“4·20”芦山地震地质灾害特征分析
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摘要
2013年4月20日四川省芦山7级地震是"5.12"汶川地震后龙门山断裂带又一次强烈地震,初步统计地震触发了1800余处具有危害性的地质灾害点,比地震前增加了14%。地质灾害高发区位于Ⅷ、Ⅸ烈度区的龙门-宝盛-太平-双石、大溪-灵关-中坝-穆坪等区域。地质灾害主要类型为浅层滑坡与崩塌、落石,以崩塌体最为显著,失稳模式为震动-拉裂-滑移、震动-拉裂-错落、震动-偏心滚落3种。地震地质灾害除受控于强震触发作用,陡峻的地形地貌、地形与高程放大效应特征突出,同时软弱的岩性、强风化卸荷作用也是地质灾害产生的物质基础。地震崩塌、滚石的危险区范围Dmax=(0.7～1.3)Hmax,滚石的运动距离dmax≈1.1404 Hmax+6.42,与汶川地震崩塌的研究成果是吻合的。
The "4·20" Lushan earthquake is another strong earthquake occurred in the Longmenshan fault zone after the "5·12" Wenchuan earthquake.The Lushan earthquake triggered more than 1800 harmful geological hazards,which increased by 14 percent than before the earthquake.The areas where geological hazards occur high frequently are located in that with Ⅷ and Ⅸ grade intensity,including Longmen-Baosheng-Taiping-Shuangshi and Daxi-Lingguan-Zhongba-Muping.The main types of geological hazards include shallow landslides and collapses,rockfall,particularly the collapsed bodies.Their failure mode is vibration-fracturing-sliding,vibration-fracturing-scattered and vibration-eccentric rolling.Besides the earthquake triggering effect the earthquake geological hazards are controlled by the prominent characteristics of steep topography,terrain and elevation amplification effect.And the weak lithology and the strongly weathered unloading rock mass are the material basis of geological hazards.According to the field survey,many geological hazards are directly caused by the earthquake casualties.The range of the earthquake collapse and rockfall danger zone is Dmax=(0.7~1.3)Hmax and the rockfall movement distance is dmax≈1.1404Hmax+6.42.These are consistent with the research results of the Wenchuan earthquake's collapse.
The "4·20" Lushan earthquake is another strong earthquake occurred in the Longmenshan fault zone after the "5·12" Wenchuan earthquake.The Lushan earthquake triggered more than 1800 harmful geological hazards,which increased by 14 percent than before the earthquake.The areas where geological hazards occur high frequently are located in that with Ⅷ and Ⅸ grade intensity,including Longmen-Baosheng-Taiping-Shuangshi and Daxi-Lingguan-Zhongba-Muping.The main types of geological hazards include shallow landslides and collapses,rockfall,particularly the collapsed bodies.Their failure mode is vibration-fracturing-sliding,vibration-fracturing-scattered and vibration-eccentric rolling.Besides the earthquake triggering effect the earthquake geological hazards are controlled by the prominent characteristics of steep topography,terrain and elevation amplification effect.And the weak lithology and the strongly weathered unloading rock mass are the material basis of geological hazards.According to the field survey,many geological hazards are directly caused by the earthquake casualties.The range of the earthquake collapse and rockfall danger zone is Dmax=(0.7~1.3)Hmax and the rockfall movement distance is dmax≈1.1404Hmax+6.42.These are consistent with the research results of the Wenchuan earthquake's collapse.
引文
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[3]黄润秋,唐川,李勇,等.汶川地震地质灾害研究[M].北京:科学出版社,2009.Huang R Q,Tang C,Li Y,et al.Geo-hazard As-sessment of the Wenchuan Earthquake[M].Beijing:Science Press,2009.(In Chinese)
[4]黄润秋,裴向军,李天斌.汶川地震触发大光包巨型滑坡基本特征及形成机理分析[J].工程地质学报,2008,16(6):730-741.Huang R Q,Pei X J,Li T B.Basic characteristic andformation mechanism of the largest scale landslide atDaguangbao occurred during the Wenchuan earth-quake[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2008,16(6):730-741.(In Chinese)
[5]殷跃平.汶川八级地震地质灾害研究[J].工程地质学报,2008,16(4):433-444.Yin Y P.Researches on the Geo-hazards triggered byWenchuan earthquake,Sichuan[J].Journal of Engi-neering Geology,2008,16(4):433-444.(In Chi-nese)
[6]张倬元,王士天,王兰生,等.工程地质分析原理[M].北京:地质出版社,2009.Zhang Z Y,Wang S T,Wang L S,et al.Engineer-ing Geology Analysis Principle[M].Beijing:Geolog-ical Publishing House,2009.(In Chinese)
[7]冯文凯,黄润秋,许强.地震波效应与山体斜坡震裂机理深入分析[J].西北地震学报,2011,33(1):20-25.Feng W K,Huang R Q,Xu Q.In-depth analysis ofthe seismic wave effect and slope shattered mecha-nism[J].Northwestern Seismological Journal,2011,33(1):20-25.(In Chinese)
[8]冯文凯,许强,黄润秋.斜坡震裂变形力学机制初探[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(增刊1):3124-3130.Feng W K,Xu Q,Huang R Q.Preliminary study onmechanical mechanism of slope earthquake-induceddeformation[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanicsand Engineering,2009,28(S1):3124-3130.(InChinese)
[9]殷跃平,王猛,李滨,等.汶川地震大光包滑坡动力响应特征研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(10):1969-1982.Yin Y P,Wang M,Li B,et al.Dynamic responsecharacteristics of Daguangbao landslide triggered byWenchuan earthquake[J].Rock Mechanics and Engi-neering,2012,31(10):1969-1982.(In Chinese)
[10]许强,裴向军,黄润秋,等.汶川地震大型滑坡研究[M].北京:科学出版社,2009.Xu Q,Pei X J,Huang R Q,et al.Large LandslideResearch in Wenchuan Earthquake[M].Beijing:Science Press,2009.(In Chinese)
[11]裴向军,黄润秋,李世贵.强震崩塌岩体冲击桥墩动力响应研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2011,30(增刊2):3995-4001.Pei X J,Huang R Q,Li S G.Study of dynamic re-sponse of bridge pier shocked by falling rock inducedby intensive earthquake[J].Rock Mechanics andEngineering,2011,30(S2):3995-4001.(In Chi-nese)
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