汶川大地震诱发滑坡的震中距
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摘要
本文在地震滑坡规模(体积)类型5级划分法的基础上,采用数学方法对汶川地震灾区的2个宏观震中(映秀、北川)烈度I0≥XI极震区(10个县市)的地震滑坡震中距进行了讨论。其中地震滑坡随震中距分布基本符合正弦、高斯和指数衰减规律。极震区最大滑坡震中距可达120km,最小滑坡震中距可达0.25km。结果表明,地震诱发滑坡的规模(体积)和分布范围都与震中距具有相关性。
Based on the method of seismic landslide scale(volume) type which is divided into five levels,By the mathematical method discuss the landslide epicenter distance of two macroscopic epicenter(Yingxiu,Beichuan) intensity I0≥XI extremely earthquake region(10 counties) in Wenchuan earthquake area.The distribution of earthquake slope and the landslide epicenter distance corresponds with sine,Gaussian and exponential decay laws.The maximum earthquake landslide epicenter distance is 120km,and the minimum landslide epicenter distance is nearly 0.25km.The result shows that the landslide scale and distribution scope induced by the earthquake have relationship with the landslide epicenter distance.
Based on the method of seismic landslide scale(volume) type which is divided into five levels,By the mathematical method discuss the landslide epicenter distance of two macroscopic epicenter(Yingxiu,Beichuan) intensity I0≥XI extremely earthquake region(10 counties) in Wenchuan earthquake area.The distribution of earthquake slope and the landslide epicenter distance corresponds with sine,Gaussian and exponential decay laws.The maximum earthquake landslide epicenter distance is 120km,and the minimum landslide epicenter distance is nearly 0.25km.The result shows that the landslide scale and distribution scope induced by the earthquake have relationship with the landslide epicenter distance.
引文
[1]黄润秋.汶川地震崩滑地质灾害发育规律及形成机理研究[A],汶川大地质灾害研究[C].北京:科学出版社,2009:229.HUANG Runqiu.The Wenchuan earthquake slumpgeological hazards law and formation mechanism[A].Geohazard Assessment of the Wenchuan Earthquake[C].Beijing:Science Press,2009:229.
[2]李天池.四川松潘平武地震区崩塌和滑坡的若干问题[A].中国地理学会一九七七年地貌学术讨论会文集[C].北京:科学出版社,1981:204-206.LI Tianchi.Earthquake zone collapses and landslides inSong Pan Pinwu,Sichuan province[A].The landformsColloquium anthology of the Geographical Society ofChina,1977[C].Beijing:Science Press,1981:204-206.
[3]陈晓利.1976年龙陵地震诱发滑坡的影响因子敏感性分析[J].北京大学学报(自然科学版),2009,45(1):104-110.CHEN Xiaoli.Triggering factors susceptibility ofearthquake-induced landslides in 1976 LonglingEarthquake[J].Acta Scientiarum NaturaliumUniversitatis Pekinensis,2009,45(1):104-110.
[4]乔建平.川滇地震滑坡分布规律探讨[J].地震研究,1991,15:411-417.QIAO Jianpin.A preliminary study on the distributivedistributive regulation of seismic landslide in Sichuan andYunnan[J].Journal of Seismological Research,1991,15(4):411-417.
[5]李忠生.国内外地震滑坡灾害研究综述[J].灾害学,2003,18:64-70.LI Zhongsheng.The state of the art of the research onseismic landslide hazard at home and abroad[J].Journalof Catastrophology,2003,18(4):64-70.
[6]Keefer D K.landslides caused by earthquakes[J].Geological Society of America Bulletin,1984,95:406-421.
[7]Rodrigueza C E,Bommer J J,Chandler R J.Earthquakesinduced landslides;1980-1997[J].Soil Dynamics andEarthquakes Engineeting,1999,18:325-346.
[8]Papadopoulos G A,Plessa A.Magniude-distance relationsfor earthquakes-induced landslids in Greece[J].Engineeting Geology,2000,58(3/4):377-386.
[9]Mohammad R Mahdavifar,Shahryar Solaryar Solaymani,Mohammad K Jafari landslides triggered by the Avaj,Iraneathquake of June 22,2002[J].Engineering Geology2006(86):166-182.
[10]Keefer D K.Statistical analysis of an earthquake-inducedlanlslide distribution-1989 Loma Prieta,California event[J].Engineering Geology 2000(58):231-249.
