射孔校正速度对微地震定位精度的影响
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摘要
微地震监测定位中,速度模型的准确性对定位精度起着至关重要的作用.在非常规油气藏压裂的微地震监测中,往往根据分段射孔或导爆索触发地震波达到对地下速度模型反演及相关参数校正的目的.然而受射孔的数量及记录信噪比的影响,使得基于射孔资料反演的速度模型不能完全表征整个区域的准确速度值,从而最终影响速度反演及定位的精度.压裂涉及区域微地震震源位置是未知的,这无疑让定位精度的验证变得极其困难.文章基于速度模型与传播路径的旅行时关系公式推导得出速度模型反演存在误差的原因,并得出定位精度与微地震事件和检波器之间距离的关系.结合理论数值模拟的定量分析表明,经过射孔资料校正的速度能够较高精度地对射孔附近的微地震事件定位,而对偏离射孔位置较远的微地震事件将出现较大的定位误差,通过实际射孔资料的重定位及分段压裂微地震事件定位结果有效地验证了该论点,从而为基于微地震信息的压裂裂缝体的评判提供必要的指导.
The accuracy of the velocity model has an important role in microseismic monitoring location.It is always inverting the velocity model and some other characters by seismic wave which triggered by multi-stage perforations and shots.However,the velocity model can't represent the overall underground velocity because of the limited perforation number and the S/N ratio of the recording,and eventually affects the location precision.It is also difficult to testify the location precision because the microseismic location which the fracturing concerned is unknown.Based on the specific velocity model and travel time relation formula,the paper concludes the factor which caused the inverted velocity error,and gets the idea that the location precision is concerned with the propagation path of the perforation and microseismic.Combined with the numerical analysis and the actual data microseismic event location,it has the relationship that the nearer distance between the perforation and microseismic location,the higher location precision.Eventually,it will direct the fracturing fracture interpretation based on the microseismic location distribution.
The accuracy of the velocity model has an important role in microseismic monitoring location.It is always inverting the velocity model and some other characters by seismic wave which triggered by multi-stage perforations and shots.However,the velocity model can't represent the overall underground velocity because of the limited perforation number and the S/N ratio of the recording,and eventually affects the location precision.It is also difficult to testify the location precision because the microseismic location which the fracturing concerned is unknown.Based on the specific velocity model and travel time relation formula,the paper concludes the factor which caused the inverted velocity error,and gets the idea that the location precision is concerned with the propagation path of the perforation and microseismic.Combined with the numerical analysis and the actual data microseismic event location,it has the relationship that the nearer distance between the perforation and microseismic location,the higher location precision.Eventually,it will direct the fracturing fracture interpretation based on the microseismic location distribution.
引文
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[12]王辉,常旭.基于图形结构的三维射线追踪方法[J].地球物理学报,2000,43(4):534-541.Wang H,Chang X.3-D ray tracing method based on graphicstructure[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2000,43(4):534-541.
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[16]叶根喜,姜福兴,杨淑华.时窗能量特征法拾取微地震波初始到时的可行性研究[J].地球物理学进展,2008,51(5):1574-1581.Ye G X,Jiang F X,Yang S H.Possibility of automaticallypicking first arrival of microseismic wave by energyeigenvalue method[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2008,51(5):1574-1581.
[17]高尔根,徐果明,赵焱.一种任意界面的逐段迭代射线追踪方法[J].石油地球物理勘探,1998,33(1):54-60.Gao E G,Xu G M,Zhao Y.Segmentally iterative ray tracingmethod for any interface[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting(inChinese),1998,33(1):54-60.
[18]宋维琪,刘军,陈伟.改进射线追踪算法的微震源反演[J].物探与化探,2008,32(3):275-277.Song W Q,Liu J,Chen W.Micro-earthquake sourceinversion of an improved ray tracing algorithm[J].Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration(in Chinese),2008,32(3):275-277.
[19]Paul L S,Mrinal K S.Nonlinear multi-parameter optimizationusing genetic algorithms:Inversion of plane-wave seismograms[J].Geophysics,1991,56(11):1794-1810.
