石油地震储层研究及应用——以塔里木盆地塔中地区碳酸盐岩为例
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摘要
石油地震储层研究是随着地震勘探技术和储层地质的不断发展而出现的一种综合研究方法。结合储层地质和地球物理勘探技术最新动态,进一步定义了石油地震储层研究的概念,厘定了其研究思路、核心内容与技术方法体系。认为岩石地球物理实验是石油地震储层研究的基础,而储层地质研究、储层地球物理模拟与方法实验、储层地震地质解译及表征和储层综合评价与建模则是石油地震储层研究的4个基本研究步骤,简称为"四步法",并提出了测井分析技术、岩石地球物理模拟实验技术、储层地震预测、流体预测、储层建模和三维可视化是石油地震储层研究的6项关键技术。将石油地震储层研究"四步法"应用于塔里木盆地塔中地区碳酸盐岩储层研究中,实现了碳酸盐岩缝洞体定量化三维空间表征与建模,有效提高了油气勘探与开发的成功率。
The seismic reservoir study,a new comprehensive research method,emerges with the rapid development of seismic exploration technology and reservoir geology.Combined with the latest trend of reservoir geology and geophysical exploration technology,this paper further defines the concept of the seismic reservoir study and describes its research thought,core content and technology system through comprehensively analyses of basic theories and characters of the seismic reservoir study.The study shows that a petrophysical experiment is the basis for the seismic reservoir study,and there are four basic procedures("four steps" for short) that constitute the seismic reservoir study,i.e.geological study,geophysical simulation and method testing,seismic geological interpretation and characterization,and comprehensive evaluation and modeling of reservoirs.In addition,the seismic reservoir study has six key techniques,including logging analysis,petrophysical simulation experiment,seismic prediction,fluid prediction,modeling and 3-D visualization of reservoirs.We achieved the quantitative 3-D space characterization and modeling of carbonate fracture-caved reservoirs by applying the four steps of the seismic reservoir study to the case study of the Tarim Basin,which substantially improved the success rate of oil-gas exploration and development in the study area.
The seismic reservoir study,a new comprehensive research method,emerges with the rapid development of seismic exploration technology and reservoir geology.Combined with the latest trend of reservoir geology and geophysical exploration technology,this paper further defines the concept of the seismic reservoir study and describes its research thought,core content and technology system through comprehensively analyses of basic theories and characters of the seismic reservoir study.The study shows that a petrophysical experiment is the basis for the seismic reservoir study,and there are four basic procedures("four steps" for short) that constitute the seismic reservoir study,i.e.geological study,geophysical simulation and method testing,seismic geological interpretation and characterization,and comprehensive evaluation and modeling of reservoirs.In addition,the seismic reservoir study has six key techniques,including logging analysis,petrophysical simulation experiment,seismic prediction,fluid prediction,modeling and 3-D visualization of reservoirs.We achieved the quantitative 3-D space characterization and modeling of carbonate fracture-caved reservoirs by applying the four steps of the seismic reservoir study to the case study of the Tarim Basin,which substantially improved the success rate of oil-gas exploration and development in the study area.
引文
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[15]易维启,李明,云美厚,等.时移地震方法概论[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2002.Yi Weiqi,Li Ming,Yun Meihou,et al.Introduction to time-lapseseismic[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2002.
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[17]Mavko G,Mukerji T,Dvorkin J.The rock physics handbook[M].London:Cambridge University Press,1998.
[2]于兴河,李剑峰.油气储层研究所面临的挑战与新动向[J].地学前缘,1995,2(4):213-220.Yu Xinghe,Li Jianfeng.Challenges and trends in the study of hydro-carbon reservoir[J].Earth Science Frontiers,1995,2(4):213-220.
[3]侯贵卿,孙萍.油气储层研究新动向[J].海洋石油,2000,103(1):8-14.Hou Guiqin,Sun Ping.New ways to study oil-gas Reservoirs[J].Offshore Oil,2000,103(1):8-14.
[4]卫平生,潘建国,张虎权,等.地震储层学概念、研究方法和关键技术[J].岩性油气藏,2010,22(2):1-6.Wei Pingsheng,Pan Jianguo,Zhang Huquan,et al.Concept,method and technology of seismic reservoir[J].Lithologic Reser-voirs,2010,22(2):1-6.
[5]袁秉衡,安延恺.地震地质的内涵与外延[J].石油学报,1982,3(增刊):34-41.Yuan Bingheng,An Yankai.Intension and extension of seismoge-ology[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,1982,3(Supplement):34-41.
[6]Dennis A C,William A S.Generalized linear inversion of reflec-tions seismic data[J].Geophysics,1983,48(6):665-675.
[7]Lake L W,Carroll H B,Waggoner J R.Reservoir characterization[M].Orlando,Florida:Academic Press,1986.
[8]Zeng Hongliu,Henry S C,Riola J P.Stratal slicing,partⅡ:real3-D seismic date[J].Geophysics,1998,63(2):514-522.
[9]刘宪斌,林金逞,韩春明,等.地震储层研究的现状及展望[J].地球学报,2002,23(1):73-78.Liu Xianbin,Lin Jincheng,Han Chunming,et al.Present condi-tions and prospects of the researches on seismic reservoir[J].Ac-ta Geoscientia Sinica,2002,23(2):73-78.
[10]Quincy Chen,Steve Sidney.Seismic attribute technology for res-ervoir forecasting and monitoring[J].The Leading Edge,1997,16(5):220-231.
[11]王延光.储层地震反演方法以及应用中的关键问题与对策[J].石油物探,2002,41(3):299-303.Wang Yanguang.Seismic reservoir inversion algorithm and thekey problems and policies in its application[J].Geophysical Pros-pecting for Petroleum,2002,41(3):299-303.
[12]徐怀民,刘泽容,许敬.综合烃类检测技术及其在早期油藏描述中的应用[J].地质论评,1993,39(4):308-314.Xu Huaimin,Liu Zerong,Xu Jing.The technique for integratedhydrocarbon detection and its application in the early-stage reser-voir description[J].Geological Review,1993,39(4):308-314.
[13]殷八斤,曾灏,杨在岩.AVO技术的理论与实践[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1995.Yin Bajin,Zeng Hao,Yang Zaiyan.Theory and practice of AVOtechnology[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1995.
[14]胡贤根,尚新民,石林光,等.基于叠前时间偏移资料的AVO处理技术[J].石油物探,2002,41(3):343-346.Hu Xiangen,Shang Xinmin,Shi Linguang,et al.AVO processingtechnique based on prestack time migration data[J].GeophysicalProspecting for Petroleum,2002,41(3):343-346.
[15]易维启,李明,云美厚,等.时移地震方法概论[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2002.Yi Weiqi,Li Ming,Yun Meihou,et al.Introduction to time-lapseseismic[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2002.
[16]陈小宏,易维启.时移地震油藏监测技术研究[J].勘探地球物理进展,2003,26(1):1-6.Chen Xiaohong,Yi Weiqi.Study on time-lapse seismic reservoir moni-toring[J].Progress in Exploration Geophysics,2003,26(1):1-6.
[17]Mavko G,Mukerji T,Dvorkin J.The rock physics handbook[M].London:Cambridge University Press,1998.
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