斜井地震初至波走时层析试验
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摘要
井间地震层析成像是井间地震技术的重要组成部分,而在地面地震勘探特别是在海上地震勘探中,斜井居多,因此,文章针对斜井层析成像的特点,先介绍了旅行时层析反演的基本原理,再根据Lanczos方法和QR分解算法详细推导了带阻尼的LSQR反演方法,且将此方法应用于二维斜井地震初至波走时层析成像中,用两个不同的斜井模型对算法进行了测试研究。结果表明:采用旅行时线性插值射线追踪的正演方法与带阻尼的LSQR反演技术得到的速度模型较好地反应了理论模型,说明了此算法在二维斜井地震层析成像应用中的正确性和有效性,为实际地震勘探工作提供了理论依据。
Cross-hole tomography is an important part of cross-hole seismic techniques,and in the surface seismic exploration especiaily in marine seismic,mostly in slope cross-hole. Therefore,the article according to the characteristics of the slope cross-hole tomography,discussing the fundamentals of traveltime tomography inversion and on the basis of the Lanczos method and QR decomposition algorithm again,deducing the method of damping LSQR inversion algorithm in detail while applying the method to two-dimensional slope cross-hole first-break wave travel-time tomography,and using two different slope cross-hole models tests the algorithm. It turns out that using the method of linear travel-time interpolation ray tracing and the velocity model gotten from damping LSQR inversion algorithm can reflect the theoretical model quite well. It illustrates the correctness and effectiveness of the algorithm for two-dimensional slope cross-hole tomography,and provides theoretical basis for application.
Cross-hole tomography is an important part of cross-hole seismic techniques,and in the surface seismic exploration especiaily in marine seismic,mostly in slope cross-hole. Therefore,the article according to the characteristics of the slope cross-hole tomography,discussing the fundamentals of traveltime tomography inversion and on the basis of the Lanczos method and QR decomposition algorithm again,deducing the method of damping LSQR inversion algorithm in detail while applying the method to two-dimensional slope cross-hole first-break wave travel-time tomography,and using two different slope cross-hole models tests the algorithm. It turns out that using the method of linear travel-time interpolation ray tracing and the velocity model gotten from damping LSQR inversion algorithm can reflect the theoretical model quite well. It illustrates the correctness and effectiveness of the algorithm for two-dimensional slope cross-hole tomography,and provides theoretical basis for application.
引文
[1]乔玉雷,王延光,李九生,等.对井间地震反射波成像资料的初步认识[J].石油物探,2006,45(3):272-273.QIAO Yu-lei,WANG Yan-guang,LI Jiu-sheng,et al.Basic cognition to reflection imaging date from crosshole seismic[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2006,45(3):272-273.
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[4]李满树,方伍宝,周腾,等.初至波走时信息在复杂地区近地表速度反演中的应用[J].石油物探,2004,43(1):72-75.LI Man-shu,FANG Wu-bao,ZHOU Teng,et al.Inversion of near-surface velocity through first-arrival traveltime in complex region[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2004,43(1):72-75.
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[6]张建中,陈世军,余大伟.最短路径射线追踪方法及其改进[J].地球物理学进展,2003,18(1):146-150.ZHANG Jian-zhong,CHEN Shi-jun,YU Da-wei.Improvement of shortest path ray tracing method[J].Progress in Geophysics,2003,18(1):146-150.
[7]周建宇,李建平,张永辉.井间地震应用效果分析[J].地球物理学进展,2003,18(3):567-575.ZHOU Jian-yu,LI Jian-ping,ZHANG Yong-hui.The analysic and application of crosswell seismic survey[J].Progress in Geophysics,2003,18(3):567-575.
[8]马德堂.弹性波场数值模拟及井间地震初至波旅行时层析成像[D].西安:长安大学,2005.MA De-tang.Modeling of cross-hole elastic wave field and cross-hole seismic travel time tomography[D].Xi’an:Chang’an University,2005.
[9]张建中,陈世军.复杂介质地震初至波数值模拟[J].计算物理,2003,20(5):429-433.ZHANG Jian-zhong,CHEN Shi-jun.Numerical modeling of seismic first break in complex media[J].Chinese Journal of Computational Physics,2003,20(5):429-433.
[10]孙黄利.初至波层析技术在煤田地震勘探中的应用研究[D].西安:西安科技大学,2010.SUN Huang-li.The application of the first breaks tomography technique in the seismic exploration of the coal field[D].Xi’an:Xi’an University of Science and Technology,2010.
[11]李桂花.井间地震波场数值模拟及波场特征研究[D].西安:西安科技大学,2008.LI Gui-hua.Study on crosswell seismic numerical simulation and wave field characteristics[D].Xi’an:Xi’an University of Science and Technology,2008
[12]冯彦谦,赵广茂,孟宪波.井间地震层析成像技术的应用[J].物探与化探,2011,35(3):345-347.FENG Yan-qian,ZHAO Guang-mao,MENG Xian-bo.The application of cross-hole seismic tomography[J].Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,2011,35(3):345-347.
