大间距深度-时间约束高精度合成地震记录制作技术
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摘要
大间距深度-时间约束高精度合成地震记录制作技术是在VSP速度校正人工合成地震记录基础上发展起来的,VSP速度校正人工合成地震记录的方法一般要求井下检波器的深度间距不大于20m,如果检波器深度间距逐渐增加"校正"的误差就要逐渐增大.大间距深度-时间约束合成地震记录制作技术弥补了前者的不足,利用各深度间隔顶、底的深度-时间和深度间隔内的声波时差,采用正文中描述的二分法双向计算时间序列的方法计算时间-反射系数序列,最大限度消除了只用声波时差数据计算时间序列产生的"累积误差",把深度-时间间隔的变化对人工合成地震记录"约束"精度产生负面影响的程度降低到最小,再用人工合成地震记录与井旁地面地震记录作相关,消除二者存在的"系统时间差",使人工合成地震记录与井旁地面地震记录达到最佳匹配.
The development of high-precision synthetic seismic record constrained by large spacing depth-time is based on the synthetic seismogram correcting by VSP speed,which generally requires that the depth interval of well seismometer is no more than 20 m,and in which the depth-time transforming of synthetic seismogram is completely calculated by the average velocity obtained from VSP data.With the increasing of detector spacing,the "correction" error also increases gradually.In order to make up for the deficiency of the traditional method,the technology of high-precision synthetic seismic record constrained by large spacing depth-time is introduced in this paper.Assuming that the acoustic log is divided into N-1 intervals by N down-hole detectors,for the acoustic data and the one-way travel time in top and bottom of corresponding interval obtained from VSP data in each interval,the bidirectional calculating time series with bisection method described in this paper is applied to calculate the time-reflection coefficient series in corresponding depth interval.At last,the full-interval time-reflection coefficient series is made up of N-1 time-reflection coefficient.And this method eliminates utmost the "accumulated error" in calculating the time series of full interval only by acoustic data,minimizes the negative effect on the constrained precision of synthetic record resulting from the spacing variation.At the same time,the "system time difference" between the synthetic seismogram and the well-nearby seismic records is eliminated by correlation so that the synthetic seismogram and the well-nearby seismic records can achieve a best matching.
The development of high-precision synthetic seismic record constrained by large spacing depth-time is based on the synthetic seismogram correcting by VSP speed,which generally requires that the depth interval of well seismometer is no more than 20 m,and in which the depth-time transforming of synthetic seismogram is completely calculated by the average velocity obtained from VSP data.With the increasing of detector spacing,the "correction" error also increases gradually.In order to make up for the deficiency of the traditional method,the technology of high-precision synthetic seismic record constrained by large spacing depth-time is introduced in this paper.Assuming that the acoustic log is divided into N-1 intervals by N down-hole detectors,for the acoustic data and the one-way travel time in top and bottom of corresponding interval obtained from VSP data in each interval,the bidirectional calculating time series with bisection method described in this paper is applied to calculate the time-reflection coefficient series in corresponding depth interval.At last,the full-interval time-reflection coefficient series is made up of N-1 time-reflection coefficient.And this method eliminates utmost the "accumulated error" in calculating the time series of full interval only by acoustic data,minimizes the negative effect on the constrained precision of synthetic record resulting from the spacing variation.At the same time,the "system time difference" between the synthetic seismogram and the well-nearby seismic records is eliminated by correlation so that the synthetic seismogram and the well-nearby seismic records can achieve a best matching.
引文
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[9]曾正明.合成地震记录层位标定方法改进[J].石油地球物理勘探,2005,(05):576-578.Zeng Z M.Improving horizons-labeling method on seismicsynthetic records[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2005,(05):576-578.
[10]李庆春,朱光明,陈文超.用VSP资料实现声测井与地面地震资料的匹配[J].煤炭学报,1998,23(5):456-460.Li Q C,Zhu G M,Chen W C.Sonic logging seismic datamatching with the VSP data[J].Journal of China CoalSociety,1998,23(5):456-460.
[11]许胜利,费永涛,丁城开,包敏,刘钰,王杰玲.合成地震记录高相关性与平均速度曲线波动现象的研究[J].石油地质与工程,2007,(5):21-23.Xu S L,Fei Y T,Ding C K,Bao M,Liu Y,Wang J L.Studyon fluctuation phenomenon of average velocity and highcorrelation in synthetic seismogram[J].Petroleum GeologyAnd Engineering,2007,(5):21-23.
