陆相坳陷型盆地地震沉积学研究规范
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摘要
总结近年来中国陆相地震沉积学研究经验,结合松辽盆地齐家地区研究实例,探讨陆相坳陷型盆地地震沉积学研究规范。地震沉积学所用基础资料包括三维叠后数据体、周边二维区域地震测线和地质背景资料以及工区钻井、测井资料。工作流程强调地震、地质资料综合解释以及地震沉积学分析、层序地层学分析和地震地层学分析的相互配合。工作流程包括井震对比建立层序地层格架、子波相位调整、追踪等时标志层、地震分辨率分析、岩石物理关系分析、地震参数筛选、地层切片处理、地震沉积相分析以及综合评价等基本步骤。要求的成果图件则包括联井基干地震剖面、层拉平相对地质时间剖面、地层切片、沉积相图等十余种。这些步骤在松辽盆地齐家地区白垩系青山口组的实例研究中得到了充分体现,其研究思路、分析资料和成果图件可作为在其他陆相盆地,尤其是坳陷型盆地进行地震沉积学研究的参照。
This study summarizes the research experiences of non-marine seismic sedimentology in recent years in China and uses Qijia area,Songliao Basin,as a template to establish general guidelines for seismic sedimentology.Basic data sets include stacked 3D seismic volumes,2D regional seismic lines,data for regional geologic settings,and well data.The workflow emphasizes the integration of seismic and geologic interpretations and balanced use of seismic sedimentology,sequence stratigraphy and seismic stratigraphy.Basic steps include well-to-seismic tie for the establishment of sequence framework,wavelet-phase adjustment,picking of geologic-time parallel seismic events,seismic resolution analysis,petrophysical analysis,selection of seismic attributes,stratal slicing,seismic depositional facies analysis,and applications to exploration and development.Expected maps range from key interpreted well-seismic sections,flattened relative geologic-time sections,stratal slices,and depositional facies maps,etc.The workflow is applied in the study of the Cretaceous Qingshankou Formation in the Qijia area,Songliao Basin,which can be used as a reference for seismic sedimentologic study in non-marine basins,especially in postrift depression-type basins in China.
This study summarizes the research experiences of non-marine seismic sedimentology in recent years in China and uses Qijia area,Songliao Basin,as a template to establish general guidelines for seismic sedimentology.Basic data sets include stacked 3D seismic volumes,2D regional seismic lines,data for regional geologic settings,and well data.The workflow emphasizes the integration of seismic and geologic interpretations and balanced use of seismic sedimentology,sequence stratigraphy and seismic stratigraphy.Basic steps include well-to-seismic tie for the establishment of sequence framework,wavelet-phase adjustment,picking of geologic-time parallel seismic events,seismic resolution analysis,petrophysical analysis,selection of seismic attributes,stratal slicing,seismic depositional facies analysis,and applications to exploration and development.Expected maps range from key interpreted well-seismic sections,flattened relative geologic-time sections,stratal slices,and depositional facies maps,etc.The workflow is applied in the study of the Cretaceous Qingshankou Formation in the Qijia area,Songliao Basin,which can be used as a reference for seismic sedimentologic study in non-marine basins,especially in postrift depression-type basins in China.
引文
[1]Zeng Hongliu,Backus M M,Barrow K T,et al.Stratal slicing,Part I:Realistic 3-D seismic model[J].Geophysics,1998,63(2):502-513.
[2]Zeng Hongliu,Henry S C,Riola J P.Stratal slicing,Part II:Realseismic data[J].Geophysics,1998,63(2):514-522.
[3]Zeng Hongliu,Hentz T F.High-frequency sequence stratigraphyfrom seismic sedimentology:Applied to Miocene,Vermilion Block50,Tiger Shoal area,offshore Louisiana[J].AAPG Bulletin,2004,88(2):153-174.
[4]曾洪流.地震沉积学在中国:回顾和展望[J].沉积学报,2011,29(3):61-70.Zeng Hongliu.Seismic sedimentology in China:A review[J].ActaSedimentologica Sinica,2011,29(3):61-70.
