地震预测人工源极低频电磁新技术(CSELF)和第一个观测台网
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摘要
地震预测人工源极低频电磁技术(CSELF)是一种新技术,大功率人工源信号在"波导"中传播,可覆盖数千km的距离范围。信号频带包括传统电、磁法不曾包含的,对地震电磁异常现象敏感的极低频及其附近频率的电磁场信号。利用台网进行观测,既可监测空间电磁场的分布及其变化,又可监测台站地下电阻率结构及其变化,利于实现对地震电磁异常的4维监测。在过去10多年的研究和试验中,2次观测到地震前的电磁异常。利用CSELF台网式的观测表明,人工源信号的数据具有稳定的、高信噪比的优势。现在中国具有一定规模的第一个CSELF观测台网正在建设中。
Control Source Extremely Low Frequency(CSELF)electromagnetic technique is a new technique used in the earthquake monitoring. The signals transmitted by powerful generator propagate in "conductance" and cover the regions distant to thousands of kilometers. The signal frequency band contains the ELF and adjacent frequencies which were not used in earthquake monitoring by previous electric and magnetic observations and were understood for their sensitivity to the electromagnetic anomaly relative to events. The CSELF can monitor both the space electromagnetic fields and the sub-surface resistivity structures with their variations,which is favorable for four-dimensional monitoring. In the past experiments,the electromagnetic anomalies before shocks were measured twice. The experimental observation using observatory network-like stations shown that the data of artificial signals are quite stable and have high S/N ratio. A new observatory network with a certain scale is building for earthquake monitoring.
Control Source Extremely Low Frequency(CSELF)electromagnetic technique is a new technique used in the earthquake monitoring. The signals transmitted by powerful generator propagate in "conductance" and cover the regions distant to thousands of kilometers. The signal frequency band contains the ELF and adjacent frequencies which were not used in earthquake monitoring by previous electric and magnetic observations and were understood for their sensitivity to the electromagnetic anomaly relative to events. The CSELF can monitor both the space electromagnetic fields and the sub-surface resistivity structures with their variations,which is favorable for four-dimensional monitoring. In the past experiments,the electromagnetic anomalies before shocks were measured twice. The experimental observation using observatory network-like stations shown that the data of artificial signals are quite stable and have high S/N ratio. A new observatory network with a certain scale is building for earthquake monitoring.
引文
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马宗晋,傅征祥,张郢珍,等.1982.1966—1976年中国九大地震[M].北京:地震出版社.MA Zong-jin,FU Zheng-xiang,ZHANG Ying-zheng,et al.1982.1966-1976Nine Strong Earthquakes in China[M].Seismological Press,Beijing(in Chinese).
汪晓.2008.人工源超低频电磁波技术数据处理初步研究[D]:[学位论文].北京:中国地震局地质研究所.WANG Xiao.2008.Extraction of artificial-source SLF/ELF electromagnetic signal and data processing[D].Master the-sis.Institute of Geology,China Earthquake Administration,Beijing(in Chinese).
杨静.2011.人工源极低频电磁波传播特性研究[D]:[学位论文].北京:中国地震局地质研究所.YANG Jing.2011.Propagation characteristics of CSELF electromagnetic waves[D].Master thesis.Institute of Geolo-gy,China Earthquake Administration,Beijing(in Chinese).
赵国泽,陆建勋.2003a.利用人工源超低频电磁波监测地震的试验与分析[J].中国工程科学,5(10):27—33.ZHAO Guo-ze,LU Jian-xun.2003a.Monitoring&analysis of earthquake phenomena by artificial SLF waves[J].Engi-neering Science,5(10):27—33(in Chinese).
赵国泽,汤吉,邓前辉,等.2003b.人工源超低频电磁波技术及在首都圈地区的测量研究[J].地学前缘,10(特刊):248—257.ZHAO Guo-ze,TANG Ji,DENG Qian-hui,et al.2003b.Artificial SLF method and the experimental study for earth-quake monitoring in Beijing area[J].Earth Science Frontiers,10(Suppl):248—257(in Chinese).
赵国泽,王立凤,汤吉,等.2010.地震监测人工源极低频电磁技术(CSELF)新试验[J].地球物理学报,53(3):479—486.ZHAO Guo-ze,WANG Li-feng,TANG Ji,et al.2010.New experiments of CSELF electromagnetic method for earthquakemonitoring[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,53(3):479—486(in Chinese).
赵国泽,詹艳.2012.电磁地球物理法的发展和应用研究现状[A].见:徐文骏主编.王子昌先生诞辰百年纪念文集.北京:北京大学出版社.29—39.ZHAO Guo-ze,ZHAN Yan.2012.Case study of EM geophysics[A].In:XU Wen-jun(ed).A collection of essays incommemoration of Wang Zichang in his centennial birthday.Peking University Press,Beijing.29—39(in Chi-nese).
Bleier T,Freund F.2005.Impending earthquakes have been sending us warning signals and people are starting to listen[J].IEEE Spectrum INT,3:3—7.
Johnston M,Uyeda S.1999.Electromagnetic methods for monitoring earthquake and volcanic eruptions[A].Birming-han,IUGG99.A72—A83.
ОИФЗРАНРЕШЕНИЕ-КОНФЕРЕНЦИИ.1997.Краткосрочньιйпрогнозкатастрофическихземлетрясенийспомощьюралиофизическихназемно-космическихметолов[Z].Москва.
Parrot M.2002.The micro-satellite DEMETER[J].Journal of Geodynamics,33(4-5):535—541.
Pulinets S A.2006.Space technologies for short-term earthquake warning[J].Advances in Space Research,37:643—652.
Velikhov E P,Zhamaletdinov A A,Sobchakov L A,et al.1996.Extra-low frequency sounding of the Earth's crust with ahigh-power antenna[J].Earth Sci Ser,Engl Transi,341:12—16.
Zhao G Z,Zhan Y,Wang L F,et al.2009.Electromagnetic anomaly before earthquakes measured by electromagnetic ex-periments[J].Earthquake Science,22(4):395—402.
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