苏北大陆科学钻探靶区深反射地震的叠前深度偏移
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摘要
由于深反射地震数据具有信噪比低和记录长度长等特点，叠前深度偏移方法的应用有许多困难．为此，我们研究了一种适合于深反射地震的叠前深度偏移方法；包括：用逆风有限差分方法计算程函方程；在常规速度扫描的基础上，用协方差控制提高速度分析精度；用联合反演算法计算层速度，再插值后得到初始速度模型；用Ｋｉｒｃｈｈｏｆｆ法作为偏移速度分析工具，求得最终的速度模型；最终的速度模型作为有限差分深度偏移的输入，求得最终的偏移结果．用该方法对“中国大陆科学深钻工程”东海二维深反射地震数据ＤＨ－４线进行了叠前深度偏移，取得了良好的效果。
Due to the low signal-to-noise ratio and long recording length of deep seismic data, the application of prestack depth migration has some difficulties. We developed a depth migration method for deep seismic data processing as follows. The upwind finite-difference method is used for traveltime calculations; a high resolution velocity analysis by co-variance analysis, a joint inversion method for internal velocity, and a Kirchhoff prestack depth migration scheme are sequentially used for the velocity analysis on semblance gathers; and finally the finite-difference reverse time migration is employed for final imaging. We used our prestack depth migration scheme to process 2D deep seismic reflection data in Donghai for site selection of Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling Program. The resulting migrated profile has higher resolution and is more informative than those obtained by conventional migration processing.
Due to the low signal-to-noise ratio and long recording length of deep seismic data, the application of prestack depth migration has some difficulties. We developed a depth migration method for deep seismic data processing as follows. The upwind finite-difference method is used for traveltime calculations; a high resolution velocity analysis by co-variance analysis, a joint inversion method for internal velocity, and a Kirchhoff prestack depth migration scheme are sequentially used for the velocity analysis on semblance gathers; and finally the finite-difference reverse time migration is employed for final imaging. We used our prestack depth migration scheme to process 2D deep seismic reflection data in Donghai for site selection of Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling Program. The resulting migrated profile has higher resolution and is more informative than those obtained by conventional migration processing.
引文
[1]赵改善.叠前深度偏移成像技术.石油物探译丛, 1998,(4).
ZHAO Gai—Shan. The imaging methods for prestack depth migration- Overseas Petrogeophysics, 1998,(4).
[ 2]杨长春,刘兴才,李幼铭等.地震叠前深度偏移方法流程及应用.地球物理学报, 1996, 39(3):409-415.
YANG Chang-Chun, LIU Xing-Cai, LI You-Ming et al. A methodology for seismic prestack depthmigration. Chinese J Geophys. (in Chinese), 1996, 39(3):409-415.
[3]杨文采.后板块地球内部物理学导论.北京:地质出版社,1999.
YANG Wen-Cai. Post-Plate-Tectonic Physics of Earth Interior (in Chinese). Beijing: Geological Pub. House,1999.
[4]杨文采,焦富光.利用联合反演技术进行反射地震的波组成像.地球物理学报,1987,30(6):617-627.
YANG Wen-Cai JIAO Fu-Guang. Velocity imaging from reflection seismic data by joint inversiontechniques. Chinese J. Geophys. (in Chinese), 1987, 30(6):617-627.
[5]杨文采,程振炎.陈国九等,苏鲁超高压变质带北部地球物理调查(I):深反射地震.地球物理学报,1999, 42(1):41—52.
YANG Wen-Cai, CHENG Zhen-Yan, CHEN Guo-Jiu, et al. Geophysical Investigation in northern SuluUHPM belt Part I: Seismic reflection. Chinese J Geophys. (in Chinese), 1999, 42(1),41-52.
[6]杨文采,胡振远,程振炎等.郯城-涟水综合地球物理剖面.地球物理学报,1999,42(2):206-217,
YANG Wen-Cai, HU Zhen-Yuan, CHENG Zhen-Yan, et al. Long profile of geophysical Investigationfrom Tanchen to Lianshui, east-central China. Chinese J. Geophys. (in Chinese), 1999, 42(2), 206-217.
[7]朱金明,王丽燕,地震波走时的有限差分计算,地球物理学报,1992,35(1)86-92
ZHU Jin-Ming, WANG Li-Yan. Finite difference calculation of seismic traveltimes. Chinese J Geophys.(in Chinese), 1992, 35(1),86-92.
[8]杨文采,范尚武,基于声波方程的油储反射地震.见:刘光鼎等主编.陆相薄互层油储地球物理学导论(第四 章).北京:科学出版社,1998.