[5]董春梅,张宪国,林承焰.有关地震沉积学若干问题的探讨[J].石油地球物理勘探,2006,41(4):405-409.Dong Chunmei,Zhang Xianguo,Lin Chengyan.Discussions onseveral issues about seismic sedimentology[J].Oil GeophysicalProspecting,2006,41(4):405-409.
[6]张宪国,林承焰,张涛,等.大港滩海地区地震沉积学研究[J].石油勘探与开发,2011,38(1):40-46.Zhang Xianguo,Lin Chengyan,Zhang Tao,et al.Seismicsedimentologic research in shallow sea areas,Dagang[J].PetroleumExploration and Development,2011,38(1):40-46.
[7]林承焰,张宪国,董春梅.地震沉积学及其初步应用[J].石油学报,2007,28(2):69-71.Lin Chengyan,Zhang Xianguo,Dong Chunmei.Concepts of seismicsedimentology and its preliminary applications[J].Acta PetroleiSinica,2007,28(2):69-71.
[8]张军华,周振晓,谭明友,等.地震切片解释中的几个理论问题[J].石油地球物理勘探,2007,42(3):348-352,361.Zhang Junhua,Zhou Zhenxiao,Tan Mingyou,et al.Discussions onseveral issues in seismic slice interpretation[J].Oil GeophysicalProspecting,2007,42(3):348-352,361.
[9]董艳蕾,朱筱敏,曾洪流,等.黄骅坳陷歧南凹陷古近系沙一层序地震沉积学研究[J].沉积学报,2008,26(2):234-240.Dong Yanlei,Zhu Xiaomin,Zeng Hongliu,et al.Seismicsedimentologic study of Tertiary Sha-1 sequence,Qi’nan Sag,Huanghua Depression[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2008,26(2):234-240.
[10]魏嘉,朱文斌,朱海龙,等.地震沉积学:地震解释的新思路及沉积研究的新工具[J].勘探地球物理进展,2008,31(2):95-101.Wei Jia,Zhu Wenbin,Zhu Hailong,et al.New methodologies forseismic interpretation and new tools for sedimentological study[J].Progress in Exploration Geophysics,2008,31(2):95-101.
[11]王正和,蒋能春,吕其彪.地震沉积学的概念、方法和应用[J].江汉石油科技,2008,18(2):7-11.Wang Zhenghe,Jiang Nengchun,LüQibiao.Concepts,methodologies,and applications of seismic sedimentology[J].Jianghan Petroleum Science and Technology,2008,18(2):7-11.
[12]郭海洋,巫芙蓉.地震沉积学在GA地区的初步应用[J].物探化探技术,2008,30(5):102-105.Guo Haiyang,Wu Furong.Preliminary application of seismicsedimentology in GA area[J].Geophysical and GeochemicalExploration,2008,30(5):102-105.
[13]张义娜,朱筱敏,刘长利.地震沉积学及其在中亚南部地区的应用[J].石油勘探与开发,2009,36(1):74-79.Zhang Yi’na,Zhu Xiaomin,Liu Changli.Seismic sedimentology andits application in south area of central Asia[J].Petroleum Explorationand Development,2009,36(1):74-79.
[14]刘喜武,宁俊瑞,刘培体,等.地震时频分析与分频解释及频谱分解技术在地震沉积学与储层成像中的应用[J].地球物理学进展,2009,24(5):1679-1688.Liu Xiwu,Ning Junrui,Liu Peiti,et al.Application oftime-frequency analysis,frequency-dependent interpretation,andspectral decomposition in seismic sedimentology and reservoirimaging[J].Progress in Geophysics,2009,24(5):1679-1688.
[15]朱筱敏,刘长利,张义娜,等.地震沉积学在陆相湖盆三角洲砂体预测中的应用[J].沉积学报,2009,27(5):915-921.Zhu Xiaomin,Liu Changli,Zhang Yi’na,et al.Application of seismicsedimentology in prediction of non-marine lacustrine deltaic sandbodies[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2009,27(5):915-921.
