塔里木盆地地震波速扰动及泊松比成像
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摘要
大型克拉通盆地地壳上地幔组构有什么特征?其内部结构有何变化?这是目前备受关注的科学问题之一。在新世纪体波地震层析成像的研究进入区域地壳上地幔探测的视野,这个问题可通过体波地震层析成像来研究。文中结合塔里木盆地内的宽频地震记录以及新疆地震台网、中国数字地震台网资料对塔里木地区进行了同台同源的P波和S波地震层析成像,重点研究区域分辨率横向达到0.5°×0.5°,纵向达到10km间隔。通过体波到时地震层析成像反演,得到了研究区域精细地壳P波和S波速度结构。根据P波和S波速度扰动和泊松比三维图像,分析了塔里木盆地内部岩石圈波速和泊松比内部结构的信息,通过上中地壳的地震层析成像,地壳波速与泊松比结构反映了满加尔的基底、流体活动性和地温结构利于油气的成熟和保存。一般情况下莫霍面上下方波速及泊松比异常分布模式有明显区别,但塔里木盆地中央顺托果勒呈现穿透莫霍面的异常模式,解释为二叠纪岩石圈火山作用留下的"指纹"。这些信息对油气远景区定位有一定意义。
What kind of lithospheric characteristics have been developed beneath large cratonic basins?What difference in the basin structures showed during their development?These issues received much concern in recent years.Seismic body wave tomography has been a powerful tool to study the crust and upper mantle structures and has gained world-wide acknowledgment in the 21century.So the seismic body wave tomography can be applied to the investigation of these problems.In this paper,3Dhigh-resolution P-and S-wave velocity structures of the crust beneath Tarim Basin are investigated with body wave tomography by using arrival time data from same source-receiver pairs.The resolution of P-and S-wave velocity models reaches 0.5°×0.5°laterally and 10km vertically,tested by some different grid steps.We analyze the obtained 3Dimages of the Pand S-wave velocity perturbation and Poisson's ratio,interpret the crustal structures and compare differences between internal structure units within Tarim Basin.The results indicate that there are three areas that are good for oil/gas accumulation and preservation.These three areas are as follows:(1)Round Mangar depression;(2)the west part of Bachu uplift and Yecheng depression;(3)Tangutsbas and the east section of Maigait Slope.The crustal seismic anomaly distribution patterns are usually different from that beneath the Moho.But this crustal pattern at Shuntuoguole area in central Tarim Basin seems penetrating through the Moho.This kind of lithospheric structure must be distinct from general situation,being interpreted as"fingerprint"in the lithosphere,which was left by volcanism in the Permian.In conclusion,the homographic results have certain significance in oil and gas exploration.
What kind of lithospheric characteristics have been developed beneath large cratonic basins?What difference in the basin structures showed during their development?These issues received much concern in recent years.Seismic body wave tomography has been a powerful tool to study the crust and upper mantle structures and has gained world-wide acknowledgment in the 21century.So the seismic body wave tomography can be applied to the investigation of these problems.In this paper,3Dhigh-resolution P-and S-wave velocity structures of the crust beneath Tarim Basin are investigated with body wave tomography by using arrival time data from same source-receiver pairs.The resolution of P-and S-wave velocity models reaches 0.5°×0.5°laterally and 10km vertically,tested by some different grid steps.We analyze the obtained 3Dimages of the Pand S-wave velocity perturbation and Poisson's ratio,interpret the crustal structures and compare differences between internal structure units within Tarim Basin.The results indicate that there are three areas that are good for oil/gas accumulation and preservation.These three areas are as follows:(1)Round Mangar depression;(2)the west part of Bachu uplift and Yecheng depression;(3)Tangutsbas and the east section of Maigait Slope.The crustal seismic anomaly distribution patterns are usually different from that beneath the Moho.But this crustal pattern at Shuntuoguole area in central Tarim Basin seems penetrating through the Moho.This kind of lithospheric structure must be distinct from general situation,being interpreted as"fingerprint"in the lithosphere,which was left by volcanism in the Permian.In conclusion,the homographic results have certain significance in oil and gas exploration.
