紫坪铺水库与汶川地震关系的讨论
|
摘要
利用紫坪铺水库专用地震台站和加密地震台站资料,使用双差法完成了震前930次地震、汶川8级主震和5789次余震的重新定位,探讨了紫坪铺水库与汶川地震之间的关系,获得了有利于证明它们之间密切关联的事实:1)紫坪铺水库2005年蓄水之后出现了水磨、深溪沟和都江堰震群,地震应变能释放增加了200%,与库水位变化密切相关,在汶川地震前呈现出加速释放的现象;2)野外调查表明存在1条贯穿紫坪铺水库库区、走向NE的同震地表破裂带,与中滩铺断层位置一致;3)余震分布以中滩铺断层为界,西北上盘多,东南下盘少;4)利用P波初始到时重新确定出的汶川主震发震时刻为27分59.5秒,初始破裂深度在6～9km左右,直接位于水磨震群之下;5)汶川主震与发生在2008年4月5日水磨震群中的1次小震的各个台站到时差相同。
Using the observations of the Zipingpu reservoir seismic network(including seven short-period seismic stations,with an average station distance of 10km)of the period from July 2004 to 2009,and the data from January-December 2009 recorded by the intensive seismic observation network(six short-period seismic stations with the station spacing of 3km),930 foreshocks near Zipingpu reservoir,the main shock,and 5789aftershocks,as well as the initial rupture of the MS 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake were relocated with double difference location algorithm.Combined with the geological field investigations,the analysis of seismic activity in Zipingpu reservoir area,the distribution of coseismic surface rupture,the depth of initial rupture location of Wenchuan MS 8.0 earthquake,and the aftershock distribution,we find that the occurrence of MS 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake has close relation with Zipingpu reservoir: 1) The seismic swarms at the Shuimo,and Dujiangyan and Shenxigou area are 10 kilometers away from the reservoir,the seismic strain release caused by Zipingpu reservoir increased by 200%,and the release was closely related to water level changes and accelerated before the Wenchuan earthquake;2) There are two northeast directed coseismic surface rupture zones with 1m displacement along Zhongtanpu Fault;3) the aftershocks of Wenchuan earthquakes are mainly distributed on northwestern wall of the Zhongtanpu Fault;4) The relocation revealed that the Wenchuan earthquake occurred at 27minutes,59.5 seconds,the depth is between 6～9km;and 5) by comparison,the focal depths of the fore-shocks occurring on 2008-04-05 are about 7.8km,and the initial time of waveforms of this swarm is same as that of the MS 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake.
Using the observations of the Zipingpu reservoir seismic network(including seven short-period seismic stations,with an average station distance of 10km)of the period from July 2004 to 2009,and the data from January-December 2009 recorded by the intensive seismic observation network(six short-period seismic stations with the station spacing of 3km),930 foreshocks near Zipingpu reservoir,the main shock,and 5789aftershocks,as well as the initial rupture of the MS 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake were relocated with double difference location algorithm.Combined with the geological field investigations,the analysis of seismic activity in Zipingpu reservoir area,the distribution of coseismic surface rupture,the depth of initial rupture location of Wenchuan MS 8.0 earthquake,and the aftershock distribution,we find that the occurrence of MS 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake has close relation with Zipingpu reservoir: 1) The seismic swarms at the Shuimo,and Dujiangyan and Shenxigou area are 10 kilometers away from the reservoir,the seismic strain release caused by Zipingpu reservoir increased by 200%,and the release was closely related to water level changes and accelerated before the Wenchuan earthquake;2) There are two northeast directed coseismic surface rupture zones with 1m displacement along Zhongtanpu Fault;3) the aftershocks of Wenchuan earthquakes are mainly distributed on northwestern wall of the Zhongtanpu Fault;4) The relocation revealed that the Wenchuan earthquake occurred at 27minutes,59.5 seconds,the depth is between 6～9km;and 5) by comparison,the focal depths of the fore-shocks occurring on 2008-04-05 are about 7.8km,and the initial time of waveforms of this swarm is same as that of the MS 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake.