[11]Eliana Esposito,Sabina Porfido,Armando L Simonelli,etal.Lanslides and other surface effects induecd by the1997 Umbria-Marche Seismic Sequence[J].EngineeringGeology 2000(58):353-376.
[12]Pier Giorgio Niccletti,Mario Parise,Seven landslides damsof old seismi corigin in southeaster Sicily[J].Geomophology,2002,46:203-222.
[13]Keefer D K.,Joseph Wartman,Carlos Navarro Ochoa etal,Landslides caused by the M7.6 Tecoman Mexicoeathquake of January 21 2003[J].Engineering Geology2006,86:187-179.
[14]四川地理研究所.地震与滑坡研究[R].1977.Sichuan Institute of Geography.Research of earthquakeand landslide[R].1977.
[15]李天池.地震与滑坡的关系及地震滑坡预测探讨[C].中国铁道出版社,1979:127-132.LI Tianchi.Discussion on the relationship betweenearthquakes and landslides and seismic landslideprediction[C].China Railway Publishing House,1979:127-132.
[16]乔建平,刘恒一.攀西地区地震诱发滑坡的类型及其发育规律[J].四川地理,1985(7):92-102.QIAO Jianping,LIU Hengyi.Earthquake-inducedlandslide types and their development rules in Panxi areas[J].Sichuan Geographic,1985(7):92-102.
[17]乔建平,蒲晓红.川西南滇北接壤带地震滑坡概述[J].山地研究,1987,5(3):181-188.QIAO Jianping,PU Xiaohong.An introduction toearthquake landslides in the contigous area betweensouthwest Sichuan and north Yunnan[J].Journal ofMountain Research,1987,5(3):181-188.
[18]乔建平.云南地震与崩塌滑坡[J].地理,1988,1(1):15-22.QIAO Jianping.The Yunnan earthquake and landslides[J].Geographic,1988,1(1):15-22.
[19]乔建平.地震斜坡稳定性评价方法[A],国际滑坡与岩土工程学术会议论文集[C].武汉:华中理工大学出版社,1991:144-147.QIAO Jianping.Seismic slope stability evaluation method[A].The International Landslide GeotechnicalConference Proceedings[C].Wuhan:HuazhongUniversity of Science&Technology Press,1991:144-147.
[20]孙崇绍,蔡红卫.我国历史地震时滑坡崩塌的发育及特点[J].自然灾害学报,1997,6(1):25-30.SUN Congshao,Cai Hongwei.Developing and distributingcharacteristics of collapses and landslides during stronghistoric erthquake in China[J].Journal of NaturalDisasters,1997,6(1):25-30.
[21]周本刚,王裕民.中国西南地区地震滑坡的基本特征[J].西北地震学报,1994,16(1):95-103ZHOU Bengang,Wang Yumin.Some characteristics ofearthquake-induced landslide in southwestern China[J].Northwestern Seismological Journal,1994,16(1):95-103.
[22]辛鸿博,王余庆.岩土边坡地震崩滑及其初判准则[J].岩土工程学报,1999,21(5):591-594.XIN Hongbo,WANG Yuqing.Earthquake inducedlandslide and avalanche[J].Chinese Jounal ofGeotechnicaL Engineering,1999,21(5):591-594.
[23]祁生文,许强,刘春玲,等.汶川地震极震灾区地质背景及次生斜坡灾害发育规律[J].工程地质学报,2009,17(1):39-49.QI Shengwen,XU Qiang,LIU Chunling,et al.Slopeinstabilities in the severest disaster areas of 5.12wenchuan earthquake[J].Journal of EngineeringGeology,2009,17(1):39-49.
[24]张春山,孙炜锋,谭成轩.四川汶川Ms8级地震重灾区地质灾害危险性评价和预测[J].地质通报,2009,28(8):1138-1145.ZHANG Chunshan,SUN Weifeng,TAN Chengxuan.Assessment of geo-hazard in severely damaged region byWenchuan Ms 8 earthquake,Sichuan Province,China[J].Geological Bulletin of China,2009,28(8):1138-1145.
[25]姚鑫,许冲,戴福初.四川汶川Ms8级地震引发的滑坡与地层岩性、坡度的相关性[J].地质通报,2009,28(8):1156-1162.YAO Xin,XU Chong,DAI Fuchu.Contribution of stratalithology and slope gradient to landslides triggered byWenchuan Ms 8 earthquake,Sichuan,China[J].Geological Bulletin of China,2009,28(8):1156-1162.
