石油地震地质学及相关技术进展
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摘要
石油地震地质学是一门高度综合的整体化系统科学,几十年来发展迅速,几乎深入到油气勘探的每个领域,并已步入油气田开发范畴,是一门新兴的实用性、生命力很强的边缘学科。通过对近年来这一学科在构造解释、沉积研究、储层表征、开发地震及非常规油气地震勘探等方面的介绍以及相关技术问题的探讨,认为石油地震地质学在技术方法上正步入一个新时代,主要表现在地震解释技术出现新的流程、地质构造建模贯穿解释工作的始终、深度域解释与全三维"体"解释将全面得到普及与应用。
Petroleum seismogeology is one of the highly integrated system sciences.With rapid development in the past decades,this discipline has been introduced practically into almost every field of petroleum exploration and domain of oil-gas field development.Thus,petroleum seismogeology has been a newly rising marginal discipline with great practicability and vitality.The paper briefly introduces recent advances of this discipline in structural interpretation,sedimentology,reservoir characterization,development seismology and non-conventional hydrocarbon seismic exploration,and discusses relevant technical issues.It is proposed that petroleum seismogeology has entered a new era in techno-methodology,which refcected by new working flows occurring in techniques of seismic interpretation,geological structure modeling running through the whole procedure of interpretation,popularization and application of depth-domain interpretation and full 3D volume interpretation.
Petroleum seismogeology is one of the highly integrated system sciences.With rapid development in the past decades,this discipline has been introduced practically into almost every field of petroleum exploration and domain of oil-gas field development.Thus,petroleum seismogeology has been a newly rising marginal discipline with great practicability and vitality.The paper briefly introduces recent advances of this discipline in structural interpretation,sedimentology,reservoir characterization,development seismology and non-conventional hydrocarbon seismic exploration,and discusses relevant technical issues.It is proposed that petroleum seismogeology has entered a new era in techno-methodology,which refcected by new working flows occurring in techniques of seismic interpretation,geological structure modeling running through the whole procedure of interpretation,popularization and application of depth-domain interpretation and full 3D volume interpretation.
引文
[1]袁秉衡,安延恺.地震地质的内涵与外延[J].石油学报,1982,3(增):34-41.Yuan Bingheng,An Yankai.On seismic geology[J].Acta PetroleiSinica,1982,3(Supplement):34-41.
[2]袁秉衡,孙廷举.论石油地震地质学[J].石油与天然气地质,1986,7(4):379-385.Yuan Bingheng,Sun Tingju.Discussion on petroleum seismoge-ology[J].Oil&Gas Geology,1986,7(4):379-385.
[3]谭试典.略论石油地震地质学[J].新疆石油地质,2004,25(5):557-559.Tan Shidian.An outline of petroleum seismic geology[J].Xin-jiang Petroleum Geology,2004,25(5):557-559.
[4]袁秉衡,林梁,刘秋生.重要的油气圈闭——不整合圈闭[J].石油勘探开发,1985,6(1):1-7.Yuan Bingheng,Lin Liang,Liu Qiusheng.An important oil andgas trap—unconformity trap[J].Petroleum Exploration and De-velopment,1985,6(1):1-7.
[5]李庆忠.走向精确勘探的道路[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1993.Li Qingzhong.The way to obtain a better resolution in seismicprospecting[J].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1993.
[6]李庆忠,张进.岩性油气田勘探——河道砂储集层的研究方法[M].青岛:中国海洋大学出版社,2006:130.Li Qingzhong,Zhang Jin.Exploration method of lithological oil andgas field[M].Qingdao:China Ocean University Press,2006:130.
[7]林承焰,张宪国,董春梅.地震沉积学及其初步应用[J].石油学报,2007,28(2):69-72.Lin Chengyan,Zhang Xianguo,Dong Chunmei.Concept of seis-mic sedimentology and its preliminary application[J].Acta Pe-trolei Sinica,2007,28(2):69-72.
[8]钱荣钧.对地震切片解释中一些问题的分析[J].石油地球物理勘探,2007,42(4):482-487.Qian Rongjun.Analysis of some issues in interpretation of seismicslices[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2007,42(4):482-487.