[12]渥.伊尔马兹著.地震资料分析—地震资料处理、反演和解释[M].刘怀山,王克斌,童思友等译.北京:石油工业出版社,2006:31-35.Yilmaz,Seismic Data Analysis:Processing,Inversion,andInterpretation of seismic Data[M].Liu H S,Wang K B,TongS Y,Translated.Beijing:Petroleum Industry PublishingCompany,2006:31-35.
[13]徐伯勋,白旭滨,于常青编著.信号处理及应用[M].北京:地质出版社,1996:13-21.Xu B X,Bai X B,Yu C Q.Signal and Its Application[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1996:13-21.
[2]孙振涛,孟宪军,慎国强,钮学民,季玉新,王玉梅.高精度合成地震记录制作技术研究[J].石油地球物理勘探,2002,(06):640-643.Sun Z T,Meng X J,Shen G Q,Niu X M,Ji Y X,Wang Y M.The technology of making high-precision synthetic seismogram[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2002,(06):640-643.
[3]王克宁.地震记录极性和层位标定研究[J].石油地球物理勘探,1992,(01):130-139.Wang K N.Researches on seismic record polarity and horizonidentification[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,1992,(01):130-139.
[4]张永华,陈萍,赵丽晴,朱军,刘景颜.基于合成记录的综合层位标定技术[J].石油地球物理勘探,2004,(01):92-96.Zhang Y H,Chen P,Zhao L Q,Zhu J,Liu J Y.Integrativelayer-labeling technique based on synthetic seismogram[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2004,(01):92-96.
[5]李斌,杨耀坤,田春志.二维人工合成地震记录的制作及应用[J].大庆石油地质与开发,1995,(02):52-56.Li B,Yang Y K,Tian C Z.Making and application of Z-Dartificial synthetic seismic record[J].Petroleum Geology&Oilfield Development in Daqing,1995,(02):52-56.
[6]靳玲,苏桂芝,刘桂兰,朱丕跃,李磊,胡艳萍.合成地震记录制作的影响因素及对策[J].石油物探,2004,(3):267-271.Jin L,Su G Z,Liu G L,Zhu P Y,Li L,Hu Y P.Influencingfactors in making synthetic seismogram and counter measures[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2004,(3):267-271.
[7]韩行吉,杨文采,吴永刚.地震与声测井资料的匹配[J].石油地球物理勘探,1995,(s2):27-33.Han X J,Yang W C,Wu Y G.Matching sonic logging datawith seismic data[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,1995,(s2):27-33.
[8]云美厚,易维启,艾印双.地震与声波测井匹配校正方法研究[J].石油地球物理勘探,2002,(06):601-605.Yun M H,Yi W Q,Ai Y S.Study on correct methods matchingseismic data with sonic logging data[J].Oil GeophysicalProspecting,2002,(06):601-605.
[9]曾正明.合成地震记录层位标定方法改进[J].石油地球物理勘探,2005,(05):576-578.Zeng Z M.Improving horizons-labeling method on seismicsynthetic records[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2005,(05):576-578.
[10]李庆春,朱光明,陈文超.用VSP资料实现声测井与地面地震资料的匹配[J].煤炭学报,1998,23(5):456-460.Li Q C,Zhu G M,Chen W C.Sonic logging seismic datamatching with the VSP data[J].Journal of China CoalSociety,1998,23(5):456-460.
[11]许胜利,费永涛,丁城开,包敏,刘钰,王杰玲.合成地震记录高相关性与平均速度曲线波动现象的研究[J].石油地质与工程,2007,(5):21-23.Xu S L,Fei Y T,Ding C K,Bao M,Liu Y,Wang J L.Studyon fluctuation phenomenon of average velocity and highcorrelation in synthetic seismogram[J].Petroleum GeologyAnd Engineering,2007,(5):21-23.
[12]渥.伊尔马兹著.地震资料分析—地震资料处理、反演和解释[M].刘怀山,王克斌,童思友等译.北京:石油工业出版社,2006:31-35.Yilmaz,Seismic Data Analysis:Processing,Inversion,andInterpretation of seismic Data[M].Liu H S,Wang K B,TongS Y,Translated.Beijing:Petroleum Industry PublishingCompany,2006:31-35.
[13]徐伯勋,白旭滨,于常青编著.信号处理及应用[M].北京:地质出版社,1996:13-21.Xu B X,Bai X B,Yu C Q.Signal and Its Application[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1996:13-21.
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