昆仑山强震前的震颤波并非源自慢地震
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摘要
2001年11月14日的昆仑山Ms8.1级地震前几天,中国地震台网多个台站都观测到了持续数天的低频震颤波信号.由于这些震颤波发生在强震前,所以备受关注.多年来研究人员对该震颤波的产生原因进行过多方探讨,但没有定论.该震颤波信号是否源自强震区的慢地震?是否是地震前兆?或为其它因素?为了回答这些问题,我们从多方面分析和研究了昆仑山强震前中国大陆宽频地震仪所观测的震颤波信号的特征、持续时间、震颤波强度变化与大规模大气运动的关系、信号强度随观测空间的衰减变化特征.结果表明:中国大陆宽频地震仪在昆仑山强震前观测到的震颤波由两个信号组成,其中11月10日开始出现,主要频率范围0.15～0.22Hz(周期约4～7s)、持续时间在10—13日的震颤波,主要由同时间段内发生在西太平洋的强台风玲玲(Ling Ling)引发;而11月11日开始出现,主要频率范围0.1～0.13Hz(周期7～10s)、持续时间在11—12日的震颤波,不是来自昆仑山强震区的慢地震,而是由来自欧洲北部及欧亚大陆的强温带气旋引发.
A few days before the western Kunlun mountain pass earthquake of Ms8.1 on November 14,2001,a number of Chinese seismic stations observed low-frequency anomalous tremor wave signals which lasted several days.Because these tremor waves have been observed before the earthquake,so they got full attention.For many years,many researchers discussed the cause of the tremor waves,but the question is still not settled yet.Is the tremor wave from a slow earthquake event in the Kunlun mountain pass earthquake region? Is it the earthquake precursor or due to other factors? To answer these questions,we make use of the continuous data recorded by broadband seismometers in 10 stations in China seismic network before the Kunlun mountain pass earthquake,to analyze and research the tremor wave signal in characteristics,the duration,the tremor wave magnitude changes and large-scale atmospheric motion,the relationship between the signal amplitude with observation of the space change characteristics attenuation in this article.The results show that the tremor wave signal before the Kunlun mountain pass earthquake in November of 2001 consists of two components.One began to appear on November 10,lasted from November 10—13,with the main frequency of 0.15~0.22 Hz(period of 4~7 s),and was caused by the western Pacific typhoon Ling Ling.The other one began to appear November 11,lasted from November 11—12,with main frequency of 0.1~0.13 Hz(period of 7~10 s),was neither a slow earthquake event from the Kunlun mountain pass earthquake area,but caused by strong extratropical cyclone movement in Eurasia.
A few days before the western Kunlun mountain pass earthquake of Ms8.1 on November 14,2001,a number of Chinese seismic stations observed low-frequency anomalous tremor wave signals which lasted several days.Because these tremor waves have been observed before the earthquake,so they got full attention.For many years,many researchers discussed the cause of the tremor waves,but the question is still not settled yet.Is the tremor wave from a slow earthquake event in the Kunlun mountain pass earthquake region? Is it the earthquake precursor or due to other factors? To answer these questions,we make use of the continuous data recorded by broadband seismometers in 10 stations in China seismic network before the Kunlun mountain pass earthquake,to analyze and research the tremor wave signal in characteristics,the duration,the tremor wave magnitude changes and large-scale atmospheric motion,the relationship between the signal amplitude with observation of the space change characteristics attenuation in this article.The results show that the tremor wave signal before the Kunlun mountain pass earthquake in November of 2001 consists of two components.One began to appear on November 10,lasted from November 10—13,with the main frequency of 0.15~0.22 Hz(period of 4~7 s),and was caused by the western Pacific typhoon Ling Ling.The other one began to appear November 11,lasted from November 11—12,with main frequency of 0.1~0.13 Hz(period of 7~10 s),was neither a slow earthquake event from the Kunlun mountain pass earthquake area,but caused by strong extratropical cyclone movement in Eurasia.
引文
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[10]Rubinstein J L,La Rocca M,Vidale J E,et al.Tidalmodulation of nonvolcanic tremor.Science,2008,319(5860):186-189.
[11]Gomberg J,Rubinstein J L,Peng Z G,et al.Widespreadtriggering of nonvolcanic tremor in California.Science,2008,319(5860):173.
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[13]Richardson E,Marone C.What triggers tremor.Science,2008,319(5860):166-167.
[14]Liu C C,Linde A T,Sacks I S.Slow earthquakes triggeredby typhoons.Nature,2009,459(7248):833-836.
[15]胡小刚,郝晓光.汶川大地震宽带地震仪短临异常及成因初探.地球物理学报,2008,51(6):1726-1734.Hu X G,Hao X G.The short-term anomalies detected bybroadband seismographs before the May 12 Wenchuanearthquake,Sichuan,China.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2008,51(6):1726-1734.