[9]段玉顺,包守斌.90°相移技术及其在地震解释中的应用[J].西安石油大学学报:自然科学版,2008,23(增):139-142.Duan Yushun,Bao Shoubin.90°phasing technique and its applica-tion in seismic data interpretation[J].Journal of Xi’an Shiyou Uni-versity:Natural Science Edition,2008,23(Supplement):139-442.
[10]徐礼贵,夏义平,刘万辉.综合利用地球物理资料解释叠合盆地深层火山岩[J].石油地球物理勘探,2009,44(1):70-74.Xu Ligui,Xa Yiping,Liu Wanhui.Integrative application of geo-physical prospecting data to interpret deep volcanic rock in super-posed basin[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2009,44(1):70-74.
[11]朱筱敏,刘长利,张义娜,等.地震沉积学在陆相湖盆三角洲砂体预测中的应用[J].沉积学报,2009,27(5):915-921.Zhu Xiaomin,Liu Changli,Zhang Yina,et al.On seismic sedim-entology of lacustrine deltaic depositional system[J].Acta Sedi-mentologica Sinica,2009,27(5):915-921.
[12]罗群,黄捍东.地震成藏学的提出与应用[J].石油学报,2009,30(6):876-881.Luo Qun,Huang Handong.Research on seismic-petroleum accu-mulation and its application[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2009,30(6):876-881.
[13]杨杰,卫平生,李相博.石油地震地质学的基本概念、内容和研究方法[J].岩性油气藏,2010,22(1):1-6.Yang Jie,Wei Pingsheng,Li Xiangbo.Basic concept,content andresearch method of petroleum seismogeology[J].Lithologic Res-ervoirs,2010,22(1):1-6.
[14]周义军,蒲仁海,曾令邦.叠前属性描述技术在岩性气藏勘探中的研究与应用[J].地球物理学进展,2011,26(1):229-239.Zhou Yijun,Pu Renhai,Zeng Lingbang.The research and appli-cation of pre-stack attribute delineation techniques in the explo-ration for lithologic gas reservoirs[J].Progress in Geophysics,2011,26(1):229-239.
[15]刘运宏,刘永雷,吕东,等.缝洞体量化技术在塔中碳酸盐岩油气储量研究中的应用[J].新疆石油地质,2011,32(3):288-290.Liu Yunhong,Liu Yonglei,LüDong,et al.Application of frac-ture-cave quantitative technique to reserves study of carbonatereservoirs in Tazhong area,Tarim Basin[J].Xinjiang PetroleumGeology,2011,32(3):288-290.
[16]李建雄,谷跃民,党虎强,等.高密度井网开发区井震联合储层预测方法——以SL盆地JN2区块为例[J].石油地球物理勘探,2011,46(3):457-462.Li Jianxiong,Gu Yuemin,Dang Huqiang,et al.Well seismic andsurface seismic joint prediction for reservoir rock in a develop-ment area with denser producers:case study of Block JN2 in SLBasin[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2011,46(3):457-462.
[17]曾洪流.地震沉积学在中国:回顾和展望[J].沉积学报,2011,29(3):417-426.Zeng Hongliu.Seismic sedimentology in China:a review[J].ActaSedimentological Sinica,2011,29(3):417-426.
[18]韩文功,张建宁.砂岩储层地震学方法与应用[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2011.Han Wengong,Zhang Jianning.Method and application of sand-stone reservoir seismology[M].Beijing:Petroleum IndustryPress,2011.
[19]李建雄,崔全章,魏小东.地震属性在微断层解释中的应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2011,46(6):925-929.Li Jianxiong,Cui Quanzhang,Wei Xiaodong.Application of seis-mic attributes in micro-fault interpretation[J].Oil GeophysicalProspecting,2011,46(6):925-929.
[20]纪学武,张延庆,臧殿光,等.四川龙岗西区碳酸盐岩礁、滩体识别技术[J].石油地球物理勘探,2012,47(2):309-314.Ji Xuewu,Zhang Yanqing,Zang Dianguang,et al.Carbonate reef-shoal reservoir identification in western Longgang,Sichuan Basin[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2012,47(2):309-314.
