“4·20”芦山地震后的四川地质灾害形势预测与防治对策
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摘要
"4·20"芦山地震诱发了大量次生地质灾害。针对此次地震引发的次生地质灾害,通过分析地形地貌、地质条件、地震活动和极端干湿气候对泥石流发育的影响,建立地质灾害易发性评价指标,利用GIS空间分析技术对四川震后地质灾害易发性进行了快速定量评价。结果显示,2013年四川省地质灾害高、中、低易发区面积分别为9.97×104 km2、6.67×104 km2、1.41×104 km2。其中高易发区主要集中于芦山地震影响区、汶川地震影响区、川东南和川南干旱区。在此基础上提出了防控建议。
A large number of secondary geological disasters were induced by the "4·20" Lushan earthquake in Sichuan province.In order to assess the secondary geological hazards,this paper analyzes the effects of topography,geological conditions,earthquakes and drought on debris flow development,and then sets up the assessment indexes.A speedy quantitative assessment of hazards sensibility is carried out using GIS spatial analysis technology.The results indicate that the areas of the high probable,mid-probable,low probable geological disasters in Sichuan province in 2013 are 99 700 km2,66 700 km2,14 100 km2,respectively.The high probable geological disasters will be distributed over the affected areas by the Lushan earthquake and the Wenchuan earthquake,and the drought areas in the south and southeast of Sichuan province.Based on the above,the suggestions of prevention and control are put forward.
A large number of secondary geological disasters were induced by the "4·20" Lushan earthquake in Sichuan province.In order to assess the secondary geological hazards,this paper analyzes the effects of topography,geological conditions,earthquakes and drought on debris flow development,and then sets up the assessment indexes.A speedy quantitative assessment of hazards sensibility is carried out using GIS spatial analysis technology.The results indicate that the areas of the high probable,mid-probable,low probable geological disasters in Sichuan province in 2013 are 99 700 km2,66 700 km2,14 100 km2,respectively.The high probable geological disasters will be distributed over the affected areas by the Lushan earthquake and the Wenchuan earthquake,and the drought areas in the south and southeast of Sichuan province.Based on the above,the suggestions of prevention and control are put forward.
引文
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[15]陈宁生,崔鹏,王晓颖,等.地震作用下泥石流源区砾石土体强度的衰减实验[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(16):2743-2747.Chen N S,Cui P,Wang X Y,et al.Testing studyon strength reduction of gravelly soil in triggeringarea of debris flow under earthquake[J].ChineseJournal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(16):2743-2747.(In Chinese)
[16]张春山,孙炜锋,谭成轩,等.四川汶川Ms8级地震重灾区地质灾害危险性评价和预测[J].地质通报,2009,28(8):1138-1145.Zhang C S,Sun W F,Tan C X,et al.Assessmentof geohazard in severely damaged region by Wen-chuan Ms 8earthquake,Sichuan Province,China[J].Geology Bulletin of China,2009,28(8):1138-1145.(In Chinese)
[17]Chen N,Yang C,Zhou W,et al.The critical rain-fall characteristics for torrents and debris flows inthe Wenchuan earthquake stricken area[J].Journalof Mountain Science,2009,6(4):362-372.
[18]Irmler R,Daut G,Musbacher R.A debris flowcalendar derived from sediments of lake Lago diBraies(N.Italy)[J].Geomorphology,2006,77(1):69-78.
[2]第宝锋,陈宁生,谢万银,等.罗坝街沟泥石流特征分析[J].山地学报,2003,21(2):216-222.Di B F,Chen N S,Xie W Y,et al.Character analy-sis of debris flow in Luobajie gully[J].Journal ofMountain Science,2003,21(2):216-222.(In Chi-nese)
[3]谭万沛,袁锡明.芦花沟泥石流形成条件及其治理工程[J].水土保持通报,1989,9(6):61-65.Tan W P,Yuan X M.The formative conditions ofLuhuagou debris flow and its control projects[J].Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,1989,9(6):61-65.(In Chinese)
[4]张金山,王士革,孟国才,等.黑水县芦花沟泥石流灾害治理现状与建议[J].山地学报,2006,24(2):181-185.Zhang J S,Wang S G,Meng G C,et al.The presentcondition of debris flow and controlling suggestions inLuhua gully of Heishui county[J].Journal of Moun-tain Science,2006,24(2):181-185.(In Chinese)
[5]Ni H,Zheng W,Tie Y,et al.Formation and charac-teristics of post-earthquake debris flow:a case studyfrom Wenjia gully in Mianzhu,Sichuan,SW China[J].Natural Hazards,2012,61(2):317-335.