引文
①中国地震局,2008,http://www.csndmc.ac.cn/newweb/data.htm。
②李敏,汪雍熙,2008,紫坪铺水库诱发地震预测意见回顾与蓄水后的验证。
①同176页①。
②PDE,2008,http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eqinthenews/2008/us2008ryan/。
③Harvard,2008,http://www.globalcmt.org/cgi-bin/globalcmt-cgi-bin/CMT4/。
①同180页②
②同176页①。
陈九辉,刘启元,李顺成,等.2009.汶川MS8.0地震余震序列重新定位及其地震构造研究[J].地球物理学报,52(2):390—397.CHEN Jiu-hui,LIU Qing-yuan,LI Shun-cheng,et al.,2009.Seismotectonic study by relocation of the Wenchuan MS8.0earthquake sequence[J].Chinese J Geophys,52(2):390—397(in Chinese).
陈颙.2009.汶川地震是由水库蓄水引起的吗?[J].中国科学(D辑),39(3):257—259.CHEN Yong.2009.Did the reservoir impoundment trigger the Wenchuan earthquake?[J].Science in China(Ser D),52(4):431—433.
崔效峰,谢富仁.1999.利用震源机制解对中国西南及邻区进行应力分区的初步研究[J].地震学报,21(5):513—522.CUI Xiao-feng,XIE Fu-ren.1999.Preliminary research to determine stress districts from focal mechanism solutions inSouthwest China and its adjacent area[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,21(5):513—522(in Chinese).
崔效峰,谢富仁,张红艳.2006.川滇地区现代构造应力场分区及动力学意义[J].地震学报,28(5):451—461.CUI Xiao-feng,XIE Fu-ren,ZHANG Hong-yan.2006.Recent tectonic stress field zoning in Sichuan-Yunnan region andits dynamic interest[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,19(5):485—496.
丁原章.1989.水库诱发地震[M].北京:地震出版社.DING Yuan-zhang.1989.The Reservoir Induced Earthquake[M].Seismological Press,Beijing(in Chinese).
范晓.2008.汶川大地震地下的奥秘[J].中国国家地理,(6):101—139.FAN Xiao.2008.Wenchuan earthquake:Underground mysteries[J].Chinese National Geography,(6):101—139(inChinese).
傅淑芳,刘宝程.1991.地震学基础[M].北京:地震出版社.FU Shu-fang,LIU Bao-cheng.1991.An Introduction to Seismology[M].Seismological Press,Beijing(in Chinese).
胡先明,张永久,谢蓉华,等.2009.紫坪铺水库区小地震震源机制研究[J].地震地质,31(4):676—685.HU Xian-ming,ZHANG Yong-jiu,XIE Rong-hua,et al.2009.Research on focal mechanism of small earthquakes inZipingpu reservoir area[J].Seismology and Geology,31(4):676—685(in Chinese).
胡毓良,陈献程.1979.中国的水库地震及有关成因的讨论[J].地震地质,1(4):45—57.HU Yu-liang,CHEN Xian-cheng.1979.Discussion on the reservoir-induced earthquakes in China and some problemsrelated to their origin[J].Seismology and Geology,1(4):45—57(in Chinese).
黄媛,吴建平,张天中,等.2008.汶川8.0级大地震及其余震序列重定位研究[J].中国科学(D辑),38(10):1242—1249.HUANG Yuan,WU Jian-ping,ZHANG Tian-zhong,et al.2008.The relocation of Wenchuan MS8.0earthquake and itsaftershock sequence[J].Science in China(Ser D),38(10):1242—1249(in Chinese).
雷建设,赵大鹏,苏金蓉,等.2009.龙门山断裂带地壳精细结构与汶川地震发震机理[J].地球物理学报,52(2):339—345.LEI Jian-she,ZHAO Da-peng,SU Jin-rong,et al.2009.Fine seismic structure under the Longmenshan Fault zone andthe mechanism of the large Wenchuan earthquake[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,52(2):339—345(in Chi-nese).
雷兴林,马胜利,闻学泽,等.2008.地表水体对断层应力与地震时空分布影响的综合分析:以紫坪铺水库为例[J].地震地质,30(4):1046—1064.LEI Xing-lin,MA Sheng-li,WEN Xue-ze,et al.2008.Integrated analysis of stress and regional seismicity by surfaceloading:A case study of Zipingpu reservoir[J].Seismology and Geology,30(4):1046—1064(in Chinese).
刘启元,陈九辉,李顺成,等.2008.汶川MS8.0地震:川西流动地震台阵观测数据的初步分析[J].地震地质,30(3):584—596.LIU Qi-yuan,CHEN Jiu-hui,LI Shun-cheng,et al.2008.The MS8.0Wenchuan earthquake:Preliminary results fromthe western Sichuan mobile seismic array observations[J].Seismology and Geology,30(3):584—596(in Chi-nese).