[21]李德春,杨书江,胡祖志,等.三维重磁电震的联合解释——以库车大北地区山前砾石层为例[J].石油地球物理勘探,2012,47(2):353-359.Li Dechun,Yang Shujiang,Hu Zuzhi,et al.Integrated interpretationof 3D gravity,magnetic,electromagnetic and seismic data:a case studyof conglomerate mass investigation in piedmont area of Kuche depres-sion[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2012,47(2):353-359.
[22]Nilsen T H,Sylvester A G.Strike-slip basin,Part 2[J].The LeadingEdge,1999,18(11):1258-1267.
[23]Xia Y,Wang G,Callot J P,et al.Analogue and seismic modelingof the Kuche fold and thrust belt(North Tarim,China)[R].AAPG,2012.
[24]Vail P R.Seismic stratigraphy interpretation using sequence stra-tigraphy,Part I:Seismic stratigraphy interpretation procedure[G]∥Bally A W.Atlas of seismic stratigraphy.AAPG studies inGeology 27,1987:1-11.
[25]Vail P R,Mitchum Jr R M,Todd R G,et al.Seismic stratigraphyand global changes in sea level[G]∥Peyton C E.Seismic stratig-raphy—application to hydrocarbon exploration.AAPG Memoir26,1977:49-205.
[26]纪友亮.陆相断陷湖盆层序地层学[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1996.Ji Youliang.Sequence stratigraphy of nonmarine fault-depressionlacustrine basin[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1996.
[27]Zeng H,Backus M M,Barrow K T,et al.Strata slicing;Part I:realistic 3D seismic model[J].Geophysics,1998,63(2):502-513.
[28]Zeng H,Henry S C,Riola J P.Stratal slicing;Part II:real 3Dseismic data[J].Geophysics,1998,63(2):514-522.
[29]Posamentier H W.Seismic geomorphology and depositional sys-tems of deep water environments;observations from offshoreNigeria,Gulf of Mexico,and Indonesia[R].AAPG Annual Con-vention Program,2001.
[30]赵秀岐,周海民,张军勇.洪泽凹陷管镇次凹水下扇地震识别技术[J].石油地球物理勘探,2005,40(增):86-90.Zhao Xiuqi,Zhou Haijun,Zhang Junyong.Seismic identificationtechnique for sub-water fan in Guanzhen subsag of Hongze de-pression[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2005,40(Supple-ment):86-90.
[31]Roberts A.Curvature attributes and their application to3D inter-pretated horizon[J].First Break,2001 19(2):85-100.
[32]Sherkati S,Letougey J.Variation of structural style and basin evolu-tion in the central Zagros(Izch zone and Dezful Embagment),Iran[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2004,21(5):535-554.
[33]Marfart K J,Chopra S.Seismic attribute mapping of structureand stratigraphy[R].SEG/EAGE,2006.
[34]Chopra S,Marfart K J.Seismic attributes for prospect indentifi-cation and reservoir characterization[R].SEG/EAGE,2007.
[35]Chopra S,Marfurt K J.Volumetric curvature attributes add value to3D seismic data interpretation[J].The Leading Edge,2007,26(6):856-867.
[2]袁秉衡,孙廷举.论石油地震地质学[J].石油与天然气地质,1986,7(4):379-385.Yuan Bingheng,Sun Tingju.Discussion on petroleum seismoge-ology[J].Oil&Gas Geology,1986,7(4):379-385.
[3]谭试典.略论石油地震地质学[J].新疆石油地质,2004,25(5):557-559.Tan Shidian.An outline of petroleum seismic geology[J].Xin-jiang Petroleum Geology,2004,25(5):557-559.
[4]袁秉衡,林梁,刘秋生.重要的油气圈闭——不整合圈闭[J].石油勘探开发,1985,6(1):1-7.Yuan Bingheng,Lin Liang,Liu Qiusheng.An important oil andgas trap—unconformity trap[J].Petroleum Exploration and De-velopment,1985,6(1):1-7.
