反Q滤波中的Q值[J].石油地球物理勘探,1990,25(3):354-361.Tian Shuren.Prediction of factor Q from Li’s empiric formula[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,1990,25(3):354-361.
[21]凌云,郭向宇,孙祥娥,等.地震勘探中的各向异性影响问题研究[J].石油地球物理勘探,2010,45(4):606-623.Ling Yun,Guo Xiangyu,Sun Xiang’e,et al.Studies on the influenceof anisotropy in seismic exploration[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2010,45(4):606-623.
[22]李阳,刘建民.油藏开发地质学[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2007.Li Yang,Liu Jianmin.Geology for reservoir development[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2007.
[23]徐亮.低序级断层的地震识别技术在惠民凹陷辛34断块中的应用[J].矿物岩石,2007,27(2):86-93.Xu Liang.Application of seismic discrimination technique to the loworder fault in the 34th fault block of the Huimin sag[J].Journal ofMineralogy and Petrology,2007,27(2):86-93.
[24]邓维森,林承焰.葡萄花和敖包塔油田葡I组油层低级序断层的地震识别[J].石油物探,2010,49(1):79-84.Deng Weisen,Lin Chengyan.Seismic identification of low-levelfaults in Pu I reservoir of Putaohua and Aobaota Oilfields[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2010,49(1):79-84.
[25]Dorigo M,Maniezzo V,Colorni A.Positive feedback as a searchstrategy[R].Milan:Milan Politecnico di Milano,1991.
[26]陆文凯,张善文,肖焕钦.用于断层检测的图像去模糊技术[J].石油地球物理勘探,2004,39(6):686-689,696.Lu Wenkai,Zhang Shanwen,Xiao Huanqin.Smear-eliminatedtechnique of image used for fault detection[J].Oil GeophysicalProspecting,2004,39(6):686-689,696.
[27]高静怀,陈文超,李幼铭,等.广义S变换与薄互层地震响应分析[J].地球物理学报,2003,46(4):526-532.Gao Jinghuai,Chen Wenchao,Li Youming,et al.Generalized Stransform and seismic response analysis of thin interbeds[J].ChineseJournal of Geophysics,2003,46(4):526-532.
[28]马丽娟,金之钧.复杂断块构造的精细解释[J].石油地球物理勘探,2005,40(6):688-692.Ma Lijuan,Jin Zhijun.Accurate interpretation of complicatedfault-block[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2005,40(6):688-692.
[29]陆文凯,丁文龙,张善文,等.基于信号子空间分解的三维地震资料高分辨率处理方法[J].地球物理学报,2005,48(4):896-901.Lu Wenkai,Ding Wenlong,Zhang Shanwen,et al.A high-resolutionprocessing technique for 3-D seismic[J].Chinese Journal ofGeophysics,2005,48(4):896-901.
[30]刘文岭,朱庆荣,戴晓峰.具有外部漂移的克里金方法在绘制构造图中的应用[J].石油物探,2004,43(4):404-406.Liu Wenling,Zhu Qingrong,Dai Xiaofeng.Application ofKriging-with-an-external-drift in structure mapping[J].GeophysicalProspecting for Petroleum,2004,43(4):404-406.
[31]Debeye H W J,Ripel P.Lp-Norm deconvolution[J].GeophysicalProspecting,1990,38(4):381-403.
[32]Brian H R,Daniel P H.A comparison of poststack seismic inversionmethods[C]//61th SEG Annual Meeting Expanded Abstracts.Tulsa:SEG,1991.
[33]Tarantola A.Inverse problem theory:Methods for data fitting andmodel parameter estimation[M].Amsterdam:Elsevier,1987.
[34]胡水清,韩大匡,夏吉庄.高含水期地震约束储层地质建模技术[J].石油与天然气地质,2008,29(1):128-134.Hu Shuiqing,Han Dakuang,Xia Jizhuang.Research on techniques ofreservoir geologic modeling constrained by seismic data at highwater-cut stage[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2008,29(1):128-134.
[35]夏吉庄,杨宏伟,吕德灵,等.永3复杂断块油藏多尺度地球物理资料流体预测研究[J].石油物探,2010,49(4):336-343.Xia Jizhuang,Yang Hongwei,LüDeling,et al.Study of fluidprediction based on multi-scale geophysical data of Yong-3complicated faulted reservoir[J].Geophysical Prospecting forPetroleum,2010,49(4):336-343.
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