三维地震属性及微地震数据在致密砂岩气藏开发中的综合应用(英文)
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摘要
非常规资源如页岩气和致密砂岩气的开发,要求综合利用多学科的知识,以解决诸多工程问题来获得经济产能。不同类型数据如三维地震和微地震数据所揭示出的储层非均质性能,更深入全面地揭示储层特性并优化钻井和完井程序。本文研究中,首先利用三维地震曲率属性预测了储层局部应力方向及天然裂缝闭合状态,获得了储层非均质性信息及地质力学性质;利用蚂蚁体预测了储层裂缝网络以及利用曲率和蚂蚁体结合预测了潜在的影响水力裂缝延伸的压裂屏障。其次利用三维地震获得的上述信息指导压裂方案设计及施工参数调整。最后,综合三维地震解释结果和微地震成像结果解释了压裂施工过程中出现砂堵的原因,明确了致密砂岩储层水力裂缝延伸及天然裂缝开启闭合控制因素。
The development of unconventional resources,such as shale gas and tight sand gas,requires the integration of multi-disciplinary knowledge to resolve many engineering problems in order to achieve economic production levels.The reservoir heterogeneity revealed by different data sets,such as 3D seismic and microseismic data,can more fully reflect the reservoir properties and is helpful to optimize the drilling and completion programs.First,we predict the local stress direction and open or close status of the natural fractures in tight sand reservoirs based on seismic curvature,an attribute that reveals reservoir heterogeneity and geomechanical properties.Meanwhile,the reservoir fracture network is predicted using an ant-tracking cube and the potential fracture barriers which can affect hydraulic fracture propagation are predicted by integrating the seismic curvature attribute and ant-tracking cube.Second,we use this information,derived from 3D seismic data,to assist in designing the fracture program and adjusting stimulation parameters.Finally,we interpret the reason why sand plugs will occur during the stimulation process by the integration of 3D seismic interpretation and microseismic imaging results,which further explain the hydraulic fracture propagation controlling factors and open or closed state of natural fractures in tight sand reservoirs.
The development of unconventional resources,such as shale gas and tight sand gas,requires the integration of multi-disciplinary knowledge to resolve many engineering problems in order to achieve economic production levels.The reservoir heterogeneity revealed by different data sets,such as 3D seismic and microseismic data,can more fully reflect the reservoir properties and is helpful to optimize the drilling and completion programs.First,we predict the local stress direction and open or close status of the natural fractures in tight sand reservoirs based on seismic curvature,an attribute that reveals reservoir heterogeneity and geomechanical properties.Meanwhile,the reservoir fracture network is predicted using an ant-tracking cube and the potential fracture barriers which can affect hydraulic fracture propagation are predicted by integrating the seismic curvature attribute and ant-tracking cube.Second,we use this information,derived from 3D seismic data,to assist in designing the fracture program and adjusting stimulation parameters.Finally,we interpret the reason why sand plugs will occur during the stimulation process by the integration of 3D seismic interpretation and microseismic imaging results,which further explain the hydraulic fracture propagation controlling factors and open or closed state of natural fractures in tight sand reservoirs.
引文
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Blumentritt,C.H.,Marfurt,K.J.,and Sullivan,E.C.,2006,Volume-based curvature computations illuminate fractureorientations—Early to Mid-Paleozoic,Central BasinPlatform,West Texas: Geophysics,71(5),B159-B166.
Chopra,S.,and Marfurt,K.J.,2007a,Curvature attributeapplications to 3D surface seismic data: The LeadingEdge,26(7),404-414.
Chopra,S.,and Marfurt,K.J.,2007b,Volumetric curvatureattributes for fault/fracture characterization: First Break,25(5),35-46.
Chopra,S.,and Marfurt,K.J.,2008,Emerging and futuretrends in seismic attributes: The Leading Edge,27(3),298-318.
Chopra,S.,and Marfurt,K.J.,2010,Integration ofcoherence and volumetric curvature images: The LeadingEdge,29(9),1092-1107.
Duan,C.J.,Chen,L.Y.,and Wu,H.N.,2009,Developmentgeological characteristics of the Lower Permianoverlapping reservoirs in Daniudi Gas Field: PetroleumGeology and Experiment,31(5),495-499.
Duncan,M.P.,and Eisner,L.,2010,Reservoircharacterization using surface microseismic monitoring:Geophysics,75(5),75A139-75A146.
Frohne,K.-H.,and Mercer,J.C.,1984,Fractured shale gasreservoir performance study-an offset well interference fieldtest: Journal of Petroleum Technology,36(2),291-300.
Grechka,V.,Mazumdar,P.,and Shapiro,S.A.,2010,Predicting permeability and gas production of hydraulicfractured tight sands from microseismic data: Geophysics,75(1),B1-B10.
Hanssen,P.,and Bussat,S.,2008,Pitfalls in the analysis oflow frequency passive seismic data: First Break,26(6),111-119.
