基于GPS监测芦山M_S7.0级地震同震位移
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摘要
高精度GPS测量是研究现今地壳运动和地壳形变的重要手段之一。2013年4月20日,龙门山断裂带南段芦山地区(30.3°N,103.0°E)发生了MS7.0级地震。震后的野外考察表明,芦山地震在震中区没有形成具有构造地质意义的地震地表破裂带。文中根据震中附近监测站(BXB:30.48°N,102.71°E和BXN:30.26°N,102.84°E)资料,通过对震前、震后的GPS监测数据反演、分析,推断芦山4·20地震发生机理为逆冲-错动型地震。GPS监测结果显示,震区的同震位移量为:断裂北侧测站BXB即断层西北盘(上盘)东向同震位移量为34.0mm,北向同震位移量为-28.2mm,垂向抬升10.3mm;断裂南侧测站BXN即断层东南盘(下盘)东向同震位移量为-45.5mm,北向同震位移量为-25.9mm,垂向同震位移下沉为67.8mm。芦山4·20地震使得断层南北向缩短3~6mm,水平错动位移78~82mm,断裂垂向错动75~80mm。
The high precision GPS measurement is an important method for studying the crustal movement and crustal deformation.On April 20,2013,an earthquake of MS7.0occurred in Lushan(30.3°N,103°E),south of Longmenshan faults.According to the monitoring station(BXB:30.48°N,102.71°E and BXN:30.26°N,102.84°E)data and based on GPS monitoring data inversion and analysis,it is inferred that the 4.20Lushan focal mechanism is a thrust-diastrophism type of earthquake.GPS monitoring results showed the co-seismic displacement as the follows:on the north side of the fault station BXB,the east component of the co-seismic displacement is 34.0mm,the north component of co-seismic displacement is-28.2 mm,and the vertical component of co-seismic displacement is +10.3 mm;on the south side of the fault station BXN,the east component of co-seismic displacement is-45.5 mm,the north component of co-seismic displacement is-25.9mm,and the vertical component of co-seismic displacement is-67.8mm.In the earthquake zone,the length from north to south was shortened by 3-6mm,the horizontal dislocation displacement is 78-82mm,and the vertical dislocation displacement is 75-80mm.
The high precision GPS measurement is an important method for studying the crustal movement and crustal deformation.On April 20,2013,an earthquake of MS7.0occurred in Lushan(30.3°N,103°E),south of Longmenshan faults.According to the monitoring station(BXB:30.48°N,102.71°E and BXN:30.26°N,102.84°E)data and based on GPS monitoring data inversion and analysis,it is inferred that the 4.20Lushan focal mechanism is a thrust-diastrophism type of earthquake.GPS monitoring results showed the co-seismic displacement as the follows:on the north side of the fault station BXB,the east component of the co-seismic displacement is 34.0mm,the north component of co-seismic displacement is-28.2 mm,and the vertical component of co-seismic displacement is +10.3 mm;on the south side of the fault station BXN,the east component of co-seismic displacement is-45.5 mm,the north component of co-seismic displacement is-25.9mm,and the vertical component of co-seismic displacement is-67.8mm.In the earthquake zone,the length from north to south was shortened by 3-6mm,the horizontal dislocation displacement is 78-82mm,and the vertical dislocation displacement is 75-80mm.
引文
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[17]滕吉文,王谦身,王光杰,等.喜马拉雅“东构造结”地区的特异重力场与深部地壳结构[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(4):1045-1052
[18]王敏.基于GPS同震位移场约束反演2008年5·12汶川大地震破裂空间分布[J].地球物理学报,2009,52(10):2519-2526.
[19]唐文清,刘宇平,陈智梁,等.龙门山断裂构造带GPS研究[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2004,24(3):57-59.
[20]刘宇平,张清志,唐文清,等.四川汶川MS8.0级地震的同震位移量[J].地质通报,2008,27(12):2086-2088.
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[2]中国地震局.汶川、芦山震后“龙门山”仍重点监测[EB/OL].(2013-04-25)[2013-09-20].http:∥www.cea.gov.cn/publish/dizhenj/464/522/20130514155953445677192/index.html.
[3]曾佐勋,王杰.芦山地震:一个成功的中期预测案例[J].地学前缘,2013,20(3):21-24.
[4]王卫民,郝金来,姚振兴.2013年4月20日四川芦山地震震源破裂过程反演初步结果[J].地球物理学报,2013,56(4):1412-1417.
[5]张勇,许力生,陈运泰.芦山4·20地震破裂过程及其致灾特征初步分析[J].地球物理学报,2013,56(4):1408-1411.
[6]刘杰,易桂喜,张致伟,等.2013年4月20日四川芦山MS7.0级地震介绍[J].地球物理学报,2013,56(4):1404-1407.
[7]易桂喜,闻学泽,辛华,等.龙门山断裂带南段应力状态与强震危险性研究[J].地球物理学报,2013,56(4):1112-1120.
[8]徐锡伟,陈桂华,于贵华,等.庐山地震发震构造及其与汶川地震关系讨论[J].地学前缘,2013,20(3):11-20.
[9]曾祥方,罗艳,韩立波,等.2013年4月20日四川芦山MS7.0地震:一个高角度逆冲地震[J].地球物理学报,2013,56(4):1418-1424.
[10]李德威,陈桂凡,陈继乐,等.地震预测:从芦山地震到大陆地震[J].地学前缘,2013,20(3):1-10.
[11]武艳强,江在森,王敏,等.GPS监测的芦山7.0级地震前应变积累及同震位移场初步结果[J].科学通报,2013,58(20):1910-1916.
[12]陈晓清,崔鹏,游勇,等.4·20芦山地震次生山地灾害与减灾对策[J].地学前缘,2013,20(3):29-34.
[13]张清志,刘宇平,陈智梁,等.红河断裂带的GPS观测数据反演[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(2):418-421.
[14]陈智梁,张选阳,沈凤,等.中国西南地区地壳运动的GPS监测[J].科学通报,1999,44(8):851-854.
[15]王琪,张培震,牛之俊,等.中国大陆现今地壳运动和构造变形[J].中国科学:D缉,2001,31(7):529-536.
[16]Wang Q,Zhang P Z,Freymueller J T,et al.Present day crustal deformation in China constrained by Global Positioning System(GPS)measurements[J].Science,2001,294:574-577.
[17]滕吉文,王谦身,王光杰,等.喜马拉雅“东构造结”地区的特异重力场与深部地壳结构[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(4):1045-1052
[18]王敏.基于GPS同震位移场约束反演2008年5·12汶川大地震破裂空间分布[J].地球物理学报,2009,52(10):2519-2526.
[19]唐文清,刘宇平,陈智梁,等.龙门山断裂构造带GPS研究[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2004,24(3):57-59.
[20]刘宇平,张清志,唐文清,等.四川汶川MS8.0级地震的同震位移量[J].地质通报,2008,27(12):2086-2088.
[21]徐纪人,赵志新.汶川8.0级大地震震源机制与构造运动特征[J].中国地质,2010,37(4):967-977.
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