[26]乔建平,蒲晓红,王萌.大地震引发滑坡的分布特点及危险性区划研究[J].灾害学,2009,24(2):25-29.QIAO Jianping,PU Xiaohong,WANG Meng.A Study onCharacteristics of Distribution of Earthquake-inducedLandslides and Hazard Zoning[J].Journal ofCatastrophology,2009,24(2):25-29.
[27]乔建平,蒲晓红,王萌.汶川地震滑坡的分布特点及最大震中距分析[J].自然灾害学报,2009,18(5):10-15.QIAO Jianping,PU Xiaohong,WANG Meng.Analysis ofdistribution characteristics of landslide induced inWenchuan earthquake and relevant maximum epicenterdistance[J].Journal of Natural Disasters,2009,18(5):10-15.
[28]殷跃平.汶川八级地震滑坡特征分析[J].工程地质学报,2009,17(1):29-38.YIN Yueping.Features of landslides triggered by theWenchuan earthquake[J].Journal of EngineeringGeology,2009,17(1):29-38.
[29]李秀珍,孔纪名,崔云,等.汶川地震滑坡与地震参数及地质地貌因素之间的相关性[J].工程地质学报,2010,18(1):8-14.LI Xiuzhen,KONG Jiming,CUI Yun.Statistical relationsbetween landslides induced by Wenchuan earthquake andearthquake parameters,geological as well asgeomorphological factors[J].Journal of EngineeringGedogy,2010,18(1):8-14.
[30]谢洪,王世革,孔纪名.“5.12”汶川地震次生山地灾害的分布与特点[J].山地学报,2008,26(4):396-401.XIE Hong,WANG Shige,KONG Jiming.Distribution andCharacteristics of Mountain Hazards Induced by theEarthquake of May 12 in Wenchuan,China[J].Journal ofMountain Science,2008,26(4):396-401.
[31]黄润秋,李为乐.“5.12”汶川大地震触发地质灾害的发育分布规律[J].岩土力学与工程学报,2008,27(12):2585-2592.HUANG Runqiu,LI Weile.Research on development anddistribution rules of geohazards induced by Wenchuanearthquake on 12th May,2008[J].Chinese Journal ofRock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(12):2585-2592.
[32]许冲,戴福初,姚鑫.汶川地震诱发滑坡灾害的数量与面积[J].科技导报,2009,27(1):79-81.XU Chong,DAI Fuchu,YAO Xin.Incidence Number andAffected Area of Wenchuan Earthquake-inducedLandslides[J].Science&Technology Review,2009,27(1):79-81.
[33]王秀英.地震滑坡与地震参数关系[D].博士论文,2009:31-86.WANG Xiuying.The relationship between the landslideand earthquake parameter[D].Ph.D disscration,2009:31-86.
[34]乔建平,黄栋,杨宗佶,等.汶川大地震宏观震中问题的讨论[J].灾害学,2013(1):1-5.QIAO Jianping,HUANG Dong,YANG Zongji,et al.Discussion on Macro-epicenter of Wenchuan Earthquake[J].Journal of Catastrophology,2013(1):1-5.
[2]李天池.四川松潘平武地震区崩塌和滑坡的若干问题[A].中国地理学会一九七七年地貌学术讨论会文集[C].北京:科学出版社,1981:204-206.LI Tianchi.Earthquake zone collapses and landslides inSong Pan Pinwu,Sichuan province[A].The landformsColloquium anthology of the Geographical Society ofChina,1977[C].Beijing:Science Press,1981:204-206.
[3]陈晓利.1976年龙陵地震诱发滑坡的影响因子敏感性分析[J].北京大学学报(自然科学版),2009,45(1):104-110.CHEN Xiaoli.Triggering factors susceptibility ofearthquake-induced landslides in 1976 LonglingEarthquake[J].Acta Scientiarum NaturaliumUniversitatis Pekinensis,2009,45(1):104-110.
[4]乔建平.川滇地震滑坡分布规律探讨[J].地震研究,1991,15:411-417.QIAO Jianpin.A preliminary study on the distributivedistributive regulation of seismic landslide in Sichuan andYunnan[J].Journal of Seismological Research,1991,15(4):411-417.
