高温高压储层的精细地震属性预测技术——以莺歌海盆地为例
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摘要
在莺歌海盆地,随着勘探走向中深层和高温高压领域,利用地震资料进行常规的亮点、AVO、叠前反演等对储层预测、含气性检测出现了精度大幅降低或失灵的情况。为了研究高温高压地层的地震响应特征,有效地解决盆地内高温高压储层的预测和含气性检测问题,通过多砂体精细属性分析,总结了影响本区地震响应的6大主要因素,分别是浅层气及泥底辟、泥岩盖层、砂体耦合、储层厚度、储层物性和储层的含气饱和度。研究中采用了岩石物理分析、地震正演、精细建模的叠前叠后反演等技术,并在此基础上开展了对各种地震信息的分析,然后将各种影响因素一一剥离,以达到去伪存真的目的,最后得到不同条件下地震属性异常所代表的储层厚度、物性及含气性等数据,实现了地震信息与气藏信息的有效对应,达到了预测储层及其含气性的目的。实钻结果表明,利用地震信息剥离技术开展的中深层高温、高压储层预测和含气性检测的精度较高,取得了良好的勘探效果。
Up till now,gas exploration has come to the middle and deep strata under high temperature and high pressure in the Yinggehai Basin,and the conventional methods based on seismic data like Spotlight,AVO,Prestack Inversion,etc.have been questioned by a sharp decline of accuracy or even failures in either reservoir prediction or gas-bearing inspection.In view of this,this paper first analyzes the characteristics of seismic response from the HPHT strata in this study area.Through a fine description of multi-sandbody seismic attributes,6 major factors affecting the seismic response in this study area are thus summarized: shale gas/mud diaper,mudstone caprocks,sandbody coupling,reservoir thickness,reservoir petrophysical properties,and gas saturation of reservoirs.Then,by use of seismic techniques like rock physical analysis,seismic forward modeling,fine modeling of prestack and poststack inversions,and so forth,this paper makes a deep investigation into all kinds of seismic data and from which such sufficiently genuine factors are discovered as the thickness,petrophysical properties,and gas saturation of reservoirs through the abnormality of seismic attributes under various conditions.In this way,effective correspondence between seismic data and the information of gas reservoirs is achieved and finally both gas reservoirs and their gas saturation are predicted accurately.The actual drilling results demonstrate that this study provides a good seismic prediction method with a high accuracy rate for gas exploration in this area.
Up till now,gas exploration has come to the middle and deep strata under high temperature and high pressure in the Yinggehai Basin,and the conventional methods based on seismic data like Spotlight,AVO,Prestack Inversion,etc.have been questioned by a sharp decline of accuracy or even failures in either reservoir prediction or gas-bearing inspection.In view of this,this paper first analyzes the characteristics of seismic response from the HPHT strata in this study area.Through a fine description of multi-sandbody seismic attributes,6 major factors affecting the seismic response in this study area are thus summarized: shale gas/mud diaper,mudstone caprocks,sandbody coupling,reservoir thickness,reservoir petrophysical properties,and gas saturation of reservoirs.Then,by use of seismic techniques like rock physical analysis,seismic forward modeling,fine modeling of prestack and poststack inversions,and so forth,this paper makes a deep investigation into all kinds of seismic data and from which such sufficiently genuine factors are discovered as the thickness,petrophysical properties,and gas saturation of reservoirs through the abnormality of seismic attributes under various conditions.In this way,effective correspondence between seismic data and the information of gas reservoirs is achieved and finally both gas reservoirs and their gas saturation are predicted accurately.The actual drilling results demonstrate that this study provides a good seismic prediction method with a high accuracy rate for gas exploration in this area.
引文
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[3]肖思和,许多,李勇,等.基于双相介质的AVO技术在气水储层识别中的探索应用[J].成都理工大学学报:自然科学版,2009,36(5):546-550.XIAO Sihe,XU Duo,LI Yong,et al.Groping application ofAVO method based on two-phase medium to the identifica-tion of gas and water reservoirs[J].Journal of Chengdu U-niversity of Technology:Science&Technology Edition,2009,36(5):546-550.
[4]巫芙蓉,李亚林,王聃,等.AVO属性在致密砂岩储层流体检测中的应用[J].天然气工业,2011,31(5):55-57.WU Furong,LI Yalin,WANG Dan,et al.Application ofAVO attribute to the detection of tight sandstone reservoirs[J].Natural Gas Industry,2011,31(5):55-57.
