潮汐触发地震研究进展综述
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摘要
对近年来国内外潮汐调制触发地震研究进行了系统综述。介绍了月相与地震活动的关系,日月引潮力及其分量对地震触发的情况,基于大样本统计的潮汐触发地震研究等内容。月相与地震活动的简单对应是对潮汐触发地震的初步研究,调制比是对这一现象的定量化描述。潮汐应力分解及对地震活动影响的研究,则是从力学的层面揭示两者之间的可能关系。大样本统计则从统计的角度研究潮汐对地震的关系,众多统计方法中应用较多的是Schuster检验,它将震源机制、潮汐应力、统计检验等因素综合考虑,定量地分析潮汐对地震的触发作用。
We systematically reviewed the study of tidal triggering of earthquakes in recent years,focusing on the relationship between phases of the moon and seismic activities,earthquakes triggered by tidal force and its components,statistics of tidal triggering of earthquake based on large sample.The relationship between phases of the moon and seismic activities is a preliminary study of tidal triggering of earthquakes,and the modulation ration is a quantitative description of it.Using decomposition of tidal stress to study seismic activities is a way to reveal the relation between the tides and earthquakes from mechanics.Large sample statistics is another way to study the relation between the tides and earthquakes from the view of statistics.In many statistical methods,Schuster′s test is used more widely,which takes into account many factors such as focal mechanism,tidal stress,statistic test to quantitatively analyse the impact of tidal triggering of earthquakes.
We systematically reviewed the study of tidal triggering of earthquakes in recent years,focusing on the relationship between phases of the moon and seismic activities,earthquakes triggered by tidal force and its components,statistics of tidal triggering of earthquake based on large sample.The relationship between phases of the moon and seismic activities is a preliminary study of tidal triggering of earthquakes,and the modulation ration is a quantitative description of it.Using decomposition of tidal stress to study seismic activities is a way to reveal the relation between the tides and earthquakes from mechanics.Large sample statistics is another way to study the relation between the tides and earthquakes from the view of statistics.In many statistical methods,Schuster′s test is used more widely,which takes into account many factors such as focal mechanism,tidal stress,statistic test to quantitatively analyse the impact of tidal triggering of earthquakes.
引文
[1]Heaton T H.Tidal triggering of earthquakes[J].Geophys J,1975,43(2):307-326.
[2]Heaton T H.Tidal triggering of earthquakes[J].Bull Seism Soc Am,1982,72(6):2 181-2 200.
[3]Lockner D A,Beeler N M.Premonitory slip and tidal triggering of earthquakes[J].J Geophys Res,b,1999,104(9):20 133-20 151.
[4]高锡铭,殷志山,王威中,等.固体潮张量对地震的触发作用[J].地震学报,1981,3(3):264-275.
[5]杜品仁,徐道一.天文地震学引论[M].北京:地震出版社,1984.124-155.
[6]李志安,陈黎,韩延本,等.触发地震的日月引潮力[J].北京师范大学学报(自然科学版),1994,30(3):368-372.
[7]蒋海昆,黎明晓,吴琼,等.2008年5月12日汶川8.0级地震序列及相关问题讨论[J].地震地质,2008,30(3):34-47.
[8]蒋海昆,曲延军,李永莉,等.中国大陆中强地震余震序列的部分统计特征[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(4):1 110-1 117.
[9]蒋海昆.5.12汶川8.0级地震序列震后早期趋势判定及有关问题讨论[J].地球物理学进展,2010,25(5):1 528-1 538.
[10]郭增建,秦保燕,李革平.未来灾害学[M].北京:地震出版社,1992.428-431.
[11]秦保燕.由调制小震法初探中、强地震时空强预报[J].地壳变形与地震,1986,16(4):293-303.
[12]秦保燕,温增平,张晓东.中强地震前小震调制比异常的动态监测与地点预报[J].地壳变形与地震,1994,14(1):38-44.
[13]吴庆鹏.重力学与固体潮[M].北京:地震出版社,1997.152-178.
[14]董积平.关于甘肃地区小震调制比异常区域面积选取问题的讨论[J].西北地震学报,1997,19(3):94-96.
[15]王炜,宋先月,谢端.地震调制比及其在华北地震中期预报中的应用[J].地震,2001,21(2):7-12.
