南海西北部晚第四纪典型地震相—沉积相特征
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摘要
南海西北部地形变化大,水深由近岸几十米变化至深海盆区的3 500m,跨越了陆架、陆坡、深海盆、岛礁等地貌单元。南海西北部也是深水油气的重要勘探地区。利用高分辨率单道地震资料,采用地震相分析方法,对研究区晚第四纪典型地震相—沉积相分布特征开展深入分析。研究区内的主要地震相包括:①席状、亚平行、强振幅、低连续、中频地震相;②披盖状、波状、中振幅、中—低连续、中低频地震相;③披盖状、平行—亚平行、中—弱振幅、中连续、中—低频地震相;④披盖状、平行、强振幅、高连续、中—高频地震相;⑤席状、平行、中—弱振幅、高连续、中—低频地震相;⑥披盖状、波状、弱振幅、低连续、低频地震相;⑦前积相;⑧下切充填地震相;⑨杂乱地震相;⑩条带状、波状、中—弱振幅、中—低连续、低频地震相;瑏瑡披盖状、平行、强振幅、高频、高连续地震相共11种。对地震相—沉积相及其分布特征的分析结果认为,区内晚第四纪主要发育有三角洲相、河道相、滨浅海相、浅海相、半深海相、深海相、滑塌相、斜坡相、浊流相、生物礁相等沉积相,其分布主要受海底地形地貌、构造运动等多种因素所控制。
The water depth of the northwestrn South China Sea varies from tens of meters at the near shore area up to 3500m in the deep sea basin.Geomorphologically,the study area includes shelf,slope,oceanic basin and reefs,and the sedimentary environments are quite complicated.Detailed analysis of the seismic and sedimentary faices of the Late Quaternary in the study area have been carried out base on thousands of kilometers of high resolution single-channel seismic profiles.There are a total of 11 types of seismic facies distributed including the delta,paleo-river,erosional channel by turbidity current,offshore deposit,shallow sea deposit,hemipelagic deposit,pelagic deposit,slide body,deep slope deposit and carbonate platform.Further research shows that the distribution of different sedimentary facies is controlled by the bathymetry,geomorphology,and tectonic movement in the study area.
The water depth of the northwestrn South China Sea varies from tens of meters at the near shore area up to 3500m in the deep sea basin.Geomorphologically,the study area includes shelf,slope,oceanic basin and reefs,and the sedimentary environments are quite complicated.Detailed analysis of the seismic and sedimentary faices of the Late Quaternary in the study area have been carried out base on thousands of kilometers of high resolution single-channel seismic profiles.There are a total of 11 types of seismic facies distributed including the delta,paleo-river,erosional channel by turbidity current,offshore deposit,shallow sea deposit,hemipelagic deposit,pelagic deposit,slide body,deep slope deposit and carbonate platform.Further research shows that the distribution of different sedimentary facies is controlled by the bathymetry,geomorphology,and tectonic movement in the study area.
引文
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[2]冯文科,黎维峰,石要红.南海北部海底沙波地貌动态研究[J].海洋学报,1994,16(6):92-99.
[3]Xie X N,Müller R D,Ren J Y,et al.Stratigraphic architecture and evolution of the continental slope system in offshore Hainan,northern South China Sea[J].Marine Geology,2008(247):129-144.
[4]鲍才旺.南海地形图[C]∥南海地质地球物理图集.广州:广东地图出版社,1987.
[5]姚伯初,曾维军,Hayes D E,等.中美合作调查南海地质专报[M].武汉:中国地质大学出版社,1994:34-140.
[6]刘方兰,吴庐山.西沙海槽海域地形地貌特征及成因[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2006,26(3):7-14.
[7]李丽青,陈泓君,彭学超,等.海洋区域地质调查中的高分辨率单道地震资料关键处理技术[J].物探与化探,2011,35(1):86-92.
[8]吕明.莺—琼盆地低位沉积模式的新探讨[J].中国海上油气(地质),2002,16(4):221-230.
[9]刘昭蜀,赵焕庭,范时清,等.南海地质[M].北京:科学出版社,2002:70-189.
[10]冯文科,黎维峰,石要红.南海北部海底沙波地貌动态研究[J].海洋学报,1994,16(6):92-99.
[11]陈泓君,黄磊,彭学超,等.南海西北陆坡天然气水合物调查区滑坡带特征及成因探讨[J].热带海洋学报,2012,31(5):18-25.
[12]陈泓君,蔡观强,罗伟东,等.南海北部陆坡神狐海域峡谷地貌形态特征与成因[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2012,32(5):19-26.
[13]黎昌.西沙、中沙群岛的形成与演化[C]∥中国科学院南海海洋研究所编.南海海洋科学集刊,第七集.北京:科学出版社,1986:87-102.
[14]魏喜,贾承造,孟卫工,等.西琛一井碳酸盐岩的矿物成分、地化特征及底座意义[J].岩石学报,2007,23(11):3 015-3 025.
[15]Ma Y B,Wu S G,lIiang L F,et al.Seismic characteristics and development of the Xisha carbonate platforms,northern margin of the South China Sea[J].Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,2011(40):770-783.
[16]陈芳,李学杰,刘坚,等.南海西部深海平原SA14-34岩心浊流沉积特征[J].南海地质研究,2007:31-39.
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