基于D-InSAR技术的伊朗巴姆地震地表形变监测
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摘要
以伊朗巴姆地区为例,对伊朗巴姆地震造成的地表形变进行了差分干涉测量,得到了垂直向的同震三维形变场,并运用GIS三维分析技术对形变场进行了分析。实验结果表明,地震在巴姆城市的东侧造成了较大形变,在西侧也产生了微量形变。巴姆城市北部地块沉降,南部地块隆起。同时在巴姆城市南部可明显看到地震造成的断层。实验结果验证了基于C波段的SAR数据的D-InSAR技术在干燥地区监测地表形变方面的可行性。本文对产生去相关效应的原因进行了解释,认为对于干燥少植被的地区干涉效果较好。并指出,如果能够通过技术进步提高雷达干涉测量的精度并降低观测成本,同时将该技术与GPS、GIS等技术相结合,从而更好地研究形变机理,这将对地质灾害的研究产生重大意义。
Taking Bam earthquake as an example, we generated the coseismic deformation map along the vertical direction caused by M S 6.7 earthquake using InSAR technology and analyzed the deformation map with GIS 3-D technology. The results suggested that, the earthquake has produced large deformation on the east of Bam city, and small deformation on the west of Bam city. The northern block of Bam subsided and the southern block uplifted. The fault caused by Bam earthquake was shown clearly in the deformation map. This result verifies the feasibility of detecting surface deformation using D-InSAR technology based on C band SAR images. In this paper we discussed the decorrelation effect, and pointed out that the InSAR was suitable for the area which was dry and with little vegetation. Finally, we concluded out that in order to study the deformation mechanism better, the InSAR technique should be combined with other techniques, such as GPS and GIS.
Taking Bam earthquake as an example, we generated the coseismic deformation map along the vertical direction caused by M S 6.7 earthquake using InSAR technology and analyzed the deformation map with GIS 3-D technology. The results suggested that, the earthquake has produced large deformation on the east of Bam city, and small deformation on the west of Bam city. The northern block of Bam subsided and the southern block uplifted. The fault caused by Bam earthquake was shown clearly in the deformation map. This result verifies the feasibility of detecting surface deformation using D-InSAR technology based on C band SAR images. In this paper we discussed the decorrelation effect, and pointed out that the InSAR was suitable for the area which was dry and with little vegetation. Finally, we concluded out that in order to study the deformation mechanism better, the InSAR technique should be combined with other techniques, such as GPS and GIS.
引文
查显杰,2007.InSAR形变测量及其在地震学中应用的研究.合肥:中国科学技术大学.
何秀凤,何敏,2012.InSAR对地观测数据处理方法.北京:科学出版社.
季灵运,许建东,2009.利用D-InSAR和AZO技术获取Bam地震同震三维形变场.大地测量地球动力学,29(6)40—44.
李毅,柳林涛,薛怀平等,2008.用D-InSAR研究巴姆地震形变场.大地测量与地球动力学,28(1):32—35.
刘大杰,胡丛玮,1999.应用GPS监测城市地表形变的初步分析.地壳形变与地震,19(1):37—42.
刘国祥,2006.利用雷达干涉技术监测区域地表形变.北京:测绘出版社.
刘国祥,丁晓利,李志伟等,2002.ERS卫星雷达干涉测量:1999年台湾集集大地震震前和同震地表位移.地球物理学报,45(增刊):165—174.
凌勇,曾祺明,罗扬,赵永红,2006.巴姆地震变形场和应力场:Ⅰ.用差分干涉雷达和Okada方法求解.岩石学报,22(9):2367—2374.
罗扬,施旭,赵永红,2006.巴姆地震变形场和应力场:Ⅱ.用FEPG有限元方法求解.岩石学报,22(9):2375—2380.
马超,单新建,2004.星载合成孔径雷达差分干涉测量(D-InSAR)技术在形变监测中的应用概述.中国地震,20(4):410—418.
单新建,柳稼航,马超,2004.2001年昆仑山口西8.1级地震同震形变场特征的初步分析.地震学报,26(5):474—480.
邵芸,谭衢霖,刘浩等,2002.雷达差分干涉测量技术及其应用研究——以1997年西藏玛尼7.9级地震区域形变测量为例.地球物理学报,45(增刊):205—213.
舒宁,2003.雷达影像干涉测量原理.武汉:武汉大学出版社.
孙建宝,梁芳,沈正康等,2008.汶川M S8.0地震InSAR形变观测及初步分析.地震地质,30(3):789—795.