YANG Wen-Cai, FAN Shang-Wu. Reservoir geophysics based on acoustic equations. In: LIU Guang-Dinget al. ed. Reservoir geophysics in China (chapter 4). (in Chinese). Beijing: Science Press, 1998.
[9]王建立.冷传波,张洪宙等.二维叠前深度偏移及辅助处理流程方法研究.寸丹集──庆贺刘光鼎院士工作 50周年,北京:科学出版社,1998.254—269.
WANG Jian-li, LENG Chuan-bo, ZHANG Hong-Zhou. A study on 2D prestack depth migration andauxiliary processing. In: CHENG Yong et al. ed. Cun-Dao -Ji - Symposium for celebrating the 50thanniversary academician LIU Guang-Ding (in Chinese) Beijing: Science Press, 1998. 254-269.
[10]陈秀梅,李幼铭,杨长春等.三维地震走时逆风有限差分算法.寸丹集──庆贺刘光鼎院士工作50周年,北 京:科学出版社,1998,240—253。
CHEN Xiu-Mei, LI You-Ming, YANG Chang-Chun. 3D upwind finite lifterence method of seismictraveltimes. In: CHENG Yong et al. ed. Cun-Den-Ji - Symposium for celebrating the 50th anniversary ofacademician LIU Guang-Ding (in Chinese) Beijing: Science Press, 1998. 240-253.
[11] Sebastien Geoltrain, Jean Brac. Can we image complex siructures with first-arrival traveltimes?. Geophysics,1993, 58(4):564-575.
[12] Samuel gray, William P May. Kirehhoff migration using eikonal equation traveltimes. Geophysics, 1994,59(5): 8 10-8 1 7.
[13] Fuhao Qin, et al. Finite-difference solution of the eikonal equation along expanding wavefronts. Geophysics,1992, 57(3):478-487.
[14] William A. Schneider, Jr. Robust and efficient upwind finite-difference traveltime calculations in threedimension. Geophysics, 1995, 60(4): 1 108-1 1 17.
[15] John Vidale. Finite-difference calculation of traveltimes. Bull. of the Seis. Soc. Am., 1988, 78(6):2062-2076.
[16] K Al-Yahya. velocity analysis by iterative profile migration. Geophysics, 1989, 54(6):718-729.
[17] Roelof Jan Versteeg. Sensitivity of prestack depth migration to the velocity model. Geophysics, 1993, 58(6):837-882.
[18] J. Zhu et al. Smiles and frowns in migration/velocity analysis. Geophysics, 1998, 63(4): 1200-1209.
[19] S. Cao, Stewart Greenhalgh. 2.5D model of seismic wave propagation: Boundary Condition, Stability criterion and efficiency. Geophysics, 1998, 63(6):2082-2090.
[20] J. Sun. On the limited operture migration in two dimensions. Geophysics, 1998, 63(3):984-994.
[21]杨文采,后板块地球内部物理学导论(第十章)北京:地质出版社1999
YANG Wen-Cai. Post-Plate-Tectonics physics of the earth's interior, chapter 10(in Chinese). Beijing:Geological Pub. House, 1999.
[22] XU Zhi-Qin, YANG Wen-Cai, ZHANG Ze-Ming, et al. Scientific significance and site-selection researches of the first Chinese continental scientific deep drilling. Continental Dynamics, 1998, 3(1): 1-13.
ZHAO Gai—Shan. The imaging methods for prestack depth migration- Overseas Petrogeophysics, 1998,(4).
[ 2]杨长春,刘兴才,李幼铭等.地震叠前深度偏移方法流程及应用.地球物理学报, 1996, 39(3):409-415.
YANG Chang-Chun, LIU Xing-Cai, LI You-Ming et al. A methodology for seismic prestack depthmigration. Chinese J Geophys. (in Chinese), 1996, 39(3):409-415.
[3]杨文采.后板块地球内部物理学导论.北京:地质出版社,1999.
YANG Wen-Cai. Post-Plate-Tectonic Physics of Earth Interior (in Chinese). Beijing: Geological Pub. House,1999.
[4]杨文采,焦富光.利用联合反演技术进行反射地震的波组成像.地球物理学报,1987,30(6):617-627.
YANG Wen-Cai JIAO Fu-Guang. Velocity imaging from reflection seismic data by joint inversiontechniques. Chinese J. Geophys. (in Chinese), 1987, 30(6):617-627.
[5]杨文采,程振炎.陈国九等,苏鲁超高压变质带北部地球物理调查(I):深反射地震.地球物理学报,1999, 42(1):41—52.