[5]谢玉洪,王振峰,周家雄,等.多角度同步反演在南海西部气田开发中的应用[J].石油天然气学报:江汉石油学院学报,2006,28(1):37-41.XIE Yuhong,WANG Zhenfeng,ZHOU Jiaxiong,et al.Application of multi-angle synchronous inversion in the gasfield development in the west of South China Sea[J].Jour-nal of Oil and Gas Technology:Journal of Jianghan Petrole-um Institute,2006,28(1):37-41.
[6]刘薇薇,周家雄,马光克,等.东方1-1气田开发地震技术的应用[J].天然气工业,2012,32(8):22-26.LIU Weiwei,ZHOU Jiaxiong,MA Guangke,et al.Appli-cation of seismic techniques to the development of theDongfang 1-1Gas Field,Yinggehai Basin[J].Natural GasIndustry,2012,32(8):22-26.
[7]裴健翔,于俊峰,王立锋,等.莺歌海盆地中深层天然气勘探的关键问题及对策[J].石油学报,2011,32(4):574-579.PEI Jianxiang,YU Junfeng,WANG Lifeng,et al.Keychallenges and strategies for the success of natural gas ex-ploration in mid-deep strata of the Yinggehai Basin[J].Ac-ta Petrolei Sinica,2011,32(4):574-579.
[8]谢玉洪.莺歌海高温超压盆地压力预测模式及成藏新认识[J].天然气工业,2011,31(12):21-25.XIE Yuhong.Models of pressure prediction and new under-standings of hydrocarbon accumulation in the YinggehaiBasin with high temperature and super-high pressure[J].Natural Gas Industry,2011,31(12):21-25.
[9]金博,刘震,李绪深,等.莺歌海盆地地温—地压系统特征及其对天然气成藏的意义[J].天然气地球科学,2008,19(1):49-55.JIN Bo,LIU Zhen,LI Xushen,et al.Relationship betweenaccumulation of natural gas and geotemperature-geopres-sure system in Yinggehai Basin[J].Natural Gas Geosci-ence,2008,19(1):49-55.
[10]何家雄,黄火尧,陈龙操.莺歌海盆地泥底辟发育演化与油气运聚机制[J].沉积学报,1994,12(3):120-129.HE Jiaxiong,HUANG Huoyao,CHEN Longcao.The for-mation and evolution of mud diapir and its relationshipwith hydrocarbon accumulation mechanism in YinggehaiBasin[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,1994,12(3):120-129.
[11]谢玉洪,刘平,黄志龙,等.莺歌海盆地高温超压天然气成藏地质条件及成藏过程[J].天然气工业,2012,32(4):19-23.XIE Yuhong,LIU Ping,HUANG Zhilong,et al.Geolog-ical conditions and pooling process of high-temperatureand overpressure natural gas reservoirs in the YinggehaiBasin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2012,32(4):19-23.
[12]童传新,王振峰,李绪深.莺歌海盆地东方1-1气田成藏条件及其启示[J].天然气工业,2012,32(8):11-15.TONG Chuanxin,WANG Zhenfeng,LI Xushen,et al.Pooling conditions of gas reservoirs in the Dongfang1-1Gas Field,Yinggehai Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2012,32(8):11-15.
[13]周家雄,刘薇薇,孙月成,等.小于地震分辨率极限的薄储集层预测技术[J].新疆石油地质,2010,31(5):554-556.ZHOU Jiaxiong,LIU Weiwei,SUN Yuecheng,et al.Pre-diction of thin reservoir thickness less than seismic resolu-tion limitation[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2010,31(5):554-556.
[14]BATZLE M L,HAN D H,HOFMANN R.Fluid mobili-ty and frequency-dependent seismic velocity:Direct meas-urements[J].Geophysics,2006,71(1):1-9.
[15]夏红敏,王尚旭,李生杰.含气地层的AVO响应分析——以苏4井为例[J].石油物探,2006,45(4):357-361.XIA Hongmin,WANG Shangxu,LI Shengjie.AVO anal-ysis on gas-bearing layer in Su 4well as an example[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2006,45(4):357-361.
[2]潘仁芳.AVO的内涵与外延[J].石油天然气学报:江汉石油学院学报,2006,28(2):50-55.PAN Renfang.Intension and extension of AVO[J].Journalof Oil and Gas Technology:Journal of Jianghan PetroleumInstitute,2006,28(2):50-55.
[3]肖思和,许多,李勇,等.基于双相介质的AVO技术在气水储层识别中的探索应用[J].成都理工大学学报:自然科学版,2009,36(5):546-550.XIAO Sihe,XU Duo,LI Yong,et al.Groping application ofAVO method based on two-phase medium to the identifica-tion of gas and water reservoirs[J].Journal of Chengdu U-niversity of Technology:Science&Technology Edition,2009,36(5):546-550.