[16]张国民,李丽,黎凯武,等.强震成组活动与潮汐力调制触发[J].中国地震,2001,17(2):110-120.
[17]黎凯武.中国大陆成组强震与强震调制比分析[J].地震,2000,20(增刊):44-50.
[18]郗钦文,侯天航.固体潮汐与引潮常数[J].中国地震,1986,2(2):30-41.
[19]张晶,陈荣华,杨林章,等.强震前形变潮汐异常判别与机理研究[J].地震学报,2006,28(2):150-157.
[20]张晶,郗钦文,杨林章,等.引潮力与潮汐应力对强震触发的研究[J].地球物理学报,2007,50(2):448-454.
[21]韩延本,李志安,田静.日、月引潮力变化与某些地区地震发生时间的相关研究[J].地球物理学进展,1996,11(2):114-122.
[22]黎凯武.日月引潮力触发地震的一个证据论邢台、河间和唐山地震的时间特性[J].地震学报,1998,20(5):545-551.
[23]黎凯武.1966—1976年华北地震的时间特性及相关触发因素[J].地震,2000,20(1):59-64.
[24]黎凯武,江在森,申彤.潮汐应力-应变对某些地震序列的调制触发[J].地震,2005,25(4):75-86.
[25]陈荣华.引潮力对显著地震触发作用与大震关系及在雅江地震预报中的应用[J].地震,2003,23(1):53-56.
[26]吴小平,黄雍,胡家富,等.地震主应力方向的附加潮汐应力计算及其对发震断层的作用方式研究[J].地震研究,2001,24(1):48-54.
[27]吴小平,黄雍,冒蔚,等.潮汐应力与云南及邻区的地震[J].云南大学学报(自然科学版),2001,23(4):267-274.
[28]吴小平,冒蔚,黄雍,等.基于不同构造分区中国地震的潮汐应力触发效应及相关天文特征[J].中国科学,2009,39(6):901-912.
[29]陈颙.地壳岩石的力学性能[M].北京:地震出版社,1988.41-49.
[30]Schuster A.On lunar and solar periodicities of earthquakes[J].Proc R Soc London,1897,61:455-465.
[31]Tsuruoka H,Ohtake M,Sato H.Statistical test of the tidal triggering of earthquakes:contributionof the ocean tide loading effect[J].Geophys J Int,1995,122:183-194.
[32]Metivier L,de Viron O,Conrad C P,et al.Evidence of earthquake triggering by solid earth tides[J].Earth planet Sci Lett,2009,278:370-373.
[33]Tanaka S,Ohtake M.&Sato H.Spatio-temporal variation of the tidal triggering effect on earth-quake occurrence associated with the 1982South Tonga earthquake of MW7.5[J].Geophys ResLett,2002a,29,doi:10.1029/2002GL015386.
[34]Tanaka S,Ohtake M.&Sato H.Evidence for tidal triggering of earthquakes as revealed from sta-tistical analysis of global data[J].J geophys Res,2002b,107:2211,doi:2210.1029/2001JB001577.
[35]Tanaka S,Sato H,Matsumura S,et al.Tidal triggering of earthquakes in the subducting PhilippineSea plate beneath the locked zone of the plate interface in the Tokai region,Japan[J].Tectonophys-ics,2006,417:69-80.
[36]Tanaka S,Ohtake M,Sato H.Tidal triggering of earthquakes in Japan related to the regional tec-tonic stress[J].Earth Planets Space,2004,56:511-515.
[37]Tanaka S.Tidal triggering of earthquakes precursory to the recent Sumatra megathrust earthquakesof 26December 2004(MW9.0),28March 2005(MW8.6),and 12September 2007(MW8.5)[J].Geophys Res Lett,2010,37,L02301,doi:10.1029/2009GL041581.
[38]Cochran E S,Vidale J E,Tanaka S.Earth tides can trigger shallow thrust fault earthquakes[J].Science,2004,306:1 164-1 166.
[39]Rydelek P A,Sacks I S,Scarpa P.On tidal triggering of earthquakes at Campi Flegrei,Italy[J].Geophys J Int,1992,109:125-137.
[40]Rydelek P A,Davis P M,Koyanagi R Y.Tidal triggering of earthquake swarms at Kilauea VolcanoHawai1[J].Geophys Res,1988,93:4 401-4 411.