卢显,张晓东,周龙泉,等.2010.紫坪铺水库库区地震精定位研究及分析[J].地震,30(2):10—30.LU Xian,ZHANG Xiao-dong,ZHOU Long-quan,et al.2010.Accurate relocation and analysis of earthquakes in the Zip-ingpu reservoir area,Sichuan,China[J].Earthquake,30(2):10—30(in Chinese).
马瑾.1987.构造物理学概论[M].北京:地震出版社.MA Jin.1987.An Introduction to Tectonophysics[M].Seismological Press,Beijing(in Chinese).
马瑾,陈顺云,扈小燕,等.2010.大陆地表温度场的时空变化与现今构造活动[J].地学前缘,17(4):1—14.MA Jin,CHEN Shun-yun,HU Xiao-yan,et al.2010.Spatial-temporal variation of the land surface temperature field andpresent-day tectonic activity[J].Earth Science Frontiers,17(4):1—14(in Chinese).
马文涛,徐锡伟,于贵华,等.2010.汶川地震发震构造应力场分析(摘要)[J].国际地震动态,6:18.MA Wen-tao,XU Xi-wei,YU Gui-hua,et al.2010.Analysis on the tectonic stress field of Wenchuan earthquake(Abstract)[J].Recent Developments in World Seismology,6:18.
王勤彩,陈章立,郑斯华.2009.汶川大地震余震序列震源机制的空间分段特征[J].科学通报,54(16):2348—2354.WANG Qin-cai,CHEN Zhang-li,ZHENG Si-hua.2009.Spatial segmentation characteristic of focal mechanism of after-shock sequence of Wenchuan earthquake[J].Chinese Sci Bull,54(16):2348—2354(in Chinese).
王卫明,赵连峰,李娟,等.2008.四川汶川8.0地震震源过程[J].地球物理学报,51(5):1403—1410.WANG Wei-ming,ZHAO Lian-feng,LI Juan,et al.2008.Rupture process of the MS8.0Wenchuan earthquake of Si-chuan,China[J].Chinese J Geophys,51(5):1403—1410(in Chinese).
徐锡伟,闻学泽,叶建青,等.2008.汶川MS8.0地震地表破裂带及其发震构造[J].地震地质,30(3):597—629.XU Xi-wei,WEN Xue-ze,YEI Jian-qing,et al.2008.The MS8.0Wenchuan earthquake surface ruptures and its seis-mogenic structure[J].Seismology and Geology,30(3):597—629(in Chinese).
许忠淮,汪素云,黄雨蕊,等.1987.由多个小震推断的青甘和川滇地区地壳应力场的方向特征[J].地球物理学报,30(5):476—486.XU Zhong-huai,WANG Su-yun,HUANG Yu-rui,et al.1987.Directions of mean stress axes in Southwestern China de-duced from micro earthquake data[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,30(5):476—486(in Chinese).
杨清源,胡毓良,陈献程.1996.国内外水库诱发地震目录[J].地震地质,18(4):453—461.YANG Qing-yuan,HU Yu-liang,CHEN Xian-cheng.1996.Catalogue of the reservoir-induced seismic events in theworld[J].Seismology and Geology,18(4):453—461(in Chinese).
Gahalaut K,Gahalaut V K.2010.Effect of the Zipingpu reservoir impoundment on the occurrence of the2008Wen-chuan earthquake and local seismicity[J].Geophysical Journal International,183:277—285.
Kai Deng,Shiyong Zhou,Rui Wang,et al.2010.Evidence that the2008MW7.9Wenchuan earthquake could not havebeen induced by the Zipingpu reservoir[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,100(5B):2805—2814.
Shemin Ge,Mian Liu,Ning Lu,et al.2009.Did the Zipingpu Reservoir trigger the2008Wenchuan earthquake?[J].Geophysical Research Letters,36,L20315.doi:10.1029/2009GL040349.
Richard A K,Richard S.2009.A human trigger for the great quake of Sichuan?[J].Science,323:322.
Waldhauser F,Ellsworth W L.2000.A double-difference earthquake location algorithm:Method and application to thenorthern Hayward Fault,California[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,90(6):1353—1368.