[5]李忠生.国内外地震滑坡灾害研究综述[J].灾害学,2003,18:64-70.LI Zhongsheng.The state of the art of the research onseismic landslide hazard at home and abroad[J].Journalof Catastrophology,2003,18(4):64-70.
[6]Keefer D K.landslides caused by earthquakes[J].Geological Society of America Bulletin,1984,95:406-421.
[7]Rodrigueza C E,Bommer J J,Chandler R J.Earthquakesinduced landslides;1980-1997[J].Soil Dynamics andEarthquakes Engineeting,1999,18:325-346.
[8]Papadopoulos G A,Plessa A.Magniude-distance relationsfor earthquakes-induced landslids in Greece[J].Engineeting Geology,2000,58(3/4):377-386.
[9]Mohammad R Mahdavifar,Shahryar Solaryar Solaymani,Mohammad K Jafari landslides triggered by the Avaj,Iraneathquake of June 22,2002[J].Engineering Geology2006(86):166-182.
[10]Keefer D K.Statistical analysis of an earthquake-inducedlanlslide distribution-1989 Loma Prieta,California event[J].Engineering Geology 2000(58):231-249.
[11]Eliana Esposito,Sabina Porfido,Armando L Simonelli,etal.Lanslides and other surface effects induecd by the1997 Umbria-Marche Seismic Sequence[J].EngineeringGeology 2000(58):353-376.
[12]Pier Giorgio Niccletti,Mario Parise,Seven landslides damsof old seismi corigin in southeaster Sicily[J].Geomophology,2002,46:203-222.
[13]Keefer D K.,Joseph Wartman,Carlos Navarro Ochoa etal,Landslides caused by the M7.6 Tecoman Mexicoeathquake of January 21 2003[J].Engineering Geology2006,86:187-179.
[14]四川地理研究所.地震与滑坡研究[R].1977.Sichuan Institute of Geography.Research of earthquakeand landslide[R].1977.
[15]李天池.地震与滑坡的关系及地震滑坡预测探讨[C].中国铁道出版社,1979:127-132.LI Tianchi.Discussion on the relationship betweenearthquakes and landslides and seismic landslideprediction[C].China Railway Publishing House,1979:127-132.
[16]乔建平,刘恒一.攀西地区地震诱发滑坡的类型及其发育规律[J].四川地理,1985(7):92-102.QIAO Jianping,LIU Hengyi.Earthquake-inducedlandslide types and their development rules in Panxi areas[J].Sichuan Geographic,1985(7):92-102.
[17]乔建平,蒲晓红.川西南滇北接壤带地震滑坡概述[J].山地研究,1987,5(3):181-188.QIAO Jianping,PU Xiaohong.An introduction toearthquake landslides in the contigous area betweensouthwest Sichuan and north Yunnan[J].Journal ofMountain Research,1987,5(3):181-188.
[18]乔建平.云南地震与崩塌滑坡[J].地理,1988,1(1):15-22.QIAO Jianping.The Yunnan earthquake and landslides[J].Geographic,1988,1(1):15-22.
[19]乔建平.地震斜坡稳定性评价方法[A],国际滑坡与岩土工程学术会议论文集[C].武汉:华中理工大学出版社,1991:144-147.QIAO Jianping.Seismic slope stability evaluation method[A].The International Landslide GeotechnicalConference Proceedings[C].Wuhan:HuazhongUniversity of Science&Technology Press,1991:144-147.
[20]孙崇绍,蔡红卫.我国历史地震时滑坡崩塌的发育及特点[J].自然灾害学报,1997,6(1):25-30.SUN Congshao,Cai Hongwei.Developing and distributingcharacteristics of collapses and landslides during stronghistoric erthquake in China[J].Journal of NaturalDisasters,1997,6(1):25-30.
[21]周本刚,王裕民.中国西南地区地震滑坡的基本特征[J].西北地震学报,1994,16(1):95-103ZHOU Bengang,Wang Yumin.Some characteristics ofearthquake-induced landslide in southwestern China[J].Northwestern Seismological Journal,1994,16(1):95-103.
[22]辛鸿博,王余庆.岩土边坡地震崩滑及其初判准则[J].岩土工程学报,1999,21(5):591-594.XIN Hongbo,WANG Yuqing.Earthquake inducedlandslide and avalanche[J].Chinese Jounal ofGeotechnicaL Engineering,1999,21(5):591-594.