引文
[1]杨文采.古特提斯域大地构造物理学[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2009:300-330.
[2]康玉柱.中国塔里木盆地石油地质特征及资源评价[M].北京:地质出版社,1996.
[3]康玉柱,王宗秀.塔里木盆地构造体系控油作用研究[M].北京:中国大地出版社,1996.
[4]贾承造.中国塔里木盆地构造特征与油气[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1997.
[5]贾承造,张师本,吴绍祖,等.塔里木盆地及周边地层[M].北京:科学出版社,2004.
[6]方大钧,沈忠锐,谈晓冬,等.塔里木盆地显生宙古地磁与板块运动学[M].杭州:浙江大学出版社,2006.
[7]侯遵泽,杨文采.塔里木盆地多尺度重力场反演与密度结构[J].中国科学:D辑,2011,41(1):29-39.
[8]于常青,赵殿栋,杨文采.塔里木盆地结晶基底的反射地震调查[J].地球物理学报,2012,55(9):2925-2938.
[9]Xu Y,Liu F T,Liu J H,et al.Crust and upper mantle structure beneath western China from P wave travel time tomography[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,2002,107(B10):2220-2241.
[10]Li H,Li S,Song X D.Crustal and uppermost mantle velocity structure beneath northwestern China from seismic ambient noise tomography[J].Geophysical Journal International,2012,188(1):131-143.
[11]和锐,杨建思,张翼.新疆巴楚—伽师地区上地壳三维速度层析成像[J].西北地震学报,2010,32(6):139-149.
[12]钱辉,姜枚,肖文交,等.天山—准噶尔地区地震层析成像与壳幔结构[J].地震学报,2011,33(3):327-341.
[13]王亚军,钱荣毅,姜枚,等.新疆富蕴—库尔勒剖面地震层析图像与地壳上地幔的速度结构[J].地质学报,2006,80(1):143-147.
[14]邵学钟,张家茹.塔里木盆地深部构造的地震转换波测深结果[J].地球物理学报,1994,37(6):836-844.
[15]高锐,肖序常,高弘,等.西昆仑—塔里木—天山岩石圈深地震探测综述[J].地质通报,2002,21(1):11-18.
[16]李秋生,卢德源,高锐,等.新疆地学断面(泉水沟—独山子)深地震测深成果综合研究[J].地球学报,2001,22(6):534-540.
[17]杨文采,杜剑渊.地震成像新算法及其在工程检测上的应用[J].地球物理学报,1994,37(2):239-244.
[18]杨文采,瞿辰,于常青.华北东部地区地壳泊松比异常及其成因[J].地学前缘,2011,18(3):13-21.
[19]Kennett B L N,Engdahl R.Traveltimes for global earthquake location and phase identification[J].Geophysical Journal International,1991,105(2):429-465.
[20]Laske G,Masters G,Reif C.Crust 2.0[EB/OL].(2000-08-29)[2004-02-15].http:∥mahi.ucsd.edu/Gabi/rem.html.
[21]Rawlinson N,Reading A M,Kennett B L N.Lithospheric structure of Tasmania from a novel form of teleseismic tomograph[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,2006,111(B2):1029-1050.
[22]De Kool M,Rawlinson N,Sambridge M.A practical grid based method for tracking multiple refraction and reflection phases in 3Dheterogeneous media[J].Geophysical Journal International,2006,167:253-270.
[23]杨文采,杨午阳,程振炎.中国大陆科学钻探孔区地震反射的标定[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(6):1685-1696.
[24]Yang W C.The crust and upper mantle of the Sulu UHPM belt[J].Tectonophysics,2009,475(2):226-234.
[25]杨文采,陈志德.中国东部的多重拱弧地震构造[J].中国科学:D辑,2005,35(12):1120-1130.
