利用地震波研究地壳内部应力状态的方法(综述)
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摘要
<正> 地壳中的构造现象和地震的发生均为地壳内部应力作用的结果。研究地壳内部的应力场应力场状态、应力场随时间和空间的分布变化规律,以及地震在什么样的应力状态下发生是解决地震预报问题的关键问题。而了解地壳表层应力的形成和分布规律,应力的大小和变化特征,对于解决地质工程问题具有很重要的意义。目前研究地球内部应力及应力场的方法主要有以下四大类。 (1) 实地直接测定钻孔中的应力状态。 (2) 利用地球物理观测获得的地震学、重力学及地热学资料推断地球内部的应力状态。 (3) 利用地质学方法,推断产生现代构造运动的应力场。 (4) 在实验室研究地壳内部岩石的脆破裂,高温高压下物质的流动规律,岩组测压技
The crustal stress state can be estimated by using seismic data including focal mechanism solution, S-wave splitting (for obtaining stress orientation), seismic stress drop, and seismic wave for calculating the value of ambient stresses. These methods and their recent progress have been reviewed in this paper.
The crustal stress state can be estimated by using seismic data including focal mechanism solution, S-wave splitting (for obtaining stress orientation), seismic stress drop, and seismic wave for calculating the value of ambient stresses. These methods and their recent progress have been reviewed in this paper.
引文
[1] 宋惠珍、黄立人、华祥文,《地应力场综合研究》,石油工业出版社,1990。
[2] ZOBACK M.L. First-and Second-Order Patterns of Stress in the Lithosphere: The World Stress Map Project, J.G.R. Vol.97． No.B8,11703～11728． 1992．
[3] 汪素云、许忠淮,中国大陆东部大陆的地震构造应力场,地震学报,Vol.17,No.1,1985。
[4] Ellsworth,W.L., and Xu Zhonghuai, Determination of the stress tensor from focal mechanism Data, EOS. Trans. Amer. Geophys. Union.,61, 1981．
[5] 许忠淮,用滑动方向拟合法反演唐山余震区的平均应力场,地震学报,Vol.7,No.4,1985。
[6] J.L. Richard, New method of estimating regional stress orientations application to focal mechanism data of recent British earthquakes, Geophys. J. Int., 110, 276～282, 1992．
[7] Rivera. L. and Cisternas A. ,Stress Tensor and Fault Plane Solution for Population of Earthquakes, B.S.S.A., Vol.80, No.3, 600～614, 1990．
[8] Z.-M. Yin A improved method for the determination of the tectonic stress field from focal mechanism data. Geophys.J.Int., 125, 841～849, 1996．
[9] Crampin,S.,Effective anisotropic elastic constants for wave propagation through cracked solids, Geophys. J.R. astron.Soc., 76, 135～145, 1984．
[10] Crampin S. and Lovell J.H. A decade of shear-wave splitting in the Earth's crust; What use can we make of it? And what should we do next? Geophys.J.Int., 107(3) 387～407, 1991．
[11] Li, Y-G and Leary P.G., and Henyey.T.L. Stress orientation inferred from shear wave splitting in basement rock at CAJON PASS. Geophys.Res. Letts. Vol. 15, No.9, 997～1000, supp. 1988．
[12] Wingter D.F. and Meadows. M.A. shear-wave polarizations and subsurface stress direction at lost hills field. Geophys. Vol.56, No.9, 1991．
[13] Crampin S. and Evans. R.,Earthquake prediction; A new physical basis, Geophys.J.R.astr. Soc. 76, 147～156, 1984．
[14] 高原、郑斯华、孙勇,唐山地区地壳裂隙各向异性,地震学报,Vol.17,No.3,283～293,1995。
[15] 姚陈、王培德、陈运泰,卢龙地区S波偏振与上地壳裂隙各向异性,地球物理学报,Vol.35,No.2,305～315,1992。
[16] 陈天长,震后横波偏振的时间变化,陈运泰等主编,中国地球物理进展,北京:海洋出版社,352 ～357,1994．
[17] 高原、郑斯华、王培德,海南省东方地区1992年小震群剪切波分裂研究,地球物理学报,Vol.39,No.2,1996。
[18] Boatwright J.,Seismic estimate of stress release. J.G.R. Vol.89, No.B8, 6961～6968, 1984．
[19] Brune ,J.N., Tectonic stress and the spectral of seismic shear waves from earthquake. J.G.R., Vol.75, No.26, 1970．
[20] Kanamri Hiroo,The energy release in Great Earthquakes, J.G.R., Vol.82, No.20, 1977．
[21] Max Wyss Stress in the Earth, Pure and Applied Geophysics, Special Issue, Vol.115, No.1 / 2, 1977．