[6]Tang C,Van Asch T,Chang M,et al.Catastrophicdebris flows on 13August 2010in the Qingping area,southwestern China:The combined effects of a strongearthquake and subsequent rainstorms[J].Geomor-phology,2012,139:559-576.
[7]Yu B,Ma Y,Wu Y.Case study of a giant debrisflow in the Wenjia Gully,Sichuan Province,China[J].Natural Hazards,2013,65(1):835-849.
[8]倪化勇,郑万模,唐业旗,等.汶川震区文家沟泥石流成灾机理与特征[J].工程地质学报,2011,19(2):262-270.Ni H Y,Zheng W M,Tang Y Q,et al.Mechanismand characteristics of Wenjia gully debris flow in epi-center area of Wenchuan earthquake[J].Journal ofEngineering Geology,2011,19(2):262-270.(InChinese)
[9]唐川,李为乐,丁军,等.汶川震区映秀镇“8.14”特大泥石流灾害调查[J].地球科学:中国地质大学学报,2011,36(1):172-180.Tang C,Li W L,Ding J,et al.Field investigationand research on giant debris flow on August 14,2010in Yingxiu town,epicenter of Wenchuan earthquake[J].Earth Science:Journal of China University ofGeosciences,2011,36(1):172-180.(In Chinese)
[10]唐川,梁京涛.汶川震区北川9.24暴雨泥石流特征研究[J].工程地质学报,2008,16(6):751-758.Tang C,Liang J T.Characteristics of debris flowsin Beichuan epicenter of the Wenchuan earthquaketriggered by rain storm on September 24,2008[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2008,16(6):751-758.(In Chinese)
[11]邱洪亮,高德政.南江县坪河乡九义校滑坡稳定性分析[J].吉林水利,2012(12):9-12.Qiu H L,Gao D Z.The analysis of the landslidestability in Jiuyi school of Pinghe township of Nan-jiang county[J].Jilin Water Resources,2012(12):9-12.(In Chinese)
[12]任远.南江县正直镇滑坡变形特征及成因机制分析[J].长春工程学院学报:自然科学版,2012(4):86-88.Ren Y.The analysis of deformation characteristicsand formation mechanism about the Zhengxhi townlandslide in Nanjiang county[J].Journal of Chang-chun Institute of Technology(Natural Sciences Edi-tion),2012(4):86-88.(In Chinese)
[13]黄润秋,李为乐.“5.12”汶川大地震触发地质灾害的发育分布规律研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(12):2585-2592.Huang R Q,Li W L.Research on development anddistribution rules of geohazards induced by Wen-chuan earthquake on 12th May,2008[J].ChineseJournal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(12):2585-2592.(In Chinese)
[14]Chen N S,Hu G S,Deng M F,et al.Impact ofearthquake on debris flow:A case study on theWenchuan Earthquake[J].Journal of Earthquakeand Tsunami,2011,5(5):493-508.
[15]陈宁生,崔鹏,王晓颖,等.地震作用下泥石流源区砾石土体强度的衰减实验[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(16):2743-2747.Chen N S,Cui P,Wang X Y,et al.Testing studyon strength reduction of gravelly soil in triggeringarea of debris flow under earthquake[J].ChineseJournal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(16):2743-2747.(In Chinese)
[16]张春山,孙炜锋,谭成轩,等.四川汶川Ms8级地震重灾区地质灾害危险性评价和预测[J].地质通报,2009,28(8):1138-1145.Zhang C S,Sun W F,Tan C X,et al.Assessmentof geohazard in severely damaged region by Wen-chuan Ms 8earthquake,Sichuan Province,China[J].Geology Bulletin of China,2009,28(8):1138-1145.(In Chinese)
[17]Chen N,Yang C,Zhou W,et al.The critical rain-fall characteristics for torrents and debris flows inthe Wenchuan earthquake stricken area[J].Journalof Mountain Science,2009,6(4):362-372.
[18]Irmler R,Daut G,Musbacher R.A debris flowcalendar derived from sediments of lake Lago diBraies(N.Italy)[J].Geomorphology,2006,77(1):69-78.
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