四川自贡—隆昌地区注水诱发地震研究
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摘要
基于2007年1月—2010年8月四川自贡地方数字测震台网和流动台站记录的地震观测资料,并结合注水井(家33井)的加压注水数据,研究了自贡—隆昌地区三个丛集区域(A、B、C)地震活动与家33井注水压力及注水量的相关性,同时从注水区域及邻区局部应力状态呈现的差异研究其发震机理.结果表明:家33井加压注水对其所在的B区地震活动具有明显的调控作用,负压注水阶段,注水量对地震活动的影响不大,地震活动处于较弱状态;加压注水阶段,在压力持续升高的背景下,地震活动明显增强,其频次、强度与注水量呈现较好的相关性.研究区三次4级地震震源较浅、且均为逆冲型,震源机制节面与其震中附近断层走向一致.基于大量小震震源机制解,统计获得B区震源机制节面走向和P轴方位较A区相对离散;与川东南地区已有应力场结果相比,反演获得的B区主压应力方位较A区扰动偏大,可见在统一应力场的作用下,A、B区域小震震源机制解节面走向、P轴方位及反演得到的局部区域应力场呈现出的差异,与家33井加压注水有一定的关系.
Based on seismic data recorded by Zigong local digital seismic network and mobile stations from January 2007 to August 2010,the correlation between pressure,water injection rate of Jia 33 well and seismic activities of three cluster regions(A,B,and C) in Zigong-Longchang area is studied,and the seismogenic mechanism of induced earthquakes is studied by the space concentration distribution of shallow seismic activity and the difference of local stress state.The result shows that the injection pressure of Jia 33 well has obvious regulatory effect on seismic activity of region B.At the stage of negative pressure injection,the effect of water injection rate on seismic activity is small,the seismic activity of region B is very weak,at the stage of injection pressure,when the pressure is continuously elevated,the seismicity is obviously increased,and the frequency and intensity present a good correlation with the water injection rate.According to the focal mechanism solutions and stress field characteristic of earthquakes in research area,the focal depth of three ML≥4 earthquakes are all shallow,and the dislocation types all present reverse faulting,the strikes of the nodal plane and the fault near epicenter are consistent.Based on a lot of small earthquake focal mechanism solutions,the statistical results of nodal strike and P-axis direction in region B are relatively disperse than the results of region A.Compared with the existing results of regional stress field in the southeast of Sichuan Province,the stress field disturbance of region B is bigger than the result of region A.Under the action of a unified stress field,the nodal and P-axis direction of focal mechanism solutions and stress field in region A and B present difference,which have a certain relationship with injection pressure of Jia 33 well.
Based on seismic data recorded by Zigong local digital seismic network and mobile stations from January 2007 to August 2010,the correlation between pressure,water injection rate of Jia 33 well and seismic activities of three cluster regions(A,B,and C) in Zigong-Longchang area is studied,and the seismogenic mechanism of induced earthquakes is studied by the space concentration distribution of shallow seismic activity and the difference of local stress state.The result shows that the injection pressure of Jia 33 well has obvious regulatory effect on seismic activity of region B.At the stage of negative pressure injection,the effect of water injection rate on seismic activity is small,the seismic activity of region B is very weak,at the stage of injection pressure,when the pressure is continuously elevated,the seismicity is obviously increased,and the frequency and intensity present a good correlation with the water injection rate.According to the focal mechanism solutions and stress field characteristic of earthquakes in research area,the focal depth of three ML≥4 earthquakes are all shallow,and the dislocation types all present reverse faulting,the strikes of the nodal plane and the fault near epicenter are consistent.Based on a lot of small earthquake focal mechanism solutions,the statistical results of nodal strike and P-axis direction in region B are relatively disperse than the results of region A.Compared with the existing results of regional stress field in the southeast of Sichuan Province,the stress field disturbance of region B is bigger than the result of region A.Under the action of a unified stress field,the nodal and P-axis direction of focal mechanism solutions and stress field in region A and B present difference,which have a certain relationship with injection pressure of Jia 33 well.
引文
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[2]Yerkes R F,Castle R O.Seismicity and faulting attributableto fluid extraction.Engineering Geology,1976,10(24):151-167.
[3]Healy J H,Rubey W W,Griggs D T,et al.The Denverearthquakes.Science,1968,161(3848):1301-1310.
[4]刁守中,周焕鹏,郭爱香.山东角07井注(漏)水诱发地震—震源参数与地震序列特征.地震地质,1987,9(3):84-89.Diao S Z,Zhou H P,Guo A X.Induced earthquakes byinjecting and leaking water in Jiao 7 oil well,ShandongProvince—characteristics of the focal parameters and earthquakesequences.Seismology and Geology(in Chinese),1987,9(3):84-89.
[5]刁桂苓,张德元,赵根模.任邱油田注水地震的初步研究.西北.地震学报,1982,4(3):89-95.Diao G L,Zhang D Y,Zhao G M.Preliminary study onwater injection earthquake of Renqiu oil-fleld.NorthwesternSeismological Journal(in Chinese),1982,4(3):89-95.
[6]刁守中,周焕鹏,郭爱香.山东角07井注(漏)水诱发地震—震源参数与地震序列特征.地震地质,1987,9(3):84-89.Diao S Z,Zhou H P,Guo A X.Induced earthquakes byinjecting and leaking water in Jiao 7 oil well,ShandongProvince—characteristics of the focal parameters and earthquakesequences.Seismology and Geology(in Chinese),1987,9(3):84-89.
[7]刁守中.山东角07井注水诱发地震序列的时间分布特征.地震,1989,(1):27-31.Diao S Z.Time distribution feature of seismic sequenceinduced by water flooding in Jiao 07well in Shandong Province.Earthquake(in Chinese),1989,(1):27-31.