Hart,B.S.,2006,Seismic expression of fracture-swarmsweet spots,Upper Cretaceous tight-gas reservoirs,SanJuan Basin: AAPG Bulletin,90(10),1519-1534.
Kiselevitch,V.L.,Nikolaev,A.V.,Troitskiy,P.A.,et al.,1991,Emission tomography: Main ideas,results,andprospects: 61st Ann.Internat.Mtg.,Soc.Expl.Geophys.,Expanded Abstracts,1602-1602.
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Lin,C.M.,Zhang,X.,Zhou,J.,et al.,2011,Diagenesis characteristics of the reservoir sandstones in LowerShihezi Formation from Daniudi Gas Field,Ordos Basin:Advances in Earth Science,26(2),212-223.
Maxwell,S.,2010,Microseismic: Growth born fromsuccess: The Leading Edge,29(3),338-343.
Maxwell,S.,Rutledge,J.,Jones,R.,et al.,2010,Petroleumreservoir characterization using downhole microseismicmonitoring: Geophysics,75(5),75A129-75A137.
Maxwell,S.,Cho,D.,and Nortan,M.,2011,Integration ofsurface seismic and microseismic Part 2: Understandinghydraulic fracture variability through geomechanicalintegration: CSEG Recorder,36(2),27-30.
Nelson,R.,2001,Geologic analysis of naturally fracturedreservoirs: Elsevier,125-162.
Nortan,M.,Cho,D.,and Maxwell,S.,2011,Integration ofsurface seismic and microseismic for the characterizationof a shale gas reservoir: CSEG Recorder,36(1),31-33.
Refunjol,X.E.,Marfurt,K.J.,and Calvez,J.L.,2011,Inversion and attribute-assisted hydraulically inducedmicroseismic fracture characterization in the North TexasBarnett Shale: The Leading Edge,30(3),292-299.
Refunjol,X.E.,Marfurt,Keranen,K.M.,and Calvez,J.L.,et al.,2012,Integration of hydraulic induced microseismicevent locations with active seismic attributes: A NorthTexas Barnett Shale case study: Geophysics,77(3),KS1-KS12.
Ringrose,P.,Atbi,M.,Mason,D.,et al.,2009,Plumedevelopment around well KB-502 at the In Salah CO2storage site: First Break,27(1),85-89.
Rutledge,J.T.,and Phillips,W.S.,2003,Hydraulicstimulation of natural fractures as revealed by inducedmicroearthquakes,Carthage Cotton Valley gas field,EastTexas: Geophysics,68(2),441-452.
Shemeta,J.,and Anderson,P.,2010,It’s a matter of size:Magnitude and moment estimates for microseismic data:The Leading Edge,29(3),296-302.
Shen,C.,Liang,B.Y.,and Li,Z.T.,2009,Principle ofvector scanning technique for micro-fractures: ActaPetrolei Sinica,30(5),744-748.
Sheriff,R.E.1991,Encyclopedic dictionary of explorationgeophysics,3rd Edition: SEG Geophysical ReferencesSeries No.12,264.
Shi,J.,2009,Application of ant tracking technologyin small fault interpretation: Journal of Oil and GasTechnology,31(20),257-258.
Song,W.Q.,Chen,Z.D.,and Mao,Z.H.,2008,Hydrofracturing break microseismic monitoring technology:China University of Petroleum Press,China,1-3.
Vaidya,V.,2009,Low frequency seismic-A new tool forexploration and development: Drilling and ExplorationWorld,19(2),33-37.
Yenugu,M.,and Marfurt,K.J.,2011,Relation betweenseismic curvatures and fractures identified from imagelogs-application to the Mississipian reservoirs ofOklahoma,USA: 81stAnn.Internat.Mtg.,Soc.Expl.Geophys.,Expanded Abstracts,995-998.
Zhang,X.,2010,Application of ant tracing algorithmin fault automatic interpretation: a case study onFangheting structure in Pinghu Oilfield: Oil GeophysicalProspecting,45(2),278-281.
Blumentritt,C.H.,Marfurt,K.J.,and Sullivan,E.C.,2006,Volume-based curvature computations illuminate fractureorientations—Early to Mid-Paleozoic,Central BasinPlatform,West Texas: Geophysics,71(5),B159-B166.
Chopra,S.,and Marfurt,K.J.,2007a,Curvature attributeapplications to 3D surface seismic data: The LeadingEdge,26(7),404-414.
Chopra,S.,and Marfurt,K.J.,2007b,Volumetric curvatureattributes for fault/fracture characterization: First Break,25(5),35-46.
Chopra,S.,and Marfurt,K.J.,2008,Emerging and futuretrends in seismic attributes: The Leading Edge,27(3),298-318.
Chopra,S.,and Marfurt,K.J.,2010,Integration ofcoherence and volumetric curvature images: The LeadingEdge,29(9),1092-1107.
Duan,C.J.,Chen,L.Y.,and Wu,H.N.,2009,Developmentgeological characteristics of the Lower Permianoverlapping reservoirs in Daniudi Gas Field: PetroleumGeology and Experiment,31(5),495-499.