[4]巫芙蓉,李亚林,王聃,等.AVO属性在致密砂岩储层流体检测中的应用[J].天然气工业,2011,31(5):55-57.WU Furong,LI Yalin,WANG Dan,et al.Application ofAVO attribute to the detection of tight sandstone reservoirs[J].Natural Gas Industry,2011,31(5):55-57.
[5]谢玉洪,王振峰,周家雄,等.多角度同步反演在南海西部气田开发中的应用[J].石油天然气学报:江汉石油学院学报,2006,28(1):37-41.XIE Yuhong,WANG Zhenfeng,ZHOU Jiaxiong,et al.Application of multi-angle synchronous inversion in the gasfield development in the west of South China Sea[J].Jour-nal of Oil and Gas Technology:Journal of Jianghan Petrole-um Institute,2006,28(1):37-41.
[6]刘薇薇,周家雄,马光克,等.东方1-1气田开发地震技术的应用[J].天然气工业,2012,32(8):22-26.LIU Weiwei,ZHOU Jiaxiong,MA Guangke,et al.Appli-cation of seismic techniques to the development of theDongfang 1-1Gas Field,Yinggehai Basin[J].Natural GasIndustry,2012,32(8):22-26.
[7]裴健翔,于俊峰,王立锋,等.莺歌海盆地中深层天然气勘探的关键问题及对策[J].石油学报,2011,32(4):574-579.PEI Jianxiang,YU Junfeng,WANG Lifeng,et al.Keychallenges and strategies for the success of natural gas ex-ploration in mid-deep strata of the Yinggehai Basin[J].Ac-ta Petrolei Sinica,2011,32(4):574-579.
[8]谢玉洪.莺歌海高温超压盆地压力预测模式及成藏新认识[J].天然气工业,2011,31(12):21-25.XIE Yuhong.Models of pressure prediction and new under-standings of hydrocarbon accumulation in the YinggehaiBasin with high temperature and super-high pressure[J].Natural Gas Industry,2011,31(12):21-25.
[9]金博,刘震,李绪深,等.莺歌海盆地地温—地压系统特征及其对天然气成藏的意义[J].天然气地球科学,2008,19(1):49-55.JIN Bo,LIU Zhen,LI Xushen,et al.Relationship betweenaccumulation of natural gas and geotemperature-geopres-sure system in Yinggehai Basin[J].Natural Gas Geosci-ence,2008,19(1):49-55.
[10]何家雄,黄火尧,陈龙操.莺歌海盆地泥底辟发育演化与油气运聚机制[J].沉积学报,1994,12(3):120-129.HE Jiaxiong,HUANG Huoyao,CHEN Longcao.The for-mation and evolution of mud diapir and its relationshipwith hydrocarbon accumulation mechanism in YinggehaiBasin[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,1994,12(3):120-129.
[11]谢玉洪,刘平,黄志龙,等.莺歌海盆地高温超压天然气成藏地质条件及成藏过程[J].天然气工业,2012,32(4):19-23.XIE Yuhong,LIU Ping,HUANG Zhilong,et al.Geolog-ical conditions and pooling process of high-temperatureand overpressure natural gas reservoirs in the YinggehaiBasin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2012,32(4):19-23.
[12]童传新,王振峰,李绪深.莺歌海盆地东方1-1气田成藏条件及其启示[J].天然气工业,2012,32(8):11-15.TONG Chuanxin,WANG Zhenfeng,LI Xushen,et al.Pooling conditions of gas reservoirs in the Dongfang1-1Gas Field,Yinggehai Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2012,32(8):11-15.
[13]周家雄,刘薇薇,孙月成,等.小于地震分辨率极限的薄储集层预测技术[J].新疆石油地质,2010,31(5):554-556.ZHOU Jiaxiong,LIU Weiwei,SUN Yuecheng,et al.Pre-diction of thin reservoir thickness less than seismic resolu-tion limitation[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2010,31(5):554-556.
[14]BATZLE M L,HAN D H,HOFMANN R.Fluid mobili-ty and frequency-dependent seismic velocity:Direct meas-urements[J].Geophysics,2006,71(1):1-9.
[15]夏红敏,王尚旭,李生杰.含气地层的AVO响应分析——以苏4井为例[J].石油物探,2006,45(4):357-361.XIA Hongmin,WANG Shangxu,LI Shengjie.AVO anal-ysis on gas-bearing layer in Su 4well as an example[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2006,45(4):357-361.
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