②李敏,汪雍熙,2008,紫坪铺水库诱发地震预测意见回顾与蓄水后的验证。
①同176页①。
②PDE,2008,http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eqinthenews/2008/us2008ryan/。
③Harvard,2008,http://www.globalcmt.org/cgi-bin/globalcmt-cgi-bin/CMT4/。
①同180页②
②同176页①。
陈九辉,刘启元,李顺成,等.2009.汶川MS8.0地震余震序列重新定位及其地震构造研究[J].地球物理学报,52(2):390—397.CHEN Jiu-hui,LIU Qing-yuan,LI Shun-cheng,et al.,2009.Seismotectonic study by relocation of the Wenchuan MS8.0earthquake sequence[J].Chinese J Geophys,52(2):390—397(in Chinese).
陈颙.2009.汶川地震是由水库蓄水引起的吗?[J].中国科学(D辑),39(3):257—259.CHEN Yong.2009.Did the reservoir impoundment trigger the Wenchuan earthquake?[J].Science in China(Ser D),52(4):431—433.
崔效峰,谢富仁.1999.利用震源机制解对中国西南及邻区进行应力分区的初步研究[J].地震学报,21(5):513—522.CUI Xiao-feng,XIE Fu-ren.1999.Preliminary research to determine stress districts from focal mechanism solutions inSouthwest China and its adjacent area[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,21(5):513—522(in Chinese).
崔效峰,谢富仁,张红艳.2006.川滇地区现代构造应力场分区及动力学意义[J].地震学报,28(5):451—461.CUI Xiao-feng,XIE Fu-ren,ZHANG Hong-yan.2006.Recent tectonic stress field zoning in Sichuan-Yunnan region andits dynamic interest[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,19(5):485—496.
丁原章.1989.水库诱发地震[M].北京:地震出版社.DING Yuan-zhang.1989.The Reservoir Induced Earthquake[M].Seismological Press,Beijing(in Chinese).
范晓.2008.汶川大地震地下的奥秘[J].中国国家地理,(6):101—139.FAN Xiao.2008.Wenchuan earthquake:Underground mysteries[J].Chinese National Geography,(6):101—139(inChinese).
傅淑芳,刘宝程.1991.地震学基础[M].北京:地震出版社.FU Shu-fang,LIU Bao-cheng.1991.An Introduction to Seismology[M].Seismological Press,Beijing(in Chinese).
胡先明,张永久,谢蓉华,等.2009.紫坪铺水库区小地震震源机制研究[J].地震地质,31(4):676—685.HU Xian-ming,ZHANG Yong-jiu,XIE Rong-hua,et al.2009.Research on focal mechanism of small earthquakes inZipingpu reservoir area[J].Seismology and Geology,31(4):676—685(in Chinese).
胡毓良,陈献程.1979.中国的水库地震及有关成因的讨论[J].地震地质,1(4):45—57.HU Yu-liang,CHEN Xian-cheng.1979.Discussion on the reservoir-induced earthquakes in China and some problemsrelated to their origin[J].Seismology and Geology,1(4):45—57(in Chinese).
黄媛,吴建平,张天中,等.2008.汶川8.0级大地震及其余震序列重定位研究[J].中国科学(D辑),38(10):1242—1249.HUANG Yuan,WU Jian-ping,ZHANG Tian-zhong,et al.2008.The relocation of Wenchuan MS8.0earthquake and itsaftershock sequence[J].Science in China(Ser D),38(10):1242—1249(in Chinese).
雷建设,赵大鹏,苏金蓉,等.2009.龙门山断裂带地壳精细结构与汶川地震发震机理[J].地球物理学报,52(2):339—345.LEI Jian-she,ZHAO Da-peng,SU Jin-rong,et al.2009.Fine seismic structure under the Longmenshan Fault zone andthe mechanism of the large Wenchuan earthquake[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,52(2):339—345(in Chi-nese).
雷兴林,马胜利,闻学泽,等.2008.地表水体对断层应力与地震时空分布影响的综合分析:以紫坪铺水库为例[J].地震地质,30(4):1046—1064.LEI Xing-lin,MA Sheng-li,WEN Xue-ze,et al.2008.Integrated analysis of stress and regional seismicity by surfaceloading:A case study of Zipingpu reservoir[J].Seismology and Geology,30(4):1046—1064(in Chinese).
刘启元,陈九辉,李顺成,等.2008.汶川MS8.0地震:川西流动地震台阵观测数据的初步分析[J].地震地质,30(3):584—596.LIU Qi-yuan,CHEN Jiu-hui,LI Shun-cheng,et al.2008.The MS8.0Wenchuan earthquake:Preliminary results fromthe western Sichuan mobile seismic array observations[J].Seismology and Geology,30(3):584—596(in Chi-nese).
