地震立体层析成像的实现方法及效果分析
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摘要
立体层析成像是一种新的地震反射波层析成像方法,能为叠前深度偏移提供较为精确的宏观速度模型。本文研究了立体层析成像的实现方法,包括斜率与走时数据的拾取、离散速度模型构建和初始化、射线参数的确定、斜率和走时及射线计算以及反演问题解法等,建立立体层析成像的算法流程。并通过对Marmousi模型试验,对立体层析成像运行所需的主要参数,如初始速度模型、拾取数据量、离散网格尺寸、速度平滑权重等进行测试和分析,总结这些不同参数对立体层析反演结果的影响规律,用以指导生产实践。
Stereotomography is a new reflection tomography method based on the slopes of locally coherent seismic events. It can provide accurate velocity macromodels for prestack depth migration. We study the implementation methods for picking travel times and slopes using hyperbolic stack in common midpoint gather and common offset gather, representing the discrete velocity model using B-spline function, tracing rays with the numerical solution of ray equation, calculating picked data based ray theory, determining ray parameters, solving the inverse problem, etc., and then provide the algorithm flow of stereotomography. Based on the experiments with Marmousi model, we test and analyze the main factors of stereotomography like the initial velocity model, the amount of picked data, discrete grid scale, smoothing weight for velocity model, and summarize their influences on the results of stereotomography.
Stereotomography is a new reflection tomography method based on the slopes of locally coherent seismic events. It can provide accurate velocity macromodels for prestack depth migration. We study the implementation methods for picking travel times and slopes using hyperbolic stack in common midpoint gather and common offset gather, representing the discrete velocity model using B-spline function, tracing rays with the numerical solution of ray equation, calculating picked data based ray theory, determining ray parameters, solving the inverse problem, etc., and then provide the algorithm flow of stereotomography. Based on the experiments with Marmousi model, we test and analyze the main factors of stereotomography like the initial velocity model, the amount of picked data, discrete grid scale, smoothing weight for velocity model, and summarize their influences on the results of stereotomography.
引文
[1]杨长春,刘兴材,李幼铭,等.地震叠前深度偏移方法流程及应用[J].地球物理学报,1996,39(3):409-415.Yang CC,Liu XC,Li YM,et al.A methodology for seismic prestack depth migration[J].ChineseJournal Geophysics,1996,39(3):409-415.
[2]王小卫,刘文卿,徐兴荣,等.偏移速度建模与成像技术[J].天然气工业,2010,30(2):52-54.Wang XW,Liu WQ,Xu XR,et al.Migration velocity modeling and imaging techniques[J].NaturalGas Industry,2010,30(2):52-54.
[3]潘宏勋,方伍宝.速度模型误差给叠前深度偏移成像带来的假象[J].物探化探计算技术,2010,32(1):64-67.Pan HX,Fang WB.Effect of inexact velocity model on prestack depth migration imaging[J].Computing Techniques for Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,2010,32(1):64-67.
[4]Billette F,LambaréFG.Velocity macro-model estimation from seismic reflection data bystereotomography[J].Geophysical Journal International,1998,135(2):671-690.
[5]Lambare G.Stereotomography[J].Geophysics,2008,73(5):25-31.
[6]倪瑶,杨锴,陈宝书.立体层析反演方法理论分析与应用测试[J].石油物探,2013,52(2):121-130.Ni Y,Yang K,Chen BS.Stereotomgraphy inversion method:Theory and application testing[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2013,52(2):121-130.
[7]杨淑卿,王立歆,黄剑航,等,反射走时及走时梯度联合层析速度反演方法研究[J].油气地球物理,2008,6(1):11-15.Yang SQ,Wang LQ,Huang JH,et al.Velocity inversion from reflection travel-time and gradientof travel-time by tomography[J].Petroleum Geophysics,2008,6(1):11-15.
[8]Billette F,Begatz SL,Podvinz P,et al.Practical aspects and applications of 2Dstereotomography[J].Geophysics,2003,68(3):1008-1021.
[9]井西利,杨长春,李幼铭.建立速度模型的层析成像方法研究[J].石油物探,2002,41(1):72-75.Jing XL,Yang CC,Li YM.Study of tomographic inversion in the construction of velocitymodel[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2002,41(1):72-75.
[10]井西利,杨长春,王世清.一种改进的地震反射层析成像方法[J].地球物理学报,2007,50(6):1831-1836.Jing XL,Yang CC,Wang SQ.A improved seismic reflection tomographic method[J].ChineseJournal Geophysics,2007,50(6):1831-1836.
[11]黄剑航.反射波走时及其梯度层析成像方法研究[D].厦门:厦门大学,2008.Huang JH.Seismic Reflection Tomography from Travel-time and Its Gradient Data[D].Xiamen:Xiamen University,2008.
[12]LambaréG,Alerini M,Baina R,et al.Stereotomography:A semi-automatic approach forvelocity macromodel estimation[J].Geophysical Prospecting,2004,52(6):671-681.