Duncan,M.P.,and Eisner,L.,2010,Reservoircharacterization using surface microseismic monitoring:Geophysics,75(5),75A139-75A146.
Frohne,K.-H.,and Mercer,J.C.,1984,Fractured shale gasreservoir performance study-an offset well interference fieldtest: Journal of Petroleum Technology,36(2),291-300.
Grechka,V.,Mazumdar,P.,and Shapiro,S.A.,2010,Predicting permeability and gas production of hydraulicfractured tight sands from microseismic data: Geophysics,75(1),B1-B10.
Hanssen,P.,and Bussat,S.,2008,Pitfalls in the analysis oflow frequency passive seismic data: First Break,26(6),111-119.
Hart,B.S.,2006,Seismic expression of fracture-swarmsweet spots,Upper Cretaceous tight-gas reservoirs,SanJuan Basin: AAPG Bulletin,90(10),1519-1534.
Kiselevitch,V.L.,Nikolaev,A.V.,Troitskiy,P.A.,et al.,1991,Emission tomography: Main ideas,results,andprospects: 61st Ann.Internat.Mtg.,Soc.Expl.Geophys.,Expanded Abstracts,1602-1602.
Lakings,J.D.,Duncan,P.M.,Neale,C.,et al.,2006,Surface based microseismic monitoring of a hydraulicfracture well stimulation in the Barnett Shale: 76thAnn.Internat.Mtg.,Soc.Expl.Geophys.,Expanded Abstracts,605-608.
Lin,C.M.,Zhang,X.,Zhou,J.,et al.,2011,Diagenesis characteristics of the reservoir sandstones in LowerShihezi Formation from Daniudi Gas Field,Ordos Basin:Advances in Earth Science,26(2),212-223.
Maxwell,S.,2010,Microseismic: Growth born fromsuccess: The Leading Edge,29(3),338-343.
Maxwell,S.,Rutledge,J.,Jones,R.,et al.,2010,Petroleumreservoir characterization using downhole microseismicmonitoring: Geophysics,75(5),75A129-75A137.
Maxwell,S.,Cho,D.,and Nortan,M.,2011,Integration ofsurface seismic and microseismic Part 2: Understandinghydraulic fracture variability through geomechanicalintegration: CSEG Recorder,36(2),27-30.
Nelson,R.,2001,Geologic analysis of naturally fracturedreservoirs: Elsevier,125-162.
Nortan,M.,Cho,D.,and Maxwell,S.,2011,Integration ofsurface seismic and microseismic for the characterizationof a shale gas reservoir: CSEG Recorder,36(1),31-33.
Refunjol,X.E.,Marfurt,K.J.,and Calvez,J.L.,2011,Inversion and attribute-assisted hydraulically inducedmicroseismic fracture characterization in the North TexasBarnett Shale: The Leading Edge,30(3),292-299.
Refunjol,X.E.,Marfurt,Keranen,K.M.,and Calvez,J.L.,et al.,2012,Integration of hydraulic induced microseismicevent locations with active seismic attributes: A NorthTexas Barnett Shale case study: Geophysics,77(3),KS1-KS12.
Ringrose,P.,Atbi,M.,Mason,D.,et al.,2009,Plumedevelopment around well KB-502 at the In Salah CO2storage site: First Break,27(1),85-89.
Rutledge,J.T.,and Phillips,W.S.,2003,Hydraulicstimulation of natural fractures as revealed by inducedmicroearthquakes,Carthage Cotton Valley gas field,EastTexas: Geophysics,68(2),441-452.
Shemeta,J.,and Anderson,P.,2010,It’s a matter of size:Magnitude and moment estimates for microseismic data:The Leading Edge,29(3),296-302.
Shen,C.,Liang,B.Y.,and Li,Z.T.,2009,Principle ofvector scanning technique for micro-fractures: ActaPetrolei Sinica,30(5),744-748.
Sheriff,R.E.1991,Encyclopedic dictionary of explorationgeophysics,3rd Edition: SEG Geophysical ReferencesSeries No.12,264.
Shi,J.,2009,Application of ant tracking technologyin small fault interpretation: Journal of Oil and GasTechnology,31(20),257-258.
Song,W.Q.,Chen,Z.D.,and Mao,Z.H.,2008,Hydrofracturing break microseismic monitoring technology:China University of Petroleum Press,China,1-3.
Vaidya,V.,2009,Low frequency seismic-A new tool forexploration and development: Drilling and ExplorationWorld,19(2),33-37.
Yenugu,M.,and Marfurt,K.J.,2011,Relation betweenseismic curvatures and fractures identified from imagelogs-application to the Mississipian reservoirs ofOklahoma,USA: 81stAnn.Internat.Mtg.,Soc.Expl.Geophys.,Expanded Abstracts,995-998.
Zhang,X.,2010,Application of ant tracing algorithmin fault automatic interpretation: a case study onFangheting structure in Pinghu Oilfield: Oil GeophysicalProspecting,45(2),278-281.
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