[41]Vidale J,Agnew D,Johnston M,et al.Absenceofearthquak e correlationwith earthtides:An indica-tion ofhighpreseismic fault stress rate[J].J Geophys Res,1998,103:24 567-24 572.
[42]Cadicheanu N,van Ruymbeke M,Zhu P.Tidal triggering evidence of intermediate depth earth-quakes in the Vrancea zone(Romania)[J].Nat Hazards Earth Syst Sci,2007,7:733-740.
[43]Fisher N I.Statistical Analysis of Circular Data[M].Cambridge University Press,New York.1993.
[44]Kuiper N H.Tests concerning random points on a circle[J].Proc K Ned Akad Wet Ser A,1962,63:38-47.
[45]Stroup D F,Bohnenstiehl D R,Tolstoy M,et al.Pulse of the seafloor:Tidal triggering of microe-arthquakes at 9°50′N East Pacific Rise[J].Geophys Res Lett,2007,34,L15301,doi:10.1029/2007GL030088.
[46]Hartmann T,Wenzel H G.The HW95tidal potential catalogue[J].Geophys Res Lett,1995,22:3 553-3 556.
[2]Heaton T H.Tidal triggering of earthquakes[J].Bull Seism Soc Am,1982,72(6):2 181-2 200.
[3]Lockner D A,Beeler N M.Premonitory slip and tidal triggering of earthquakes[J].J Geophys Res,b,1999,104(9):20 133-20 151.
[4]高锡铭,殷志山,王威中,等.固体潮张量对地震的触发作用[J].地震学报,1981,3(3):264-275.
[5]杜品仁,徐道一.天文地震学引论[M].北京:地震出版社,1984.124-155.
[6]李志安,陈黎,韩延本,等.触发地震的日月引潮力[J].北京师范大学学报(自然科学版),1994,30(3):368-372.
[7]蒋海昆,黎明晓,吴琼,等.2008年5月12日汶川8.0级地震序列及相关问题讨论[J].地震地质,2008,30(3):34-47.
[8]蒋海昆,曲延军,李永莉,等.中国大陆中强地震余震序列的部分统计特征[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(4):1 110-1 117.
[9]蒋海昆.5.12汶川8.0级地震序列震后早期趋势判定及有关问题讨论[J].地球物理学进展,2010,25(5):1 528-1 538.
[10]郭增建,秦保燕,李革平.未来灾害学[M].北京:地震出版社,1992.428-431.
[11]秦保燕.由调制小震法初探中、强地震时空强预报[J].地壳变形与地震,1986,16(4):293-303.
[12]秦保燕,温增平,张晓东.中强地震前小震调制比异常的动态监测与地点预报[J].地壳变形与地震,1994,14(1):38-44.
[13]吴庆鹏.重力学与固体潮[M].北京:地震出版社,1997.152-178.
[14]董积平.关于甘肃地区小震调制比异常区域面积选取问题的讨论[J].西北地震学报,1997,19(3):94-96.
[15]王炜,宋先月,谢端.地震调制比及其在华北地震中期预报中的应用[J].地震,2001,21(2):7-12.
[16]张国民,李丽,黎凯武,等.强震成组活动与潮汐力调制触发[J].中国地震,2001,17(2):110-120.
[17]黎凯武.中国大陆成组强震与强震调制比分析[J].地震,2000,20(增刊):44-50.
[18]郗钦文,侯天航.固体潮汐与引潮常数[J].中国地震,1986,2(2):30-41.
[19]张晶,陈荣华,杨林章,等.强震前形变潮汐异常判别与机理研究[J].地震学报,2006,28(2):150-157.
[20]张晶,郗钦文,杨林章,等.引潮力与潮汐应力对强震触发的研究[J].地球物理学报,2007,50(2):448-454.
[21]韩延本,李志安,田静.日、月引潮力变化与某些地区地震发生时间的相关研究[J].地球物理学进展,1996,11(2):114-122.
[22]黎凯武.日月引潮力触发地震的一个证据论邢台、河间和唐山地震的时间特性[J].地震学报,1998,20(5):545-551.
[23]黎凯武.1966—1976年华北地震的时间特性及相关触发因素[J].地震,2000,20(1):59-64.