[16]林正良,王华,李红敬,等.地震沉积学研究现状及进展综述[J].地质科技情报,2009,28(5):131-137.Lin Zhengliang,Wang Hua,Li Hongjing,et al.Overview of statusand progress of seismic sedimentologic research[J].GeologicalScience and Technology Information,2009,28(5):131-137.
[17]李斌,宋岩,何玉萍,等.地震沉积学探讨及应用[J].地质学报,2009,83(6):820-826.Li Bin,Song Yan,He Yuping,et al.Discussion and application ofseismic sedimentology[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2009,83(6):820-826.
[18]孙海雷,吴海波,王雅峰,等.英台—大安地区姚二三段地震沉积学研究[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2010,29(3):32-36.Sun Hailei,Wu Haibo,Wang Yafeng,et al.Study of seismicsedimentology in Yao-2 and Yao-3 members,Yingtai-Da’an area[J].Petroleum Geology&Oilfield Development in Daqing,2010,29(3):32-36.
[19]陈雪菲,王绪本,刘力辉.地震沉积学在D区的初步应用[J].物探化探计算技术,2010,32(5):126-131.Chen Xuefei,Wang Xuben,Liu Lihui.Preliminary application ofseismic sedimentology in D area[J].Geophysical and GeochemicalExploration,2010,32(5):126-131.
[20]李全,林畅松,吴伟,等.地震沉积学方法在确定沉积相边界方面的应用[J].西南石油大学学报:自然科学版,2010,32(4):50-55.Li Quan,Lin Changsong,Wu Wei,et al.Application of seismicsedimentology in determining depositional facies boundaries[J].Journal of Southwest Petroleum University:Science&TechnologyEdition,2010,32(4):50-55.
[21]Zhao W Z,Zou C N,Chi Y L,et al.Sequence stratigraphy,seismicsedimentology,and litho-stratigraphic plays:Upper Cretaceous,Sifangtuozi Area,Southwest Songliao Basin,China[J].AAPGBulletin,2011,95(2):241-265.
[22]Posamentier H W.Ancient shelf ridges,a potentially significantcomponent of the transgressive systems tract:Case study fromoffshore northwest Java[J].AAPG Bulletin,2002,86(1):75-106.
[23]Kolla V,Bourges P,Urruty J M,et al.Evolution of deep-water Tertiarysinuous channels offshore Angola(west Africa)and implications forreservoir architecture[J].AAPG Bulletin,2001,85:1373-1405.
[24]Zeng Hongliu,Backus M M.Interpretive advantages of 90°phasewavelets:Part 1:Modeling[J].Geophysics,2005,70(3):7-15.
[25]Zeng Hongliu,Backus M M.Interpretive advantages of 90°phasewavelets:Part 2:Seismic applications[J].Geophysics,2005,70(3):17-24.
[26]Zeng Hongliu,Posamentier H W,Miall A D,et al.地震沉积学[M].朱筱敏,曾洪流,董艳蕾,等,译.北京:石油工业出版社,2011.Zeng Hongliu,Posamentier H W,Miall A D,et al.Seismicsedimentology[M].Zhu Xiaomin,Zeng Hongliu,Dong Yanglei,et al,Trans.Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2011.
[27]Yang W L.Daqing oilfield,People’s Republic of China,a giant fieldwith non-marine origin[J].AAPG Bulletin,1985,69:1101-1111.
[28]Feng Z Q,Jia C Z,Xie X N,et al.Tectonostratigraphic units andstratigraphic sequences of the nonmarine Songliao basin,northeastChina[J].Basin Research,2010,22:79-95.
[29]Zeng H,Zhu X,Zhu R,et al.Ultra-thin,lacustrine sandstonesimaged on stratal slices in the Cretaceous Qijia Depression,SongliaoBasin,China[R].Tulsa:81st Annual International Meeting,SEG,2011:951-955.
[2]Zeng Hongliu,Henry S C,Riola J P.Stratal slicing,Part II:Realseismic data[J].Geophysics,1998,63(2):514-522.
[3]Zeng Hongliu,Hentz T F.High-frequency sequence stratigraphyfrom seismic sedimentology:Applied to Miocene,Vermilion Block50,Tiger Shoal area,offshore Louisiana[J].AAPG Bulletin,2004,88(2):153-174.
