微地震信号到时自动拾取方法
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摘要
本文讨论了用于微地震信号到时自动拾取的几种方法的原理及特点,包括长短时均值比(STA/LTA)方法、AIC方法、基于高阶统计量偏斜度和峰度的PAI-S/K方法等,提出了移动时窗峰度的快速算法和改进的峰度拾取初至方法.对我国西部某地观测到的13359个微地震记录,采用两种时窗进行了初至到时拾取,并与人工拾取的结果进行了对比.为使所研究的方法达到最佳效果,采用DE全局搜索方法,以人工拾取的初至作为参照,以时差在0.3s以内的记录所占百分比作为目标函数,自动搜索最佳的拾取参数.结果显示,在拾取时窗选为P波初至前3s至S波初至位置时,AIC方法的结果最佳,时差在0.3s以内的记录占比达到93.6%;在拾取时窗选为包含S波到时的时窗时,改进的峰度法效果最佳,时差在0.3s以内的记录占比83.8%.
Several approaches for automatic seismic first arrival identification are discussed in this paper,which include STA/LTA method,AIC method,and PAI-S/K method.A fast algorithm for computing kurtosis of seismic wave and a revised PAI-S/K method are proposed.The methods are applied to 13359 micro-seismic records from western China,and the results are compared to manual picking results.In order to achieve best picking results,the DE(differencial evolution) method is used to optimize picking parameters.The result shows that for the time window containing P signals only,the AIC method gives best results,about 93.6 percent of records are within 0.3 seconds time difference from manual picking.For the time window containing both P and S signals,the revised PAI-S/K method turns out to be the best one,about 83.8 percent of records are within 0.3 seconds time difference from manual picking.
Several approaches for automatic seismic first arrival identification are discussed in this paper,which include STA/LTA method,AIC method,and PAI-S/K method.A fast algorithm for computing kurtosis of seismic wave and a revised PAI-S/K method are proposed.The methods are applied to 13359 micro-seismic records from western China,and the results are compared to manual picking results.In order to achieve best picking results,the DE(differencial evolution) method is used to optimize picking parameters.The result shows that for the time window containing P signals only,the AIC method gives best results,about 93.6 percent of records are within 0.3 seconds time difference from manual picking.For the time window containing both P and S signals,the revised PAI-S/K method turns out to be the best one,about 83.8 percent of records are within 0.3 seconds time difference from manual picking.
引文
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[2]赵金洲,王松,李勇明.页岩气藏压裂改造难点与技术关键.开发工程,2012,32(4):1-4.Zhao J Z,Wang S,Li Y M.Difficulties and key techniques inthe fracturing treatment of shale gas reservoirs.Natural GasIndustry(in Chinese),2012,32(4):1-4.
[3]刘振武,撒利明,杨晓等.页岩气勘探开发对地球物理技术的需求.石油地球物理勘探,2011,46(5):810-820.Liu Z W,Sa L M,Yang X,et al.Needs of geophysicaltechnologies for shale gas exploration.Oil GeophysicalProspecting(in Chinese),2011,46(5):810-820.
[4]张山,刘清林,赵群等.微地震监测技术在油田开发中的应用.石油物探,2002,41(2):226-231.Zhang S,Liu Q L,Zhao Q,et al.Application ofmicroseismic monitoring technology in development of oilfield.Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum(in Chinese),2002,41(2):226-231.
[5]王爱国,周瑶琪,陈勇等.基于微地震技术的油田裂缝监测及模拟.中国海洋大学学报,2008,38(1):116-120.Wang A G,Zhou Y Q,Chen Y,et al.Monitoring andsimulation of fracture in oil field based on micro-seismictechnology.Periodical of Ocean University of China(inChinese),2008,38(1):116-120.
[6]Duncan P M,Eisner L.Reservoir characterization usingsurface microseismic monitoring.Geophysics,2010,75(5):139-146.
[7]Warpinski N.Microseismic monitoring:inside and out.Journal of Petroleum Technology,2009,61(11):80-85.
[8]Allen R V.Automatic earthquake recognition and timingfrom single traces.Bull.Seismol.Soc.Amer.,1978,68(5):1521-1532.
[9]Allen R V.Automatic phase pickers:their present use andfuture prospects.Bull.Seismol.Soc.Amer.,1982,72(6):225-242.
[10]Baer M,Kradolfer U.An automatic phase picker for localand teleseismic events.Bull.Seismol.Soc.Amer.,1987,77(4):1437-1445.
[11]Gibbons S J,Ringdal F,Kvrna T.Detection andcharacterization of seismic phases using continuous spectralestimation on incoherent and partially coherent arrays.Geophys.J.Int.,2008,172(1):405-421.
[12]Maeda N.A method for reading and checking phase times inauto-processing system of seismic wave data.Zisin=Jishin,1985,38(3):365-379.
[13]Saragiotis C D.PAI-S/K:A robust automatic seismic Pphase arrival identification scheme.IEEE Transactions onGeoscience and Remote Sensing,2002,40(6):1395-1404.
[14]常旭,刘伊克.地震记录的广义分维及其应用.地球物理学报,2002,45(6):839-846.Chang X,Liu Y K.The generalized fractal dimension ofseismic records and its application.Chinese J.Geophys.(inChinese),2002,45(6):839-846.
[15]王继,陈九辉,刘启元等.流动地震台阵观测初至震相的自动检测.地震学报,2006,28(1):42-51.Wang J,Chen J H,Liu Q Y,et al.Automatic onset phasepicking for portable seismic array observation.ActaSeismologica Sinica(in Chinese),2006,28(1):42-51.
[16]彼得.鲍曼.新地震观察实践手册.中国地震局监测预报司译.金严,陈陪善,许忠淮校.北京:地震出版社,2006.Peter B.New Manual of Seismological of ObservatoryPractice(in Chinese).Beijing:Seismological Press,2006.
[17]Storn R,Price K.Differential evolution-a simple and efficientadaptive scheme for global optimization over continuousspaces.Technical Report TR-95-012,ICSI,1995.
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