卢显,张晓东,周龙泉,等.2010.紫坪铺水库库区地震精定位研究及分析[J].地震,30(2):10—30.LU Xian,ZHANG Xiao-dong,ZHOU Long-quan,et al.2010.Accurate relocation and analysis of earthquakes in the Zip-ingpu reservoir area,Sichuan,China[J].Earthquake,30(2):10—30(in Chinese).
马瑾.1987.构造物理学概论[M].北京:地震出版社.MA Jin.1987.An Introduction to Tectonophysics[M].Seismological Press,Beijing(in Chinese).
马瑾,陈顺云,扈小燕,等.2010.大陆地表温度场的时空变化与现今构造活动[J].地学前缘,17(4):1—14.MA Jin,CHEN Shun-yun,HU Xiao-yan,et al.2010.Spatial-temporal variation of the land surface temperature field andpresent-day tectonic activity[J].Earth Science Frontiers,17(4):1—14(in Chinese).
马文涛,徐锡伟,于贵华,等.2010.汶川地震发震构造应力场分析(摘要)[J].国际地震动态,6:18.MA Wen-tao,XU Xi-wei,YU Gui-hua,et al.2010.Analysis on the tectonic stress field of Wenchuan earthquake(Abstract)[J].Recent Developments in World Seismology,6:18.
王勤彩,陈章立,郑斯华.2009.汶川大地震余震序列震源机制的空间分段特征[J].科学通报,54(16):2348—2354.WANG Qin-cai,CHEN Zhang-li,ZHENG Si-hua.2009.Spatial segmentation characteristic of focal mechanism of after-shock sequence of Wenchuan earthquake[J].Chinese Sci Bull,54(16):2348—2354(in Chinese).
王卫明,赵连峰,李娟,等.2008.四川汶川8.0地震震源过程[J].地球物理学报,51(5):1403—1410.WANG Wei-ming,ZHAO Lian-feng,LI Juan,et al.2008.Rupture process of the MS8.0Wenchuan earthquake of Si-chuan,China[J].Chinese J Geophys,51(5):1403—1410(in Chinese).
徐锡伟,闻学泽,叶建青,等.2008.汶川MS8.0地震地表破裂带及其发震构造[J].地震地质,30(3):597—629.XU Xi-wei,WEN Xue-ze,YEI Jian-qing,et al.2008.The MS8.0Wenchuan earthquake surface ruptures and its seis-mogenic structure[J].Seismology and Geology,30(3):597—629(in Chinese).
许忠淮,汪素云,黄雨蕊,等.1987.由多个小震推断的青甘和川滇地区地壳应力场的方向特征[J].地球物理学报,30(5):476—486.XU Zhong-huai,WANG Su-yun,HUANG Yu-rui,et al.1987.Directions of mean stress axes in Southwestern China de-duced from micro earthquake data[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,30(5):476—486(in Chinese).
杨清源,胡毓良,陈献程.1996.国内外水库诱发地震目录[J].地震地质,18(4):453—461.YANG Qing-yuan,HU Yu-liang,CHEN Xian-cheng.1996.Catalogue of the reservoir-induced seismic events in theworld[J].Seismology and Geology,18(4):453—461(in Chinese).
Gahalaut K,Gahalaut V K.2010.Effect of the Zipingpu reservoir impoundment on the occurrence of the2008Wen-chuan earthquake and local seismicity[J].Geophysical Journal International,183:277—285.
Kai Deng,Shiyong Zhou,Rui Wang,et al.2010.Evidence that the2008MW7.9Wenchuan earthquake could not havebeen induced by the Zipingpu reservoir[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,100(5B):2805—2814.
Shemin Ge,Mian Liu,Ning Lu,et al.2009.Did the Zipingpu Reservoir trigger the2008Wenchuan earthquake?[J].Geophysical Research Letters,36,L20315.doi:10.1029/2009GL040349.
Richard A K,Richard S.2009.A human trigger for the great quake of Sichuan?[J].Science,323:322.
Waldhauser F,Ellsworth W L.2000.A double-difference earthquake location algorithm:Method and application to thenorthern Hayward Fault,California[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,90(6):1353—1368.
版权所有：© 2023 中国地质图书馆 中国地质调查局地学文献中心