[20]Raghu K C,Marinal K S,Paul L S.Hybrid optimizationmethods for geophysical inversion[J].Geophysics,1997,62(4):1196-1207.
[21]徐果明.反演理论及其应用[M].北京:地震出版社,2003.Xu G M.Inversion Theory and Applications(in Chinese)[M].Beijing:Seismological Press,2003.
[22]万永革,李鸿吉.遗传算法在确定震源位置中的应用[J].地震地磁观测与研究,1995,16(6):1-7.Wan Y G,Li H J.The preliminary study on the seismichypocenter location using genetic algorithms[J].Seismological and Geomagnetic Observation and Research(inChinese),1995,16(6):1-7.
[23]张小红,李星星,郭斐,等.基于服务系统的实时精密单点定位技术及应用研究[J].地球物理学报,2010,53(6):1308-1314.Zhang X H,Li X X,Guo F,et al.Server-based real-timeprecise point positioning and its application[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2010,53(6):1308-1314.
[24]田玥,陈晓非.地震定位研究综述[J].地球物理学进展,2002,17(1):147-155.Tian Y,Chen X F.Review of seismic location study[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2002,17(1):147-155.
[25]金星,张红才,李军,等.地震预警连续定位方法研究[J].地球物理学报,2012,55(3):925-936.Jin X,Zhang H C,Li J,et al.Research on continuouslocation method used in earthquake early warning system[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2012,55(3):925-936.
[26]Albert T,Bernard V.Inverse problems=Quest for information[J].Journal of the Geophysics,1982,50:159-170.
[27]Bancroft J C,Wong J.Sensitivity measurements for locatingmicroseismic events using first arrival clock-times[C].SEGHouston 2009International Exposition and Annual Meeting,2009:1557-1561.
[2]王治中,邓金根,赵振峰,等.井下微地震裂缝监测设计及压裂效果评价[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2006,26(6):76-79.Wang Z Z,Deng J G,Zhao Z F,et al.Downhole microseismicfracture monitoring design and fracturing results analysis[J].Petroleum Geology&Oilfield Development in Daqing(inChinese),2006,26(6):76-79.
[3]刘先灵.水力压裂实时监测及解释技术研究与应用[D].成都:西南石油学院,2003.
[4]刘百红,秦续英,郑四连,等.微地震监测技术及其在油田中的应用现状[J].勘探地球物理进展,2005,28(5):325-330.Liu B H,Qin X Y,Zheng S L,et al.Microseismic monitoringand its applications in oilfield operations[J].Progress inExploration Geophysics(in Chinese),2005,28(5):325-330.
[5]Ulrich Z,Henry B,Jing D.Accuracy of microseismic eventlocations recorded with single and distributed downhole sensorarrays[C].SEG Houston 2009International Exposition andAnnual Meeting,2009:1519-1524.
[6]Stephen W,Daniel R,Rob J.The effects of velocity structureon microseismic location estimates:a case study[C].SEGExpanded Abstracts,2003,22:1565-1568.
[7]Raymon L B.H orizontal velocity measurements usingmicroearthquake data[C].SEG Houston 2009InternationalExposition and Annual Meeting,2009:1586-1591.
[8]Irina O B.W hy anisotropy is important for location ofmicroearthquake events in shale[C].SEG Houston 2009International Exposition and Annual Meeting,2009:1632-1636.
[9]Pei D H,John A Q,Bruce E C,et al.Velocity calibration formicro-seismic monitoring:A very fast simulated annealing(VFSA)approach for joint-objective optimization[J].Geophysics,2009,74(6):47-55.
[10]Bardainne T,Gaucher E.Non-linear calibration of complex velocitymodels in microseismic jobs:Workshop on Passive Seismic[C].EAGE,Extended abstract,2009:22-25.
[11]Lomax A,Virieux J,Volant P,et al.Probabilistic earthquakelocation in 3D and layered models:Introduction of aMetropolis-Gibbs method and comparison with linearlocations[C].//Thurber C H,Rabinowitz N,eds.Advances in Seismic Event Location,2000:101-134.