[5]李庆忠.走向精确勘探的道路[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1993.Li Qingzhong.The way to obtain a better resolution in seismicprospecting[J].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1993.
[6]李庆忠,张进.岩性油气田勘探——河道砂储集层的研究方法[M].青岛:中国海洋大学出版社,2006:130.Li Qingzhong,Zhang Jin.Exploration method of lithological oil andgas field[M].Qingdao:China Ocean University Press,2006:130.
[7]林承焰,张宪国,董春梅.地震沉积学及其初步应用[J].石油学报,2007,28(2):69-72.Lin Chengyan,Zhang Xianguo,Dong Chunmei.Concept of seis-mic sedimentology and its preliminary application[J].Acta Pe-trolei Sinica,2007,28(2):69-72.
[8]钱荣钧.对地震切片解释中一些问题的分析[J].石油地球物理勘探,2007,42(4):482-487.Qian Rongjun.Analysis of some issues in interpretation of seismicslices[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2007,42(4):482-487.
[9]段玉顺,包守斌.90°相移技术及其在地震解释中的应用[J].西安石油大学学报:自然科学版,2008,23(增):139-142.Duan Yushun,Bao Shoubin.90°phasing technique and its applica-tion in seismic data interpretation[J].Journal of Xi’an Shiyou Uni-versity:Natural Science Edition,2008,23(Supplement):139-442.
[10]徐礼贵,夏义平,刘万辉.综合利用地球物理资料解释叠合盆地深层火山岩[J].石油地球物理勘探,2009,44(1):70-74.Xu Ligui,Xa Yiping,Liu Wanhui.Integrative application of geo-physical prospecting data to interpret deep volcanic rock in super-posed basin[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2009,44(1):70-74.
[11]朱筱敏,刘长利,张义娜,等.地震沉积学在陆相湖盆三角洲砂体预测中的应用[J].沉积学报,2009,27(5):915-921.Zhu Xiaomin,Liu Changli,Zhang Yina,et al.On seismic sedim-entology of lacustrine deltaic depositional system[J].Acta Sedi-mentologica Sinica,2009,27(5):915-921.
[12]罗群,黄捍东.地震成藏学的提出与应用[J].石油学报,2009,30(6):876-881.Luo Qun,Huang Handong.Research on seismic-petroleum accu-mulation and its application[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2009,30(6):876-881.
[13]杨杰,卫平生,李相博.石油地震地质学的基本概念、内容和研究方法[J].岩性油气藏,2010,22(1):1-6.Yang Jie,Wei Pingsheng,Li Xiangbo.Basic concept,content andresearch method of petroleum seismogeology[J].Lithologic Res-ervoirs,2010,22(1):1-6.
[14]周义军,蒲仁海,曾令邦.叠前属性描述技术在岩性气藏勘探中的研究与应用[J].地球物理学进展,2011,26(1):229-239.Zhou Yijun,Pu Renhai,Zeng Lingbang.The research and appli-cation of pre-stack attribute delineation techniques in the explo-ration for lithologic gas reservoirs[J].Progress in Geophysics,2011,26(1):229-239.
[15]刘运宏,刘永雷,吕东,等.缝洞体量化技术在塔中碳酸盐岩油气储量研究中的应用[J].新疆石油地质,2011,32(3):288-290.Liu Yunhong,Liu Yonglei,LüDong,et al.Application of frac-ture-cave quantitative technique to reserves study of carbonatereservoirs in Tazhong area,Tarim Basin[J].Xinjiang PetroleumGeology,2011,32(3):288-290.
[16]李建雄,谷跃民,党虎强,等.高密度井网开发区井震联合储层预测方法——以SL盆地JN2区块为例[J].石油地球物理勘探,2011,46(3):457-462.Li Jianxiong,Gu Yuemin,Dang Huqiang,et al.Well seismic andsurface seismic joint prediction for reservoir rock in a develop-ment area with denser producers:case study of Block JN2 in SLBasin[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2011,46(3):457-462.
[17]曾洪流.地震沉积学在中国:回顾和展望[J].沉积学报,2011,29(3):417-426.Zeng Hongliu.Seismic sedimentology in China:a review[J].ActaSedimentological Sinica,2011,29(3):417-426.