[4]曾洪流.地震沉积学在中国:回顾和展望[J].沉积学报,2011,29(3):61-70.Zeng Hongliu.Seismic sedimentology in China:A review[J].ActaSedimentologica Sinica,2011,29(3):61-70.
[5]董春梅,张宪国,林承焰.有关地震沉积学若干问题的探讨[J].石油地球物理勘探,2006,41(4):405-409.Dong Chunmei,Zhang Xianguo,Lin Chengyan.Discussions onseveral issues about seismic sedimentology[J].Oil GeophysicalProspecting,2006,41(4):405-409.
[6]张宪国,林承焰,张涛,等.大港滩海地区地震沉积学研究[J].石油勘探与开发,2011,38(1):40-46.Zhang Xianguo,Lin Chengyan,Zhang Tao,et al.Seismicsedimentologic research in shallow sea areas,Dagang[J].PetroleumExploration and Development,2011,38(1):40-46.
[7]林承焰,张宪国,董春梅.地震沉积学及其初步应用[J].石油学报,2007,28(2):69-71.Lin Chengyan,Zhang Xianguo,Dong Chunmei.Concepts of seismicsedimentology and its preliminary applications[J].Acta PetroleiSinica,2007,28(2):69-71.
[8]张军华,周振晓,谭明友,等.地震切片解释中的几个理论问题[J].石油地球物理勘探,2007,42(3):348-352,361.Zhang Junhua,Zhou Zhenxiao,Tan Mingyou,et al.Discussions onseveral issues in seismic slice interpretation[J].Oil GeophysicalProspecting,2007,42(3):348-352,361.
[9]董艳蕾,朱筱敏,曾洪流,等.黄骅坳陷歧南凹陷古近系沙一层序地震沉积学研究[J].沉积学报,2008,26(2):234-240.Dong Yanlei,Zhu Xiaomin,Zeng Hongliu,et al.Seismicsedimentologic study of Tertiary Sha-1 sequence,Qi’nan Sag,Huanghua Depression[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2008,26(2):234-240.
[10]魏嘉,朱文斌,朱海龙,等.地震沉积学:地震解释的新思路及沉积研究的新工具[J].勘探地球物理进展,2008,31(2):95-101.Wei Jia,Zhu Wenbin,Zhu Hailong,et al.New methodologies forseismic interpretation and new tools for sedimentological study[J].Progress in Exploration Geophysics,2008,31(2):95-101.
[11]王正和,蒋能春,吕其彪.地震沉积学的概念、方法和应用[J].江汉石油科技,2008,18(2):7-11.Wang Zhenghe,Jiang Nengchun,LüQibiao.Concepts,methodologies,and applications of seismic sedimentology[J].Jianghan Petroleum Science and Technology,2008,18(2):7-11.
[12]郭海洋,巫芙蓉.地震沉积学在GA地区的初步应用[J].物探化探技术,2008,30(5):102-105.Guo Haiyang,Wu Furong.Preliminary application of seismicsedimentology in GA area[J].Geophysical and GeochemicalExploration,2008,30(5):102-105.
[13]张义娜,朱筱敏,刘长利.地震沉积学及其在中亚南部地区的应用[J].石油勘探与开发,2009,36(1):74-79.Zhang Yi’na,Zhu Xiaomin,Liu Changli.Seismic sedimentology andits application in south area of central Asia[J].Petroleum Explorationand Development,2009,36(1):74-79.
[14]刘喜武,宁俊瑞,刘培体,等.地震时频分析与分频解释及频谱分解技术在地震沉积学与储层成像中的应用[J].地球物理学进展,2009,24(5):1679-1688.Liu Xiwu,Ning Junrui,Liu Peiti,et al.Application oftime-frequency analysis,frequency-dependent interpretation,andspectral decomposition in seismic sedimentology and reservoirimaging[J].Progress in Geophysics,2009,24(5):1679-1688.