[26]杨文采,金振民,于常青.结晶岩中天然气异常的地震响应[J].中国科学:D辑,2008,38(9):1057-1068.
[2]康玉柱.中国塔里木盆地石油地质特征及资源评价[M].北京:地质出版社,1996.
[3]康玉柱,王宗秀.塔里木盆地构造体系控油作用研究[M].北京:中国大地出版社,1996.
[4]贾承造.中国塔里木盆地构造特征与油气[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1997.
[5]贾承造,张师本,吴绍祖,等.塔里木盆地及周边地层[M].北京:科学出版社,2004.
[6]方大钧,沈忠锐,谈晓冬,等.塔里木盆地显生宙古地磁与板块运动学[M].杭州:浙江大学出版社,2006.
[7]侯遵泽,杨文采.塔里木盆地多尺度重力场反演与密度结构[J].中国科学:D辑,2011,41(1):29-39.
[8]于常青,赵殿栋,杨文采.塔里木盆地结晶基底的反射地震调查[J].地球物理学报,2012,55(9):2925-2938.
[9]Xu Y,Liu F T,Liu J H,et al.Crust and upper mantle structure beneath western China from P wave travel time tomography[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,2002,107(B10):2220-2241.
[10]Li H,Li S,Song X D.Crustal and uppermost mantle velocity structure beneath northwestern China from seismic ambient noise tomography[J].Geophysical Journal International,2012,188(1):131-143.
[11]和锐,杨建思,张翼.新疆巴楚—伽师地区上地壳三维速度层析成像[J].西北地震学报,2010,32(6):139-149.
[12]钱辉,姜枚,肖文交,等.天山—准噶尔地区地震层析成像与壳幔结构[J].地震学报,2011,33(3):327-341.
[13]王亚军,钱荣毅,姜枚,等.新疆富蕴—库尔勒剖面地震层析图像与地壳上地幔的速度结构[J].地质学报,2006,80(1):143-147.
[14]邵学钟,张家茹.塔里木盆地深部构造的地震转换波测深结果[J].地球物理学报,1994,37(6):836-844.
[15]高锐,肖序常,高弘,等.西昆仑—塔里木—天山岩石圈深地震探测综述[J].地质通报,2002,21(1):11-18.
[16]李秋生,卢德源,高锐,等.新疆地学断面(泉水沟—独山子)深地震测深成果综合研究[J].地球学报,2001,22(6):534-540.
[17]杨文采,杜剑渊.地震成像新算法及其在工程检测上的应用[J].地球物理学报,1994,37(2):239-244.
[18]杨文采,瞿辰,于常青.华北东部地区地壳泊松比异常及其成因[J].地学前缘,2011,18(3):13-21.
[19]Kennett B L N,Engdahl R.Traveltimes for global earthquake location and phase identification[J].Geophysical Journal International,1991,105(2):429-465.
[20]Laske G,Masters G,Reif C.Crust 2.0[EB/OL].(2000-08-29)[2004-02-15].http:∥mahi.ucsd.edu/Gabi/rem.html.
[21]Rawlinson N,Reading A M,Kennett B L N.Lithospheric structure of Tasmania from a novel form of teleseismic tomograph[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,2006,111(B2):1029-1050.
[22]De Kool M,Rawlinson N,Sambridge M.A practical grid based method for tracking multiple refraction and reflection phases in 3Dheterogeneous media[J].Geophysical Journal International,2006,167:253-270.
[23]杨文采,杨午阳,程振炎.中国大陆科学钻探孔区地震反射的标定[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(6):1685-1696.
[24]Yang W C.The crust and upper mantle of the Sulu UHPM belt[J].Tectonophysics,2009,475(2):226-234.
[25]杨文采,陈志德.中国东部的多重拱弧地震构造[J].中国科学:D辑,2005,35(12):1120-1130.
[26]杨文采,金振民,于常青.结晶岩中天然气异常的地震响应[J].中国科学:D辑,2008,38(9):1057-1068.
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