[18]韩文功,张建宁.砂岩储层地震学方法与应用[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2011.Han Wengong,Zhang Jianning.Method and application of sand-stone reservoir seismology[M].Beijing:Petroleum IndustryPress,2011.
[19]李建雄,崔全章,魏小东.地震属性在微断层解释中的应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2011,46(6):925-929.Li Jianxiong,Cui Quanzhang,Wei Xiaodong.Application of seis-mic attributes in micro-fault interpretation[J].Oil GeophysicalProspecting,2011,46(6):925-929.
[20]纪学武,张延庆,臧殿光,等.四川龙岗西区碳酸盐岩礁、滩体识别技术[J].石油地球物理勘探,2012,47(2):309-314.Ji Xuewu,Zhang Yanqing,Zang Dianguang,et al.Carbonate reef-shoal reservoir identification in western Longgang,Sichuan Basin[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2012,47(2):309-314.
[21]李德春,杨书江,胡祖志,等.三维重磁电震的联合解释——以库车大北地区山前砾石层为例[J].石油地球物理勘探,2012,47(2):353-359.Li Dechun,Yang Shujiang,Hu Zuzhi,et al.Integrated interpretationof 3D gravity,magnetic,electromagnetic and seismic data:a case studyof conglomerate mass investigation in piedmont area of Kuche depres-sion[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2012,47(2):353-359.
[22]Nilsen T H,Sylvester A G.Strike-slip basin,Part 2[J].The LeadingEdge,1999,18(11):1258-1267.
[23]Xia Y,Wang G,Callot J P,et al.Analogue and seismic modelingof the Kuche fold and thrust belt(North Tarim,China)[R].AAPG,2012.
[24]Vail P R.Seismic stratigraphy interpretation using sequence stra-tigraphy,Part I:Seismic stratigraphy interpretation procedure[G]∥Bally A W.Atlas of seismic stratigraphy.AAPG studies inGeology 27,1987:1-11.
[25]Vail P R,Mitchum Jr R M,Todd R G,et al.Seismic stratigraphyand global changes in sea level[G]∥Peyton C E.Seismic stratig-raphy—application to hydrocarbon exploration.AAPG Memoir26,1977:49-205.
[26]纪友亮.陆相断陷湖盆层序地层学[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1996.Ji Youliang.Sequence stratigraphy of nonmarine fault-depressionlacustrine basin[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1996.
[27]Zeng H,Backus M M,Barrow K T,et al.Strata slicing;Part I:realistic 3D seismic model[J].Geophysics,1998,63(2):502-513.
[28]Zeng H,Henry S C,Riola J P.Stratal slicing;Part II:real 3Dseismic data[J].Geophysics,1998,63(2):514-522.
[29]Posamentier H W.Seismic geomorphology and depositional sys-tems of deep water environments;observations from offshoreNigeria,Gulf of Mexico,and Indonesia[R].AAPG Annual Con-vention Program,2001.
[30]赵秀岐,周海民,张军勇.洪泽凹陷管镇次凹水下扇地震识别技术[J].石油地球物理勘探,2005,40(增):86-90.Zhao Xiuqi,Zhou Haijun,Zhang Junyong.Seismic identificationtechnique for sub-water fan in Guanzhen subsag of Hongze de-pression[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2005,40(Supple-ment):86-90.
[31]Roberts A.Curvature attributes and their application to3D inter-pretated horizon[J].First Break,2001 19(2):85-100.
[32]Sherkati S,Letougey J.Variation of structural style and basin evolu-tion in the central Zagros(Izch zone and Dezful Embagment),Iran[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2004,21(5):535-554.
[33]Marfart K J,Chopra S.Seismic attribute mapping of structureand stratigraphy[R].SEG/EAGE,2006.
[34]Chopra S,Marfart K J.Seismic attributes for prospect indentifi-cation and reservoir characterization[R].SEG/EAGE,2007.
[35]Chopra S,Marfurt K J.Volumetric curvature attributes add value to3D seismic data interpretation[J].The Leading Edge,2007,26(6):856-867.
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