[15]朱筱敏,刘长利,张义娜,等.地震沉积学在陆相湖盆三角洲砂体预测中的应用[J].沉积学报,2009,27(5):915-921.Zhu Xiaomin,Liu Changli,Zhang Yi’na,et al.Application of seismicsedimentology in prediction of non-marine lacustrine deltaic sandbodies[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2009,27(5):915-921.
[16]林正良,王华,李红敬,等.地震沉积学研究现状及进展综述[J].地质科技情报,2009,28(5):131-137.Lin Zhengliang,Wang Hua,Li Hongjing,et al.Overview of statusand progress of seismic sedimentologic research[J].GeologicalScience and Technology Information,2009,28(5):131-137.
[17]李斌,宋岩,何玉萍,等.地震沉积学探讨及应用[J].地质学报,2009,83(6):820-826.Li Bin,Song Yan,He Yuping,et al.Discussion and application ofseismic sedimentology[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2009,83(6):820-826.
[18]孙海雷,吴海波,王雅峰,等.英台—大安地区姚二三段地震沉积学研究[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2010,29(3):32-36.Sun Hailei,Wu Haibo,Wang Yafeng,et al.Study of seismicsedimentology in Yao-2 and Yao-3 members,Yingtai-Da’an area[J].Petroleum Geology&Oilfield Development in Daqing,2010,29(3):32-36.
[19]陈雪菲,王绪本,刘力辉.地震沉积学在D区的初步应用[J].物探化探计算技术,2010,32(5):126-131.Chen Xuefei,Wang Xuben,Liu Lihui.Preliminary application ofseismic sedimentology in D area[J].Geophysical and GeochemicalExploration,2010,32(5):126-131.
[20]李全,林畅松,吴伟,等.地震沉积学方法在确定沉积相边界方面的应用[J].西南石油大学学报:自然科学版,2010,32(4):50-55.Li Quan,Lin Changsong,Wu Wei,et al.Application of seismicsedimentology in determining depositional facies boundaries[J].Journal of Southwest Petroleum University:Science&TechnologyEdition,2010,32(4):50-55.
[21]Zhao W Z,Zou C N,Chi Y L,et al.Sequence stratigraphy,seismicsedimentology,and litho-stratigraphic plays:Upper Cretaceous,Sifangtuozi Area,Southwest Songliao Basin,China[J].AAPGBulletin,2011,95(2):241-265.
[22]Posamentier H W.Ancient shelf ridges,a potentially significantcomponent of the transgressive systems tract:Case study fromoffshore northwest Java[J].AAPG Bulletin,2002,86(1):75-106.
[23]Kolla V,Bourges P,Urruty J M,et al.Evolution of deep-water Tertiarysinuous channels offshore Angola(west Africa)and implications forreservoir architecture[J].AAPG Bulletin,2001,85:1373-1405.
[24]Zeng Hongliu,Backus M M.Interpretive advantages of 90°phasewavelets:Part 1:Modeling[J].Geophysics,2005,70(3):7-15.
[25]Zeng Hongliu,Backus M M.Interpretive advantages of 90°phasewavelets:Part 2:Seismic applications[J].Geophysics,2005,70(3):17-24.
[26]Zeng Hongliu,Posamentier H W,Miall A D,et al.地震沉积学[M].朱筱敏,曾洪流,董艳蕾,等,译.北京:石油工业出版社,2011.Zeng Hongliu,Posamentier H W,Miall A D,et al.Seismicsedimentology[M].Zhu Xiaomin,Zeng Hongliu,Dong Yanglei,et al,Trans.Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2011.
[27]Yang W L.Daqing oilfield,People’s Republic of China,a giant fieldwith non-marine origin[J].AAPG Bulletin,1985,69:1101-1111.
[28]Feng Z Q,Jia C Z,Xie X N,et al.Tectonostratigraphic units andstratigraphic sequences of the nonmarine Songliao basin,northeastChina[J].Basin Research,2010,22:79-95.
[29]Zeng H,Zhu X,Zhu R,et al.Ultra-thin,lacustrine sandstonesimaged on stratal slices in the Cretaceous Qijia Depression,SongliaoBasin,China[R].Tulsa:81st Annual International Meeting,SEG,2011:951-955.
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