[8]刁守中,蒋海昆,徐学炎.山东胜利油田角07井注水地震序列的演化及其机制.地震学报,1990,12(4):399-406.Diao S Z,Jiang H K,Xu X Y.The evolution and mechanismof earthquake sequences induced by water injection in Jiao 7oil well of Shengli oil field,Shandong Province.ActaSeismologica Sinica(in Chinese),1990,12(4):399-406.
[9]朱丽霞,黄世源,魏红梅.荣昌地区注水地震研究.大地测量与地球动力学,2007,27(6):86-90.Zhu L X,Huang S Y,Wei H M.On fluid-injection inducedearthquake in Rongchang area.Journal of Geodesy andGeodynamics(in Chinese),2007,27(6):86-90.
[10]阮祥,程万正,张永久等.四川长宁盐矿井注水诱发地震研究,中国地震,2008,24(3):226-234.Ruan X,Cheng W Z,Zhang Y J,et al.Research of theearthquake induced by water injections in salt mines inChangning,Sichuan.Earthquake Research in China(inChinese),2008,24(3):226-234.
[11]Segall P.Earthquakes triggered by fluid extraction.Geology,1989,17(10):942-946.
[12]Raleigh C B,Healy J H,Bredehoeft J D.Faulting andcrustal stress at Rangely,Colorado.//Heard H C,Borg IY,Carter N L,et al eds.Flow and Fracture of Rocks(Griggs Volume):American Geophysical Union GeophysicalMonograph,1972,16:275-284.
[13]许志琴,候立伟,王宗秀等.中国松潘—甘孜造山带的造山过程.北京:地质出版社,1992:1-190.Xu Z Q,Hou L W,Wang Z X,et al.The Orogenic Processof the Songpan-Garze Orogenic Belt(in Chinese).Beijing:Beijing Publishing House,1992:1-190.
[14]周荣军,唐荣昌,雷建成.四川盆地潜在震源区的细致划分.四川地震,2005,(3):1-6.Zhou R J,Tang R C,Lei J C.Attentive seismic hazardmapping for Sichuan Basin.Earthquake Research in Sichuan(in Chinese),2005,(3):1-6.
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[16]钱洪.四川断裂活动的区域性差异及其与区域地壳运动的关系.地震研究,1995,18(1):49-55.Qian H.Regional variation of fault movement in Sichuan andits relation to regional crustal movement.Journal ofSeismological Research(in Chinese),1995,18(1):49-55.
[17]李勇,曾允孚.试论龙门山逆冲推覆作用的沉积响应——以成都盆地为例.矿物岩石,1994,14(1):58-66.Li Y,Zeng Y F.On the sedimentary response to thrusting ofLongmenshan thrust belt in Chengdu Basin.Journal ofMineralogy and Petrology(in Chinese),1994,14(1):58-66.
[18]张宝红,邱泽华.关于注水地震研究的几个问题.现代地质,1994,8(3):329-333.Zhang B H,Qiu Z H.On study of fluid injection earthquake.Geoscience(in Chinese),1994,8(3):329-333.
[19]赵根模,杨港生.注水诱发地震的震源应力场和尾波衰减特征.地震地质,1990,12(4):303-310.Zhao G M,Yang G S.Focal stress field by water injection-induced earthquakes and characteristics of coda waveattenuation.Seismology and Geology(in Chinese),1990,12(4):303-310.
[20]赵珠,张润生.四川地区地壳上地幔速度结构的初步研究.地震学报,1987,9(2):154-166.Zhao Z,Zhang R S.Primary study of crustal and uppermantle velocity structure of Sichuan Province.ActaSeismologicaSinica(in Chinese),1987,9(2):154-166.
[21]王椿镛,Mooney W D,王溪莉.川滇地区地壳上地幔三维速度结构研究.地震学报,2002,24(1):1-16.Wang C Y,Mooney W D,Wang X L.Study on 3-D velocitystructure of crust and upper mantle in Sichuan-Yunnanregion,China.Acta Seismologica Sinica(in Chinese),2002,24(1):1-16.
[22]马宏生,张国民,闻学泽等.川滇地区三维P波速度结构反演与构造分析.地球科学(中国地质大学学报),2008,33(5):591-602.Ma H S,Zhang G M,Wen X Z,et al.3-D P wave velocitystructure tomographic inversion and its tectonic interpretationin Southwest China.Earth Science(Journal of China Universityof Geosciences)(in Chinese),2008,33(5):591-602.
[23]Zhao L S,Helmberger D V.Source estimation frombroadband regional seismograms.Bull.Seism.Soc.Amer.,1994,84(1):91-104.
[24]Zhu L P,Helmberger D V.Advancement in sourceestimation techniques using broadband regional seismograms.Bull.Seism.Soc.Amer.,1996,86(5):1634-1641.
[25]郑勇,马宏生,吕坚等.汶川地震强余震(MS≥5.6)的震源机制解及其与发震构造的关系.中国科学D辑,2009,39(4):413-426.Zheng Y,Ma H S,LüJ,et al.Source machanism of strongaftershocks(MS≥5.6)of the 2008/05/12Wenchuan earthquakeand the implication for seismotectonics.Sciencein China(Series D),2009,52(6):739-753.
[26]吕坚,郑勇,倪四道等.2005年11月26日九江—瑞昌MS5.7、MS4.8地震的震源机制解与发震构造研究.地球物理学报,2008,51(1):158-164.LüJ,Zheng Y,Ni S D,et al.Focal mechanisms andseismogenic structures of the MS5.7and MS4.8Jiujiang-Ruichang earthquakes of Nov.26,2005.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2008,51(1):158-164.
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