[12]王辉,常旭.基于图形结构的三维射线追踪方法[J].地球物理学报,2000,43(4):534-541.Wang H,Chang X.3-D ray tracing method based on graphicstructure[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2000,43(4):534-541.
[13]张美根,程冰洁,李小凡,等.一种最短路径射线追踪的快速算法[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(5):1467-1474.Zhang M G,Cheng B J,Li X F,et al.A fast algorithm ofshortest path ray tracing[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(inChinese),2006,49(5):1467-1474.
[14]赵爱华,张中杰.三维复杂介质中转换波走时快速计算[J].地球物理学报,2004,47(4):702-707.Zhao A H,Zhang Z J.Fast calculation of converted wavetravel times in 3-D complex media[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2004,47(4):702-707.
[15]张美根,贾豫葛,王妙月,等.界面二次源波前扩展法全局最小走时射线追踪技术[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(4):1169-1175.Zhang M G,Jia Y G,Wang M Y,et al.A global minimumtravel time ray tracing algorithm of wavefront expanding withinterface points as secondary sources[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2006,49(4):1169-1175.
[16]叶根喜,姜福兴,杨淑华.时窗能量特征法拾取微地震波初始到时的可行性研究[J].地球物理学进展,2008,51(5):1574-1581.Ye G X,Jiang F X,Yang S H.Possibility of automaticallypicking first arrival of microseismic wave by energyeigenvalue method[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2008,51(5):1574-1581.
[17]高尔根,徐果明,赵焱.一种任意界面的逐段迭代射线追踪方法[J].石油地球物理勘探,1998,33(1):54-60.Gao E G,Xu G M,Zhao Y.Segmentally iterative ray tracingmethod for any interface[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting(inChinese),1998,33(1):54-60.
[18]宋维琪,刘军,陈伟.改进射线追踪算法的微震源反演[J].物探与化探,2008,32(3):275-277.Song W Q,Liu J,Chen W.Micro-earthquake sourceinversion of an improved ray tracing algorithm[J].Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration(in Chinese),2008,32(3):275-277.
[19]Paul L S,Mrinal K S.Nonlinear multi-parameter optimizationusing genetic algorithms:Inversion of plane-wave seismograms[J].Geophysics,1991,56(11):1794-1810.
[20]Raghu K C,Marinal K S,Paul L S.Hybrid optimizationmethods for geophysical inversion[J].Geophysics,1997,62(4):1196-1207.
[21]徐果明.反演理论及其应用[M].北京:地震出版社,2003.Xu G M.Inversion Theory and Applications(in Chinese)[M].Beijing:Seismological Press,2003.
[22]万永革,李鸿吉.遗传算法在确定震源位置中的应用[J].地震地磁观测与研究,1995,16(6):1-7.Wan Y G,Li H J.The preliminary study on the seismichypocenter location using genetic algorithms[J].Seismological and Geomagnetic Observation and Research(inChinese),1995,16(6):1-7.
[23]张小红,李星星,郭斐,等.基于服务系统的实时精密单点定位技术及应用研究[J].地球物理学报,2010,53(6):1308-1314.Zhang X H,Li X X,Guo F,et al.Server-based real-timeprecise point positioning and its application[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2010,53(6):1308-1314.
[24]田玥,陈晓非.地震定位研究综述[J].地球物理学进展,2002,17(1):147-155.Tian Y,Chen X F.Review of seismic location study[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2002,17(1):147-155.
[25]金星,张红才,李军,等.地震预警连续定位方法研究[J].地球物理学报,2012,55(3):925-936.Jin X,Zhang H C,Li J,et al.Research on continuouslocation method used in earthquake early warning system[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2012,55(3):925-936.
[26]Albert T,Bernard V.Inverse problems=Quest for information[J].Journal of the Geophysics,1982,50:159-170.
[27]Bancroft J C,Wong J.Sensitivity measurements for locatingmicroseismic events using first arrival clock-times[C].SEGHouston 2009International Exposition and Annual Meeting,2009:1557-1561.
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