[16]傅容珊,万柯松,崇加军等.地震前兆还是其他因素?——与“汶川大地震宽带地震仪短临异常及成因初探”作者商榷.地球物理学报,2009,52(2):584-589.Fu R S,Wan K S,Chong J J,et al.Earthquake auspice orother factor?—Discuss with authors of the paper“Theshort-term anomalies detected by broadband seismographsbefore the May 12 Wenchuan earthquake,Sichuan,China”.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2009,52(2):584-589.
[17]张雁滨,蒋骏,李胜乐等.热带气旋引起的震颤波.地球物理学报,2010,53(2):335-341.Zhang Y B,Jiang J,Li S L,et al.The tropic cyclone arousedthe tremor.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2010,53(2):335-341.
[18]蒋骏,张雁滨,李畅等.汶川8.0级地震前的“震颤异常波”甄别.国际地震动态,2009,(4):35.Jiang J,Zhang Y B,Li C,et al.“The tremor anomalieswave”screening before the May 12 Wenchuan earthquake,Sichuan,China.Recent Developments in World Seismology(in Chinese),2009,(4):35.
[19]张雁滨,蒋骏,李畅.昆仑山口西和新疆于田两次强震前的震颤信号.∥中国地震学会成立三十年学术研讨会论文摘要集.北京:地震出版社,2009:93.Zhang Y B,Jiang J,Li C.The tremor before the strongearthquakes(West to Kunlun Mount 8.1and Yutian 7.3).∥China Earthquake Association Established 30 YearsInternational Symposium(in Chinese).Beijing:SeismologicalPress,2009:93.
[20]胡小刚,郝晓光.强台风对汶川大地震和昆仑山大地震“震前扰动”影响的分析.地球物理学报,2009,52(5):1363-1375.Hu X G,Hao X G.An analysis of the influences of typhoonon anomalous tremors before the great Wenchuan andKunlunshan earthquakes.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2009,52(5):1363-1375.
[21]夏英杰,倪四道,曾祥方.汶川地震前地脉动信号的单台法研究.地球物理学报,2011,54(10):2590-2596.Xia Y J,Ni S D,Zeng X F.Polarization research on seismicnoise before Wenchuan Earthquake.Chinese J.Geophys.(inChinese),2011,54(10):2590-2596.
[22]蒋骏,张雁滨,林钢等.应用地震连续形变观测技术有效监测地震前兆.大地测量与地球动力学,2011,31(4):10-17.Jiang J,Zhang Y B,Lin G,et al.Application of seismicdeformation observation techniques to effectively monitorearthquake precursor.Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics(in Chinese),2011,31(4):10-17.
[23]蒋骏,张雁滨,林钢等.固体潮观测中的震颤异常波.地球物理学报,2012,55(2):462-471.Jiang J,Zhang Y B,Lin G,et al.The tidal instrumentsrecorded abnormal tremor wave.ChineseJ.Geophys.(inChinese),2012,55(2):462-471.
[24]Rhie J,Romanowicz B.A study of the relation betweenocean storms and the Earth′s hum.Geochem.Geophys.Geosyst.,2006,7(10),doi:10.1029/2006GC001274.
[25]Bromirski P D.Vibrations from the“Perfect Storm”.Geochem.Geophys.Geosyst.,2001,2(7):doi:10.1029/2000GC000119.
[26]Longuet-Higgins M S.A theory of the origin of microseisms.Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London,Series A,Mathematical and Physical Sciences,1950,243(857):1-35.
[2]张雁滨,蒋骏,廖盈春等.宽频地震计及倾斜、重力仪对长周期波动信号的综合观测.地震学报,2008,30(6):626-633.Zhang Y B,Jiang J,Liao Y C,et al.Joint observation oflong period tremor signals with broadband seismometer,tiltmeter and gravimeter.Acta Seismologica Sinica(inChinese),2008,30(6):626-633.
[3]张雁滨,蒋骏,吕永清等.宽频地震观测中强震前的异常波动信号探究.国际地震动态,2008,(11):37.Zhang Y B,Jiang J,LüY Q,et al.Research of abnormalouswave before a strong earthquake by broadband seismometerobservation.RecentDevelopmentsin WorldSeismology(inChinese),2008,(11):37.
[4]蒋骏,张雁滨,廖盈春等.潮汐测量中异常“震颤”信号的综合观测试验与挖掘.国际地震动态,2008,(11):121.Jiang J,Zhang Y B,Liao Y C,et al.Syntheticexperimentation and excavation of abnormal tremors withtidal measurement.Recent Developments in World Seismology(in Chinese),2008,(11):121.
[5]蒋骏,陈德璁,林钢等.DZW重力仪和VS-1倾斜仪的传递函数与响应特征.大地测量与地球动力学,2010,30(3):151-155.Jiang J,Chen D C,Lin G,et al.Transfer functions andresponses of DZW gravimeter and VS-1tiltmeter.Journal ofGeodesy and Geodynamics(in Chinese),2010,30(3):151-155.
[6]Obara K.Nonvolcanic deep tremor associated with subduction insouthwest Japan.Science,2002,296(5573):1679-1681.