[22] 秦嘉政、刘祖荫、钱晓东、谢庆茵,由峰值速度估计估算地震应力降,Vol.19,No.5,1997。
[23] 陈培善、谷继成、李文香,从断裂力学观点研究地震的破裂过程和地震预报,地球物理学报,Vol.20,No.3,185～202,1977。
[24] 陈培善、分析地震波估算地壳内的应力值。地震学报,Vol.3,No.3,351～263,1981。
[25] 陈培善、陈海通,由二维破裂模式导出的地震定标律.地震学报,Vol.11,No.4,337～350,1989。
[26] 陈培善、白彤霞,震源参数之间的定量关系,地震学报,Vol.13,No.4,401～411,1991。
[27] 陈培善、S.J.Duda,地震辐射能对环境应力场的依赖性,地震学报,Vol.15,No.2,146～152,1993。
[28] 陈培善、S.J.Duda,峰值速度和加速度对环境应力值的依赖性。地球物理学报,Vol.36,No.2,185～194,1993．
[29] 陈培善、陈海通,由环境应力值寻找地震危险区的尝试,地震地磁观测与研究,Vol.13,No.6,1～10,1992。
[2] ZOBACK M.L. First-and Second-Order Patterns of Stress in the Lithosphere: The World Stress Map Project, J.G.R. Vol.97． No.B8,11703～11728． 1992．
[3] 汪素云、许忠淮,中国大陆东部大陆的地震构造应力场,地震学报,Vol.17,No.1,1985。
[4] Ellsworth,W.L., and Xu Zhonghuai, Determination of the stress tensor from focal mechanism Data, EOS. Trans. Amer. Geophys. Union.,61, 1981．
[5] 许忠淮,用滑动方向拟合法反演唐山余震区的平均应力场,地震学报,Vol.7,No.4,1985。
[6] J.L. Richard, New method of estimating regional stress orientations application to focal mechanism data of recent British earthquakes, Geophys. J. Int., 110, 276～282, 1992．
[7] Rivera. L. and Cisternas A. ,Stress Tensor and Fault Plane Solution for Population of Earthquakes, B.S.S.A., Vol.80, No.3, 600～614, 1990．
[8] Z.-M. Yin A improved method for the determination of the tectonic stress field from focal mechanism data. Geophys.J.Int., 125, 841～849, 1996．
[9] Crampin,S.,Effective anisotropic elastic constants for wave propagation through cracked solids, Geophys. J.R. astron.Soc., 76, 135～145, 1984．
[10] Crampin S. and Lovell J.H. A decade of shear-wave splitting in the Earth's crust; What use can we make of it? And what should we do next? Geophys.J.Int., 107(3) 387～407, 1991．
[11] Li, Y-G and Leary P.G., and Henyey.T.L. Stress orientation inferred from shear wave splitting in basement rock at CAJON PASS. Geophys.Res. Letts. Vol. 15, No.9, 997～1000, supp. 1988．
[12] Wingter D.F. and Meadows. M.A. shear-wave polarizations and subsurface stress direction at lost hills field. Geophys. Vol.56, No.9, 1991．
[13] Crampin S. and Evans. R.,Earthquake prediction; A new physical basis, Geophys.J.R.astr. Soc. 76, 147～156, 1984．
[14] 高原、郑斯华、孙勇,唐山地区地壳裂隙各向异性,地震学报,Vol.17,No.3,283～293,1995。
[15] 姚陈、王培德、陈运泰,卢龙地区S波偏振与上地壳裂隙各向异性,地球物理学报,Vol.35,No.2,305～315,1992。
[16] 陈天长,震后横波偏振的时间变化,陈运泰等主编,中国地球物理进展,北京:海洋出版社,352 ～357,1994．
[17] 高原、郑斯华、王培德,海南省东方地区1992年小震群剪切波分裂研究,地球物理学报,Vol.39,No.2,1996。
[18] Boatwright J.,Seismic estimate of stress release. J.G.R. Vol.89, No.B8, 6961～6968, 1984．
[19] Brune ,J.N., Tectonic stress and the spectral of seismic shear waves from earthquake. J.G.R., Vol.75, No.26, 1970．
[20] Kanamri Hiroo,The energy release in Great Earthquakes, J.G.R., Vol.82, No.20, 1977．
[21] Max Wyss Stress in the Earth, Pure and Applied Geophysics, Special Issue, Vol.115, No.1 / 2, 1977．
[22] 秦嘉政、刘祖荫、钱晓东、谢庆茵,由峰值速度估计估算地震应力降,Vol.19,No.5,1997。
[23] 陈培善、谷继成、李文香,从断裂力学观点研究地震的破裂过程和地震预报,地球物理学报,Vol.20,No.3,185～202,1977。
[24] 陈培善、分析地震波估算地壳内的应力值。地震学报,Vol.3,No.3,351～263,1981。
[25] 陈培善、陈海通,由二维破裂模式导出的地震定标律.地震学报,Vol.11,No.4,337～350,1989。
[26] 陈培善、白彤霞,震源参数之间的定量关系,地震学报,Vol.13,No.4,401～411,1991。
[27] 陈培善、S.J.Duda,地震辐射能对环境应力场的依赖性,地震学报,Vol.15,No.2,146～152,1993。
[28] 陈培善、S.J.Duda,峰值速度和加速度对环境应力值的依赖性。地球物理学报,Vol.36,No.2,185～194,1993．
[29] 陈培善、陈海通,由环境应力值寻找地震危险区的尝试,地震地磁观测与研究,Vol.13,No.6,1～10,1992。
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