走滑断层地震地表断裂位错估计方法研究
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摘要
为对一次地震中可能造成的地表断裂位错作出较准确的估计,采用拟静力弹塑性有限元方法,分别对覆盖土层为粉质黏土和黏土情况下,走滑断层引发的地震地表断裂进行了数值模拟分析。根据历史震害数据回归拟合的震级M与基岩位错D基岩的关系式以及数值计算结果,建立了震级M与地表位错D地表的关系式。公式中考虑了土层厚度H对地表位错D地表的影响,而不仅仅局限于根据震级M的大小通过统计公式来估算地表断裂位错D地表。结果表明,走滑断层引发的地震地表断裂位错不仅与震级的大小有关,还与土层厚度和土层性质有关;在相同震级作用下,随着土层厚度的增加,地表位错逐渐减小;在相同震级和相同土层厚度下,上覆土层为粉质黏土时产生的地表位错要大于上覆土层为黏土时产生的地表位错;根据拟合的公式估计出不同震级情况下可不考虑走滑断层影响的临界覆盖土层厚度值,有助于提高活动断裂地震危险性评估工作的可靠性。
In order to estimate seismic surface rupture dislocation more accurately,the finite element method of pseudo-static elastoplasticity is used for numerical simulation to seismic surface rupture by strike-slip fault.In the numerical model,the two cases of silty clay and clay are discussed respectively.According to the relationship between magnitude M and bedrock dislocation Dbedrock which is regressed and fitted based on historical earthquake damage data and numerical calculation results,the relationship between magnitude M and surface dislocation Dsurface is set up.In the formula,the influence factor of soil thickness H is considered,and not just estimate surface rupture dislocation depending on magnitude by using statistical formula.The results show that: seismic surface rupture dislocation under strike-slip fault relates not only to magnitude,but to soil thickness and soil properties;Surface dislocation decreases gradually with the increasing of soil thickness under the same magnitude;Surface dislocation of silty clay is larger than that of clay under the same magnitude and soil thickness;The critical value of soil thickness without considering strike-slip fault is estimated based on the fitting formulas,and the result is helpful to improve the reliability of seismic risk evaluation of active fault.
In order to estimate seismic surface rupture dislocation more accurately,the finite element method of pseudo-static elastoplasticity is used for numerical simulation to seismic surface rupture by strike-slip fault.In the numerical model,the two cases of silty clay and clay are discussed respectively.According to the relationship between magnitude M and bedrock dislocation Dbedrock which is regressed and fitted based on historical earthquake damage data and numerical calculation results,the relationship between magnitude M and surface dislocation Dsurface is set up.In the formula,the influence factor of soil thickness H is considered,and not just estimate surface rupture dislocation depending on magnitude by using statistical formula.The results show that: seismic surface rupture dislocation under strike-slip fault relates not only to magnitude,but to soil thickness and soil properties;Surface dislocation decreases gradually with the increasing of soil thickness under the same magnitude;Surface dislocation of silty clay is larger than that of clay under the same magnitude and soil thickness;The critical value of soil thickness without considering strike-slip fault is estimated based on the fitting formulas,and the result is helpful to improve the reliability of seismic risk evaluation of active fault.
引文
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[3]邓起东,于贵华,叶文华.地震地表破裂参数与震级关系的研究——活动断裂研究(2)[M].北京:地震出版社,1992.
[4]邵光彪,郭恩栋,薄景山,等.覆盖土层场地地震断裂研究进展[J].世界地震工程,2002,18(4):18-22.SHAO Guang-biao,GUO En-dong,BAO Jing-shan,et al.Advances in research on earthquake rupture of overlyingsoil site[J].World Earthquake Engineering,2002,18(4):18-22.
[5]COLE D A,LADE P V.Influence zones in alluvium overdip-slip faults[J].Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,1984,110(5):562-580.
[6]LADE P V,COLE D A,CUMMINGS D.Multiple failuresurfaces over dip-slip faults[J].Journal of GeotechnicalEngineering,1984,110(5):616-627.
[7]董津城,刘守华.断裂上覆土层厚度对工程影响研究报告[R].北京:北京市勘察设计研究院,1996.
[8]郭恩栋,冯启民,薄景山,等.覆盖土层场地地震断裂试验及计算方法研究[R].哈尔滨:中国地震局工程力学研究所,2000.
[9]郭恩栋,冯启民,薄景山,等.覆盖土层场地地震断裂试验[J].地震工程与工程振动,2001,21(3):145-149.GUO En-dong,FENG Qi-min,BAO Jing-shan,et al.Seismic test of soil site rupture under faultdisplacements[J].Earthquake Engineering andEngineering Vibration,2001,21(3):145-149.
[10]SCOTT R F,SCHOUSTRA J J.Nuclear power plantsitting on deep alluvium[J].Journal of GeotechnicalEngineering Division,1974,100(4):449-459.
[11]TANIYAMA WATANABE.Deformation of sandydeposits by fault movement[C]//The 12th WorldConference on Earthquake Engineering.Auckland:International Association for Earthquake Engineering,2000:2209-2219.
[12]RAMANCHARLA MERGURO.Numerical modeling ofdip-slip faults for studying ground surface deformation[R].Tokyo:Bulletin of Earthquake Resistant StructureResearch Center,Institute of Industrial Science,TheUniversity of Tokyo,2001.
[13]邵广彪.覆盖土层场地地震断裂研究[D].哈尔滨:中国地震局工程力学研究所,2002.
[14]胡聿贤.地震工程学[M].北京:地震出版社,1988.
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