[13]段心标,金维浚.井间地震层析成像初始速度模型[J].地球物理学进展,2008,22(6):1 831-1 835.DUAN Xin-biao,JIN Wei-xun.Initial velocity model of crosswell seismic tomography[J].Progress in Geophysics,2008,22(6):1 831-1 835.
[14]封建湖,车刚明,聂玉峰.数值分析原理[M].北京:科学出版社,2001.FENG Jian-hu,CHE Gang-ming,NIE Yu-feng.Principle of numerical analysis[M].Beijing:Science Publishing,2001.
[15]赵连锋.井间地震波速与衰减联合层析成像方法研究[D].成都:成都理工大学,2002.ZHAO Lian-feng.Study on crosswell seismic tomography combining velocity and attenuation[D].Chengdu:Chengdu University of Technology,2002.
[2]Vidale J.Finite-difference calculation of travel times[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,1988,78:2 062-2 076.
[3]Asakawa E,Kawanaka T.Seismic ray tracing using linear traveltime interpolation[J].Geophysical Prospecting,1993,44:11-99.
[4]李满树,方伍宝,周腾,等.初至波走时信息在复杂地区近地表速度反演中的应用[J].石油物探,2004,43(1):72-75.LI Man-shu,FANG Wu-bao,ZHOU Teng,et al.Inversion of near-surface velocity through first-arrival traveltime in complex region[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2004,43(1):72-75.
[5]韩晓丽,杨长春,麻三怀,等.复杂山区初至波层析反演静校正[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(2):475-483.HAN Xiao-li,YANG Chang-chun,MA San-huai,et al.Static of tomographic inversion by first breaks in complex areas[J].Progress in Geophysics,2008,23(2):475-483.
[6]张建中,陈世军,余大伟.最短路径射线追踪方法及其改进[J].地球物理学进展,2003,18(1):146-150.ZHANG Jian-zhong,CHEN Shi-jun,YU Da-wei.Improvement of shortest path ray tracing method[J].Progress in Geophysics,2003,18(1):146-150.
[7]周建宇,李建平,张永辉.井间地震应用效果分析[J].地球物理学进展,2003,18(3):567-575.ZHOU Jian-yu,LI Jian-ping,ZHANG Yong-hui.The analysic and application of crosswell seismic survey[J].Progress in Geophysics,2003,18(3):567-575.
[8]马德堂.弹性波场数值模拟及井间地震初至波旅行时层析成像[D].西安:长安大学,2005.MA De-tang.Modeling of cross-hole elastic wave field and cross-hole seismic travel time tomography[D].Xi’an:Chang’an University,2005.
[9]张建中,陈世军.复杂介质地震初至波数值模拟[J].计算物理,2003,20(5):429-433.ZHANG Jian-zhong,CHEN Shi-jun.Numerical modeling of seismic first break in complex media[J].Chinese Journal of Computational Physics,2003,20(5):429-433.
[10]孙黄利.初至波层析技术在煤田地震勘探中的应用研究[D].西安:西安科技大学,2010.SUN Huang-li.The application of the first breaks tomography technique in the seismic exploration of the coal field[D].Xi’an:Xi’an University of Science and Technology,2010.
[11]李桂花.井间地震波场数值模拟及波场特征研究[D].西安:西安科技大学,2008.LI Gui-hua.Study on crosswell seismic numerical simulation and wave field characteristics[D].Xi’an:Xi’an University of Science and Technology,2008
[12]冯彦谦,赵广茂,孟宪波.井间地震层析成像技术的应用[J].物探与化探,2011,35(3):345-347.FENG Yan-qian,ZHAO Guang-mao,MENG Xian-bo.The application of cross-hole seismic tomography[J].Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,2011,35(3):345-347.
[13]段心标,金维浚.井间地震层析成像初始速度模型[J].地球物理学进展,2008,22(6):1 831-1 835.DUAN Xin-biao,JIN Wei-xun.Initial velocity model of crosswell seismic tomography[J].Progress in Geophysics,2008,22(6):1 831-1 835.
[14]封建湖,车刚明,聂玉峰.数值分析原理[M].北京:科学出版社,2001.FENG Jian-hu,CHE Gang-ming,NIE Yu-feng.Principle of numerical analysis[M].Beijing:Science Publishing,2001.
[15]赵连锋.井间地震波速与衰减联合层析成像方法研究[D].成都:成都理工大学,2002.ZHAO Lian-feng.Study on crosswell seismic tomography combining velocity and attenuation[D].Chengdu:Chengdu University of Technology,2002.
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