王超,张红,刘智,2002.星载合成孔径雷达干涉测量.北京:科学出版社.
王志勇,张继贤,张永红等,2008.伊朗巴姆6.5级地震同震形变场的获取与解译.地震研究,31(1):70—76.
张保淑,2009.科技之谜:追寻巴姆古城堡.http://www.people.com.cn/GB/keji/1058/2284182.html.
张红,王超,刘智,2002.获取张北地震同震形变场的差分干涉测量技术.中国图象图形学报,5A(6):497—500.
Bam(Iran),December2003[2009-04-26].http://earth.esa.int/ew/earthquakes/Bam_Iran_Earth-quake.
Ito Y.,Hosokawa M.,2003.A degree-of-damage estimation model of earthquake damage using interferometric SAR data.Electrical Engineering in Japan,143(3):49—57.
Klees R.,Massonnet D.,1999.Deformation measurements using SAR interferometry:potenital and limitation.Geologie en Mijnbouw,77(2):161—176.
Zebker H.A.,Rousen P.,1994.On the derivation of coseismic displacement fields using differential radar interferometry:The Landers earthquake.Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium,1994.IGARSS'94.Surface and Atmospheric Remote Sensing:Technologies,Data Analysis and Interpretation.1:286—288.
何秀凤,何敏,2012.InSAR对地观测数据处理方法.北京:科学出版社.
季灵运,许建东,2009.利用D-InSAR和AZO技术获取Bam地震同震三维形变场.大地测量地球动力学,29(6)40—44.
李毅,柳林涛,薛怀平等,2008.用D-InSAR研究巴姆地震形变场.大地测量与地球动力学,28(1):32—35.
刘大杰,胡丛玮,1999.应用GPS监测城市地表形变的初步分析.地壳形变与地震,19(1):37—42.
刘国祥,2006.利用雷达干涉技术监测区域地表形变.北京:测绘出版社.
刘国祥,丁晓利,李志伟等,2002.ERS卫星雷达干涉测量:1999年台湾集集大地震震前和同震地表位移.地球物理学报,45(增刊):165—174.
凌勇,曾祺明,罗扬,赵永红,2006.巴姆地震变形场和应力场:Ⅰ.用差分干涉雷达和Okada方法求解.岩石学报,22(9):2367—2374.
罗扬,施旭,赵永红,2006.巴姆地震变形场和应力场:Ⅱ.用FEPG有限元方法求解.岩石学报,22(9):2375—2380.
马超,单新建,2004.星载合成孔径雷达差分干涉测量(D-InSAR)技术在形变监测中的应用概述.中国地震,20(4):410—418.
单新建,柳稼航,马超,2004.2001年昆仑山口西8.1级地震同震形变场特征的初步分析.地震学报,26(5):474—480.
邵芸,谭衢霖,刘浩等,2002.雷达差分干涉测量技术及其应用研究——以1997年西藏玛尼7.9级地震区域形变测量为例.地球物理学报,45(增刊):205—213.
舒宁,2003.雷达影像干涉测量原理.武汉:武汉大学出版社.
孙建宝,梁芳,沈正康等,2008.汶川M S8.0地震InSAR形变观测及初步分析.地震地质,30(3):789—795.
王超,张红,刘智,2002.星载合成孔径雷达干涉测量.北京:科学出版社.
王志勇,张继贤,张永红等,2008.伊朗巴姆6.5级地震同震形变场的获取与解译.地震研究,31(1):70—76.
张保淑,2009.科技之谜:追寻巴姆古城堡.http://www.people.com.cn/GB/keji/1058/2284182.html.
张红,王超,刘智,2002.获取张北地震同震形变场的差分干涉测量技术.中国图象图形学报,5A(6):497—500.
Bam(Iran),December2003[2009-04-26].http://earth.esa.int/ew/earthquakes/Bam_Iran_Earth-quake.
Ito Y.,Hosokawa M.,2003.A degree-of-damage estimation model of earthquake damage using interferometric SAR data.Electrical Engineering in Japan,143(3):49—57.
Klees R.,Massonnet D.,1999.Deformation measurements using SAR interferometry:potenital and limitation.Geologie en Mijnbouw,77(2):161—176.
Zebker H.A.,Rousen P.,1994.On the derivation of coseismic displacement fields using differential radar interferometry:The Landers earthquake.Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium,1994.IGARSS'94.Surface and Atmospheric Remote Sensing:Technologies,Data Analysis and Interpretation.1:286—288.
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