[7]Rogers G,Dragert H.Episodic tremor and slip on theCascadia subduction zone:The chatter of silent slip.Science,2003,300(5627):1942-1943.
[8]Shelly D R,Beroza G C,Ide S,et al.Low-frequencyearthquakes in Shikoku,Japan,and their relationship toepisodic tremor and slip.Nature,2006,442(7099):188-191.
[9]Ito Y,Obara K,Shiomi K,et al.Slow earthquakescoincident with episodic tremors and slow slip events.Science,2007,315(5811):503-506.
[10]Rubinstein J L,La Rocca M,Vidale J E,et al.Tidalmodulation of nonvolcanic tremor.Science,2008,319(5860):186-189.
[11]Gomberg J,Rubinstein J L,Peng Z G,et al.Widespreadtriggering of nonvolcanic tremor in California.Science,2008,319(5860):173.
[12]Shelly D R,Beroza G C,Ide S.Non-volcanic tremor and low-frequency earthquake swarms.Nature,2007,446(7133):305-307.
[13]Richardson E,Marone C.What triggers tremor.Science,2008,319(5860):166-167.
[14]Liu C C,Linde A T,Sacks I S.Slow earthquakes triggeredby typhoons.Nature,2009,459(7248):833-836.
[15]胡小刚,郝晓光.汶川大地震宽带地震仪短临异常及成因初探.地球物理学报,2008,51(6):1726-1734.Hu X G,Hao X G.The short-term anomalies detected bybroadband seismographs before the May 12 Wenchuanearthquake,Sichuan,China.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2008,51(6):1726-1734.
[16]傅容珊,万柯松,崇加军等.地震前兆还是其他因素?——与“汶川大地震宽带地震仪短临异常及成因初探”作者商榷.地球物理学报,2009,52(2):584-589.Fu R S,Wan K S,Chong J J,et al.Earthquake auspice orother factor?—Discuss with authors of the paper“Theshort-term anomalies detected by broadband seismographsbefore the May 12 Wenchuan earthquake,Sichuan,China”.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2009,52(2):584-589.
[17]张雁滨,蒋骏,李胜乐等.热带气旋引起的震颤波.地球物理学报,2010,53(2):335-341.Zhang Y B,Jiang J,Li S L,et al.The tropic cyclone arousedthe tremor.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2010,53(2):335-341.
[18]蒋骏,张雁滨,李畅等.汶川8.0级地震前的“震颤异常波”甄别.国际地震动态,2009,(4):35.Jiang J,Zhang Y B,Li C,et al.“The tremor anomalieswave”screening before the May 12 Wenchuan earthquake,Sichuan,China.Recent Developments in World Seismology(in Chinese),2009,(4):35.
[19]张雁滨,蒋骏,李畅.昆仑山口西和新疆于田两次强震前的震颤信号.∥中国地震学会成立三十年学术研讨会论文摘要集.北京:地震出版社,2009:93.Zhang Y B,Jiang J,Li C.The tremor before the strongearthquakes(West to Kunlun Mount 8.1and Yutian 7.3).∥China Earthquake Association Established 30 YearsInternational Symposium(in Chinese).Beijing:SeismologicalPress,2009:93.
[20]胡小刚,郝晓光.强台风对汶川大地震和昆仑山大地震“震前扰动”影响的分析.地球物理学报,2009,52(5):1363-1375.Hu X G,Hao X G.An analysis of the influences of typhoonon anomalous tremors before the great Wenchuan andKunlunshan earthquakes.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2009,52(5):1363-1375.
[21]夏英杰,倪四道,曾祥方.汶川地震前地脉动信号的单台法研究.地球物理学报,2011,54(10):2590-2596.Xia Y J,Ni S D,Zeng X F.Polarization research on seismicnoise before Wenchuan Earthquake.Chinese J.Geophys.(inChinese),2011,54(10):2590-2596.
[22]蒋骏,张雁滨,林钢等.应用地震连续形变观测技术有效监测地震前兆.大地测量与地球动力学,2011,31(4):10-17.Jiang J,Zhang Y B,Lin G,et al.Application of seismicdeformation observation techniques to effectively monitorearthquake precursor.Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics(in Chinese),2011,31(4):10-17.
[23]蒋骏,张雁滨,林钢等.固体潮观测中的震颤异常波.地球物理学报,2012,55(2):462-471.Jiang J,Zhang Y B,Lin G,et al.The tidal instrumentsrecorded abnormal tremor wave.ChineseJ.Geophys.(inChinese),2012,55(2):462-471.
[24]Rhie J,Romanowicz B.A study of the relation betweenocean storms and the Earth′s hum.Geochem.Geophys.Geosyst.,2006,7(10),doi:10.1029/2006GC001274.
[25]Bromirski P D.Vibrations from the“Perfect Storm”.Geochem.Geophys.Geosyst.,2001,2(7):doi:10.1029/2000GC000119.
[26]Longuet-Higgins M S.A theory of the origin of microseisms.Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London,Series A,Mathematical and Physical Sciences,1950,243(857):1-35.
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