YANG Wen-Cai, CHENG Zhen-Yan, CHEN Guo-Jiu, et al. Geophysical Investigation in northern SuluUHPM belt Part I: Seismic reflection. Chinese J Geophys. (in Chinese), 1999, 42(1),41-52.
[6]杨文采,胡振远,程振炎等.郯城-涟水综合地球物理剖面.地球物理学报,1999,42(2):206-217,
YANG Wen-Cai, HU Zhen-Yuan, CHENG Zhen-Yan, et al. Long profile of geophysical Investigationfrom Tanchen to Lianshui, east-central China. Chinese J. Geophys. (in Chinese), 1999, 42(2), 206-217.
[7]朱金明,王丽燕,地震波走时的有限差分计算,地球物理学报,1992,35(1)86-92
ZHU Jin-Ming, WANG Li-Yan. Finite difference calculation of seismic traveltimes. Chinese J Geophys.(in Chinese), 1992, 35(1),86-92.
[8]杨文采,范尚武,基于声波方程的油储反射地震.见:刘光鼎等主编.陆相薄互层油储地球物理学导论(第四 章).北京:科学出版社,1998.
YANG Wen-Cai, FAN Shang-Wu. Reservoir geophysics based on acoustic equations. In: LIU Guang-Dinget al. ed. Reservoir geophysics in China (chapter 4). (in Chinese). Beijing: Science Press, 1998.
[9]王建立.冷传波,张洪宙等.二维叠前深度偏移及辅助处理流程方法研究.寸丹集──庆贺刘光鼎院士工作 50周年,北京:科学出版社,1998.254—269.
WANG Jian-li, LENG Chuan-bo, ZHANG Hong-Zhou. A study on 2D prestack depth migration andauxiliary processing. In: CHENG Yong et al. ed. Cun-Dao -Ji - Symposium for celebrating the 50thanniversary academician LIU Guang-Ding (in Chinese) Beijing: Science Press, 1998. 254-269.
[10]陈秀梅,李幼铭,杨长春等.三维地震走时逆风有限差分算法.寸丹集──庆贺刘光鼎院士工作50周年,北 京:科学出版社,1998,240—253。
CHEN Xiu-Mei, LI You-Ming, YANG Chang-Chun. 3D upwind finite lifterence method of seismictraveltimes. In: CHENG Yong et al. ed. Cun-Den-Ji - Symposium for celebrating the 50th anniversary ofacademician LIU Guang-Ding (in Chinese) Beijing: Science Press, 1998. 240-253.
[11] Sebastien Geoltrain, Jean Brac. Can we image complex siructures with first-arrival traveltimes?. Geophysics,1993, 58(4):564-575.
[12] Samuel gray, William P May. Kirehhoff migration using eikonal equation traveltimes. Geophysics, 1994,59(5): 8 10-8 1 7.
[13] Fuhao Qin, et al. Finite-difference solution of the eikonal equation along expanding wavefronts. Geophysics,1992, 57(3):478-487.
[14] William A. Schneider, Jr. Robust and efficient upwind finite-difference traveltime calculations in threedimension. Geophysics, 1995, 60(4): 1 108-1 1 17.
[15] John Vidale. Finite-difference calculation of traveltimes. Bull. of the Seis. Soc. Am., 1988, 78(6):2062-2076.
[16] K Al-Yahya. velocity analysis by iterative profile migration. Geophysics, 1989, 54(6):718-729.
[17] Roelof Jan Versteeg. Sensitivity of prestack depth migration to the velocity model. Geophysics, 1993, 58(6):837-882.
[18] J. Zhu et al. Smiles and frowns in migration/velocity analysis. Geophysics, 1998, 63(4): 1200-1209.
[19] S. Cao, Stewart Greenhalgh. 2.5D model of seismic wave propagation: Boundary Condition, Stability criterion and efficiency. Geophysics, 1998, 63(6):2082-2090.
[20] J. Sun. On the limited operture migration in two dimensions. Geophysics, 1998, 63(3):984-994.
[21]杨文采,后板块地球内部物理学导论(第十章)北京:地质出版社1999
YANG Wen-Cai. Post-Plate-Tectonics physics of the earth's interior, chapter 10(in Chinese). Beijing:Geological Pub. House, 1999.
[22] XU Zhi-Qin, YANG Wen-Cai, ZHANG Ze-Ming, et al. Scientific significance and site-selection researches of the first Chinese continental scientific deep drilling. Continental Dynamics, 1998, 3(1): 1-13.
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