海洋天然气水合物的地震识别方法研究
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摘要
天然气水合物作为 2 1世纪新的自然能源将为人类的生存发展服务。 2 0世纪 6 0年代证实 ,俄罗斯西伯利亚的麦索亚哈气田为典型的天然气水合物形成的气田 ,70年代又在海底发现了固体天然气水合物岩样。 1971年 ,R Stoll首先将地震剖面中的似海底反射层解释为海洋天然气水合物存在的标志 ,后来被深海钻探证实 ,从此地震方法成为大面积研究天然气水合物的重要手段。天然气水合物既是潜在能源 ,也是影响环境和形成灾害的因素之一 ,因此 ,研究天然气水合物是人类在 2 1世纪的重要课题。探讨海洋天然气水合物的地震识别方法 ,由于这项工作刚刚起步 ,还没有做出具体的成果 ,在此只能根据我们仅有的工作和参照国外公开的出版物 ,以及出国访问得到的有关资料进行分析 ,提出我们的一些基本设想 ,与各位专家探讨
Gas hydrate is to support the survival and development of human beings as a new natural energy for the 21st century. It was proven in 1960's, that Messoyakha, a large gas field in Siberia of Russia was a typical field composed of natural gas hydrate, and in 1970's, solid gas hydrate samples were collected from seafloor. In 1971, R Stoll for the first time interpreted BSR (bottom simulating reflector) in seismic sections as the marker of the existence of marine gas hydrate, and the interpretation was confirmed by the following deep-sea drillings. And from then on, this seismic method has become important means to study natural gas hydrate in wide area. Recognition methods of gas hydrate are represented by BSR recognition technique, seismic parameter inversion study, seismic digital modeling and physical modeling, reserves estimation and data hi-fi processing. These methods are interdependent and controlling on each other and can be taken as integration. If we pay much attention to individual method and neglect the comprehensive study done by the integration, the effectiveness of the seismic recognition will be limited. According to some preliminary results got from researching processes, sea areas favorable for the formation of gas hydrate in China are the Okinawa Trough in the East China Sea, area off eastern coast of Taiwan, continental margin in the north of the South China Sea and the Nansha Trough. The present studies, however, are just at the beginning and needed to be proven. Much work should be done to innovate on traditional behaviors and not to exactly follow foreign models and China's own specialties should be considered.
Gas hydrate is to support the survival and development of human beings as a new natural energy for the 21st century. It was proven in 1960's, that Messoyakha, a large gas field in Siberia of Russia was a typical field composed of natural gas hydrate, and in 1970's, solid gas hydrate samples were collected from seafloor. In 1971, R Stoll for the first time interpreted BSR (bottom simulating reflector) in seismic sections as the marker of the existence of marine gas hydrate, and the interpretation was confirmed by the following deep-sea drillings. And from then on, this seismic method has become important means to study natural gas hydrate in wide area. Recognition methods of gas hydrate are represented by BSR recognition technique, seismic parameter inversion study, seismic digital modeling and physical modeling, reserves estimation and data hi-fi processing. These methods are interdependent and controlling on each other and can be taken as integration. If we pay much attention to individual method and neglect the comprehensive study done by the integration, the effectiveness of the seismic recognition will be limited. According to some preliminary results got from researching processes, sea areas favorable for the formation of gas hydrate in China are the Okinawa Trough in the East China Sea, area off eastern coast of Taiwan, continental margin in the north of the South China Sea and the Nansha Trough. The present studies, however, are just at the beginning and needed to be proven. Much work should be done to innovate on traditional behaviors and not to exactly follow foreign models and China's own specialties should be considered.
引文
[1] 马在田,宋海斌,孙建国.海洋天然气水合物的地球物理探测技术[J].地球物理学进展,2000,15(3);1-6.
[2] BermerU,FaberE.Hydrocarbon gases in surface sedimentsof theSouthChinaSea[A ].MarineGeology andGeophysicsof theSouthChinaSea[M].Beijing:ChinaOceanPress,1992.199-211.
[3] 姚伯初.南海北部陆缘天然气水合物初探[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质.1998,18(4):11-18.
[4] 宋海斌,耿建华,等.南海北部东沙海域天然气水合物的初步研究[J].地球物理学报,2001,44(5):687-695.
[5] HyndmanR D,SpenceG D,et al.GeophysicalStudies ofMa-rineGasHydrate inNorthernCascadia[A ].NaturalGasHy-drate:Occurrence,Distribution andDetection[C].Geophysi-calMonograph124,AmericanGeophysicalU nion,2001:273-295.
[6] KennettB,KerryJ.Seism ic waves in stratified halfspace[J].GeophysJ,R Astron.Soc.,1979,57:557-583.
[7] KormendiF,et al.Natural gas hydrates on the southeastU.S.margin[J].JGR,1997,102(B7):15345-15365.
[8] YuanT,SpieuceD,HyndmanD.Seismic velocity studies of agas hydrate bottom-sim ulating reflector on the northernCas-cadia coubinental m argin:Am plitude modeling and full wave-form inversion[J].JGR,1999,104(B1):1179-1191.
[9] EckerC,et al.Sediments with gas hydrates:Internal struc-ture from seismicAVO[J].Geophysics,65(5):1659-1669
[2] BermerU,FaberE.Hydrocarbon gases in surface sedimentsof theSouthChinaSea[A ].MarineGeology andGeophysicsof theSouthChinaSea[M].Beijing:ChinaOceanPress,1992.199-211.
[3] 姚伯初.南海北部陆缘天然气水合物初探[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质.1998,18(4):11-18.
[4] 宋海斌,耿建华,等.南海北部东沙海域天然气水合物的初步研究[J].地球物理学报,2001,44(5):687-695.
[5] HyndmanR D,SpenceG D,et al.GeophysicalStudies ofMa-rineGasHydrate inNorthernCascadia[A ].NaturalGasHy-drate:Occurrence,Distribution andDetection[C].Geophysi-calMonograph124,AmericanGeophysicalU nion,2001:273-295.
[6] KennettB,KerryJ.Seism ic waves in stratified halfspace[J].GeophysJ,R Astron.Soc.,1979,57:557-583.
[7] KormendiF,et al.Natural gas hydrates on the southeastU.S.margin[J].JGR,1997,102(B7):15345-15365.
[8] YuanT,SpieuceD,HyndmanD.Seismic velocity studies of agas hydrate bottom-sim ulating reflector on the northernCas-cadia coubinental m argin:Am plitude modeling and full wave-form inversion[J].JGR,1999,104(B1):1179-1191.
[9] EckerC,et al.Sediments with gas hydrates:Internal struc-ture from seismicAVO[J].Geophysics,65(5):1659-1669
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