[13]黄忠来,张建中,蒋亚洲.基于直线和双曲线叠加的斜率自动拾取方法[J].地球物理学进展,2013,28(6):3007-3014.Huang ZL,Zhang JZ,Jiang YZ.Automatic picking method for slopes of locally coherent eventsbased on linear and hyperbolic stack[J].Progress in Geophysics,2013,28(6):3007-3014.
[14]常旭,卢孟夏,刘伊克.地震层析成像反演中3种广义解的误差分析与评价[J].地球物理学报,1999,42(5):695-701.Chang X,Lu MX,Liu YK.Error analysis and appraisals for three general solutions in seismictomography[J].Chinese Journal Geophysics,1999,42(5):695-701.
[15]王敬,杨艳,胡英,等.网格尺度对走时层析成像结果的影响分析及对策[J].武汉大学学报:理学版,2013,59(4):398-402.Wang J,Yang Y,Hu Y,et al.The analysis and the solution of the grid size problem totravel-time tomography[J].Journal of Wuhan University:Natural Science Edition,2013,59(4):398-402.
[2]王小卫,刘文卿,徐兴荣,等.偏移速度建模与成像技术[J].天然气工业,2010,30(2):52-54.Wang XW,Liu WQ,Xu XR,et al.Migration velocity modeling and imaging techniques[J].NaturalGas Industry,2010,30(2):52-54.
[3]潘宏勋,方伍宝.速度模型误差给叠前深度偏移成像带来的假象[J].物探化探计算技术,2010,32(1):64-67.Pan HX,Fang WB.Effect of inexact velocity model on prestack depth migration imaging[J].Computing Techniques for Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,2010,32(1):64-67.
[4]Billette F,LambaréFG.Velocity macro-model estimation from seismic reflection data bystereotomography[J].Geophysical Journal International,1998,135(2):671-690.
[5]Lambare G.Stereotomography[J].Geophysics,2008,73(5):25-31.
[6]倪瑶,杨锴,陈宝书.立体层析反演方法理论分析与应用测试[J].石油物探,2013,52(2):121-130.Ni Y,Yang K,Chen BS.Stereotomgraphy inversion method:Theory and application testing[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2013,52(2):121-130.
[7]杨淑卿,王立歆,黄剑航,等,反射走时及走时梯度联合层析速度反演方法研究[J].油气地球物理,2008,6(1):11-15.Yang SQ,Wang LQ,Huang JH,et al.Velocity inversion from reflection travel-time and gradientof travel-time by tomography[J].Petroleum Geophysics,2008,6(1):11-15.
[8]Billette F,Begatz SL,Podvinz P,et al.Practical aspects and applications of 2Dstereotomography[J].Geophysics,2003,68(3):1008-1021.
[9]井西利,杨长春,李幼铭.建立速度模型的层析成像方法研究[J].石油物探,2002,41(1):72-75.Jing XL,Yang CC,Li YM.Study of tomographic inversion in the construction of velocitymodel[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2002,41(1):72-75.
[10]井西利,杨长春,王世清.一种改进的地震反射层析成像方法[J].地球物理学报,2007,50(6):1831-1836.Jing XL,Yang CC,Wang SQ.A improved seismic reflection tomographic method[J].ChineseJournal Geophysics,2007,50(6):1831-1836.
[11]黄剑航.反射波走时及其梯度层析成像方法研究[D].厦门:厦门大学,2008.Huang JH.Seismic Reflection Tomography from Travel-time and Its Gradient Data[D].Xiamen:Xiamen University,2008.
[12]LambaréG,Alerini M,Baina R,et al.Stereotomography:A semi-automatic approach forvelocity macromodel estimation[J].Geophysical Prospecting,2004,52(6):671-681.
[13]黄忠来,张建中,蒋亚洲.基于直线和双曲线叠加的斜率自动拾取方法[J].地球物理学进展,2013,28(6):3007-3014.Huang ZL,Zhang JZ,Jiang YZ.Automatic picking method for slopes of locally coherent eventsbased on linear and hyperbolic stack[J].Progress in Geophysics,2013,28(6):3007-3014.
[14]常旭,卢孟夏,刘伊克.地震层析成像反演中3种广义解的误差分析与评价[J].地球物理学报,1999,42(5):695-701.Chang X,Lu MX,Liu YK.Error analysis and appraisals for three general solutions in seismictomography[J].Chinese Journal Geophysics,1999,42(5):695-701.
[15]王敬,杨艳,胡英,等.网格尺度对走时层析成像结果的影响分析及对策[J].武汉大学学报:理学版,2013,59(4):398-402.Wang J,Yang Y,Hu Y,et al.The analysis and the solution of the grid size problem totravel-time tomography[J].Journal of Wuhan University:Natural Science Edition,2013,59(4):398-402.
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