[23]祁生文,许强,刘春玲,等.汶川地震极震灾区地质背景及次生斜坡灾害发育规律[J].工程地质学报,2009,17(1):39-49.QI Shengwen,XU Qiang,LIU Chunling,et al.Slopeinstabilities in the severest disaster areas of 5.12wenchuan earthquake[J].Journal of EngineeringGeology,2009,17(1):39-49.
[24]张春山,孙炜锋,谭成轩.四川汶川Ms8级地震重灾区地质灾害危险性评价和预测[J].地质通报,2009,28(8):1138-1145.ZHANG Chunshan,SUN Weifeng,TAN Chengxuan.Assessment of geo-hazard in severely damaged region byWenchuan Ms 8 earthquake,Sichuan Province,China[J].Geological Bulletin of China,2009,28(8):1138-1145.
[25]姚鑫,许冲,戴福初.四川汶川Ms8级地震引发的滑坡与地层岩性、坡度的相关性[J].地质通报,2009,28(8):1156-1162.YAO Xin,XU Chong,DAI Fuchu.Contribution of stratalithology and slope gradient to landslides triggered byWenchuan Ms 8 earthquake,Sichuan,China[J].Geological Bulletin of China,2009,28(8):1156-1162.
[26]乔建平,蒲晓红,王萌.大地震引发滑坡的分布特点及危险性区划研究[J].灾害学,2009,24(2):25-29.QIAO Jianping,PU Xiaohong,WANG Meng.A Study onCharacteristics of Distribution of Earthquake-inducedLandslides and Hazard Zoning[J].Journal ofCatastrophology,2009,24(2):25-29.
[27]乔建平,蒲晓红,王萌.汶川地震滑坡的分布特点及最大震中距分析[J].自然灾害学报,2009,18(5):10-15.QIAO Jianping,PU Xiaohong,WANG Meng.Analysis ofdistribution characteristics of landslide induced inWenchuan earthquake and relevant maximum epicenterdistance[J].Journal of Natural Disasters,2009,18(5):10-15.
[28]殷跃平.汶川八级地震滑坡特征分析[J].工程地质学报,2009,17(1):29-38.YIN Yueping.Features of landslides triggered by theWenchuan earthquake[J].Journal of EngineeringGeology,2009,17(1):29-38.
[29]李秀珍,孔纪名,崔云,等.汶川地震滑坡与地震参数及地质地貌因素之间的相关性[J].工程地质学报,2010,18(1):8-14.LI Xiuzhen,KONG Jiming,CUI Yun.Statistical relationsbetween landslides induced by Wenchuan earthquake andearthquake parameters,geological as well asgeomorphological factors[J].Journal of EngineeringGedogy,2010,18(1):8-14.
[30]谢洪,王世革,孔纪名.“5.12”汶川地震次生山地灾害的分布与特点[J].山地学报,2008,26(4):396-401.XIE Hong,WANG Shige,KONG Jiming.Distribution andCharacteristics of Mountain Hazards Induced by theEarthquake of May 12 in Wenchuan,China[J].Journal ofMountain Science,2008,26(4):396-401.
[31]黄润秋,李为乐.“5.12”汶川大地震触发地质灾害的发育分布规律[J].岩土力学与工程学报,2008,27(12):2585-2592.HUANG Runqiu,LI Weile.Research on development anddistribution rules of geohazards induced by Wenchuanearthquake on 12th May,2008[J].Chinese Journal ofRock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(12):2585-2592.
[32]许冲,戴福初,姚鑫.汶川地震诱发滑坡灾害的数量与面积[J].科技导报,2009,27(1):79-81.XU Chong,DAI Fuchu,YAO Xin.Incidence Number andAffected Area of Wenchuan Earthquake-inducedLandslides[J].Science&Technology Review,2009,27(1):79-81.
[33]王秀英.地震滑坡与地震参数关系[D].博士论文,2009:31-86.WANG Xiuying.The relationship between the landslideand earthquake parameter[D].Ph.D disscration,2009:31-86.
[34]乔建平,黄栋,杨宗佶,等.汶川大地震宏观震中问题的讨论[J].灾害学,2013(1):1-5.QIAO Jianping,HUANG Dong,YANG Zongji,et al.Discussion on Macro-epicenter of Wenchuan Earthquake[J].Journal of Catastrophology,2013(1):1-5.
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