[24]黎凯武,江在森,申彤.潮汐应力-应变对某些地震序列的调制触发[J].地震,2005,25(4):75-86.
[25]陈荣华.引潮力对显著地震触发作用与大震关系及在雅江地震预报中的应用[J].地震,2003,23(1):53-56.
[26]吴小平,黄雍,胡家富,等.地震主应力方向的附加潮汐应力计算及其对发震断层的作用方式研究[J].地震研究,2001,24(1):48-54.
[27]吴小平,黄雍,冒蔚,等.潮汐应力与云南及邻区的地震[J].云南大学学报(自然科学版),2001,23(4):267-274.
[28]吴小平,冒蔚,黄雍,等.基于不同构造分区中国地震的潮汐应力触发效应及相关天文特征[J].中国科学,2009,39(6):901-912.
[29]陈颙.地壳岩石的力学性能[M].北京:地震出版社,1988.41-49.
[30]Schuster A.On lunar and solar periodicities of earthquakes[J].Proc R Soc London,1897,61:455-465.
[31]Tsuruoka H,Ohtake M,Sato H.Statistical test of the tidal triggering of earthquakes:contributionof the ocean tide loading effect[J].Geophys J Int,1995,122:183-194.
[32]Metivier L,de Viron O,Conrad C P,et al.Evidence of earthquake triggering by solid earth tides[J].Earth planet Sci Lett,2009,278:370-373.
[33]Tanaka S,Ohtake M.&Sato H.Spatio-temporal variation of the tidal triggering effect on earth-quake occurrence associated with the 1982South Tonga earthquake of MW7.5[J].Geophys ResLett,2002a,29,doi:10.1029/2002GL015386.
[34]Tanaka S,Ohtake M.&Sato H.Evidence for tidal triggering of earthquakes as revealed from sta-tistical analysis of global data[J].J geophys Res,2002b,107:2211,doi:2210.1029/2001JB001577.
[35]Tanaka S,Sato H,Matsumura S,et al.Tidal triggering of earthquakes in the subducting PhilippineSea plate beneath the locked zone of the plate interface in the Tokai region,Japan[J].Tectonophys-ics,2006,417:69-80.
[36]Tanaka S,Ohtake M,Sato H.Tidal triggering of earthquakes in Japan related to the regional tec-tonic stress[J].Earth Planets Space,2004,56:511-515.
[37]Tanaka S.Tidal triggering of earthquakes precursory to the recent Sumatra megathrust earthquakesof 26December 2004(MW9.0),28March 2005(MW8.6),and 12September 2007(MW8.5)[J].Geophys Res Lett,2010,37,L02301,doi:10.1029/2009GL041581.
[38]Cochran E S,Vidale J E,Tanaka S.Earth tides can trigger shallow thrust fault earthquakes[J].Science,2004,306:1 164-1 166.
[39]Rydelek P A,Sacks I S,Scarpa P.On tidal triggering of earthquakes at Campi Flegrei,Italy[J].Geophys J Int,1992,109:125-137.
[40]Rydelek P A,Davis P M,Koyanagi R Y.Tidal triggering of earthquake swarms at Kilauea VolcanoHawai1[J].Geophys Res,1988,93:4 401-4 411.
[41]Vidale J,Agnew D,Johnston M,et al.Absenceofearthquak e correlationwith earthtides:An indica-tion ofhighpreseismic fault stress rate[J].J Geophys Res,1998,103:24 567-24 572.
[42]Cadicheanu N,van Ruymbeke M,Zhu P.Tidal triggering evidence of intermediate depth earth-quakes in the Vrancea zone(Romania)[J].Nat Hazards Earth Syst Sci,2007,7:733-740.
[43]Fisher N I.Statistical Analysis of Circular Data[M].Cambridge University Press,New York.1993.
[44]Kuiper N H.Tests concerning random points on a circle[J].Proc K Ned Akad Wet Ser A,1962,63:38-47.
[45]Stroup D F,Bohnenstiehl D R,Tolstoy M,et al.Pulse of the seafloor:Tidal triggering of microe-arthquakes at 9°50′N East Pacific Rise[J].Geophys Res Lett,2007,34,L15301,doi:10.1029/2007GL030088.
[46]Hartmann T,Wenzel H G.The HW95tidal potential catalogue[J].Geophys Res Lett,1995,22:3 553-3 556.
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